A Secondary Religious Bibliography of Bertrand Russell by Stefan Andersson

Bibliographies/archival inventories

A secondary religious bibliography of Bertrand Russell by Stefan Andersson

IN GENERAL AGREEMENT with previous secondary bibliographies in Russell, I have compiled a secondary religious bibliography of Bertrand Russell. I In introducing it I shall say something about the problems connected with its compilation, the principles of selection, and finally a few words about the general picture one gets of what has been written about Russell and religion between 1901 and 1987. There is one problem in this context that has to be faced, and that is what is meant by "religion" as opposed to "ethics", "morals", "pol itics", etc. Russell used the word in several different ways. In his first book, German Social Democracy (1896), he describes social democracy as a religion. 2 In a letter to Alys he describes her as "my Life, my Joy, my Religion",3 and to Lady Ottoline he writes, "how utterly, rever ently, and religiously I love yoU."4 In his "Reply to Criticisms" he dis tinguishes between three different aspects of religion and ends by saying that he has found many people unsatisfactory without some form

I K. Blackwell, "A Secondary Political Bibliography of Russell", Russell, no. 33-34 (Spring-Summer 1979): 39-44; David Harley and Carl Spadoni, "A Secondary Edu cational Bibliography of Russell", Russell, n.s. 2, no. 1 (Summer 1982): 59-68; and K. Blackwell, "A Secondary Bibliography of Russell's 'The Essence of Religion"', Russell, n.s. 1 (Winter 1981-82): 143-6. 2 London: Longmans, Green, 1896, pp. I, 7. 3 Letter dated 15 Sept. 1894. 4 Letter #306, c. Jan. 1912, original in Morrell papers, Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, University of Texas at Austin.

147 148 Russell winter 1987-88 A secondary religious bibliography 149 of personal religion. 5 A close reading of his writings reveals that he \¥'as (195 1), "What Is an Agnostic?" (1953), "Do Science and Religion Con not consistent in his usage of the word "religion" and its different flict?" and Human Society in Ethics and Politics (1954), Why I Am Not grammatical forms. It is difficult to say what distinction Russell made a Christian (1957), My Philosophical Development (1959), Bertrand Rus between "mystical" and "religious". This is one side of the problem. sell Speaks His Mind (1960), and The Autobiography ofBertrand Russell, Another is to decide the relationship between his religious views and Vols. I and II (1967-68). Some important essays, e.g. "The Free Man's his ideas concerning ethics, politics and education; are the latter Worship" from 1903 and "Mysticism and Logic" from 1914, were derived from his religious views, or are they independent of each other? reprinted as part of books. That is why they are not listed here. Perhaps one can associate his religious, ethical, and political views with The establishment of a primary religious bibliography of Russell's his logical and epistemological ideas or vice versa? There are many writing is fraught with problems, and the compilation of a secondary questions one can ask in this context, and different answers will create religious bibliography can easily turn into something worse than what different-looking primary and secondary bibliographies. Since this bib Sisyphus had to face-if one wants to be pedantic, ambitious and con liography is a byproduct of my doctoral research on Russell's philos sistent, that is. I do not know of any sure path to the establishment of ophy of life and his critique of religion, I am aware of the temptation a complete secondary religious bibliography of Russell, so I have had of seeing traces of his religious views in almost all of his writings. The to settle for a compromise. question concerning the internal relations among his ideas is a com The 209 separate items in this secondary bibliography can be divided plicated one, and I cannot discuss it here. However, in order to give into five major categories: (I) PH.D. and master's theses, (2) journal the user of this bibliography an idea as to which of Russell's writings articles, (3) books or parts of books, (4) reviews of Russell's writings, I consider as central, here is the list of issues that I consider as being and (5) entries in dictionaries and encyclopedias. religiously relevant: the essence of religion, mysticism, the existence of The first and second categories are the easiest to get information God, the major beliefs of Christianity, immortality, free will, the mean about by searching as many indexes as possible. I have consulted all ing of life, the reality of good and evil, and questions concerning ethical the major indexes in the area of philosophy, religion and theology, but behaviour. several of the items I found purely by chance during my research on In my research I have, apart from books and chapters in books, Russell and religion. The principle of selection has been to include all found more than 200 articles and reviews in the Blackwell-Ruja Bib items that discuss Russell and religion beyond a passing mention. The liography where Russell discusses these issues. The next question is: third category is problematic in two ways: first of all, it is rather arbi which ones are most important? The answer to this question will be of trary which books one finds which discuss Russell· and religion since help in deciding, e.g., which book reviews ought to be candidates for there must be hundreds of them; secondly, one has to decide if a certain the secondary bibliography. Here is my list of his most important writ book is worth listing. My principle has been to include those books in ings on religiously relevant topics: A Critical Exposition of the Philos which Russell's views on religion are given a critical examination. The ophy of Leibniz (1900), Philosophical Essays (1910), "The Essence of fourth category is also problematic, because there is a lot ofinformation Religion" and The Problems of Philosophy (1912), Principles of Social to be found in the Bertrand Russell Archives-several boxes of book Reconstruction (1916), Mysticism and Logic (1918), What I Believe reviews, lists of book reviews compiled by Harry Ruja and the Archi (1925), "Why I Am Not a Christian" (1927), Marriage and Morals vist, and other sources of information. In order to keep the secondary (1929), The Conquest of Happiness and Has Religion Made Useful Con bibliography within reasonable limits, I have included only the best of tributions to Civilization? (1930), The Scientific Outlook (1931), Religion the newspaper reviews. The fifth category consists of items collected and Science (1935), "My Religious Reminiscences" (1938), "My Mental during my explorations of different libraries' reference departments. Development" and "Reply to Criticisms" (1944), A History of l%stern During the research for this bibliography, I have come to the con Philosophy (1945), "The Existence of God" (a discussion between Rus clusion that probably more has been written about Russell's religious sell and Father Copleston) (1948), New Hopes for a Changing World views than about any of his other views. This is, after all, perhaps not such a surprise, since besides sex and money, religion is one of the

S The Philosophy of Bertrand Russell, ed. P.A. Schilpp (Evanston: Northwestern D., issues that concern us mortals more than any other subject. I have often 1944), p. 726. read that Russell's so-called "popular" books on religion, education, 150 Russell winter 1987-88 A secondary religious bibliography 151 politics, etc., are less important than his contributions to mathematical documents all reflect different attitudes towards religion. In the first logic and philosophy. Apart from the problem as to how one can exactly one Russell gives a rather dark description of man's place in the uni measure the importance, I am very sceptical about such a view. I think verse, and there is nothing that any religion can do about it; we will that Einstein's contributions to physics are more important than any all die sooner or later, and there is no reason to hope for anything thing else he wrote or did, but with Russell it is another matter. What beyond the grave. The best one can do is to adopt a stoic attitude Russell did in mathematical logic was neither as original nor as impor towards all the necessary suffering and enjoy life as long as possible. tant as what Einstein did in physics, if such a comparison makes any In the second essay he ascribes to religion a much more positive role, sense. Einstein's theories were important in the development of nuclear and although nothing specific comes out of it, he at least sounds very energy and nuclear bombs-a development which, on the whole, has "religious".6 In his speech from 1927 he ridicules organized forms of had more bad effects than good. Russell's theories in mathematical religion and offers a rather superficial criticism in a mocking manner. logic have not, so far as I know, killed anyone, and on the other hand When this speech was republished thirty years later with a number of he has done a lot to encourage peace on earth. His critique of religion his other writings on religion, religion had ceased to be a personal issue is of importance in this context because differing religious views have for him compared to earlier parts of his life when he really seems to often been pointed out as causes of conflicts and wars. If Russell's writ have longed for some kind of religious comfort. As late as 1931, when ings on religion and politics have convinced anyone that differing reli he started to write his autobiography, he says that even his love for gious and political views are not a good reason for us killing one other, those who were closest to him was a way of suppressing his "vain search then his popular books are certainly as important as his technical ones. for God". Russell seems to have made a special case for what he called Moore, Whitehead, Peirce, Wittgenstein and other philosophers might "personal religion", which he not only tolerated but even encouraged. possibly all be more interesting and original as philosophers, but in my But he was not particularly anxious to advertize this distinction when opinion no other philosopher has been as important as Bertrand Russell there were priests and bishops around or when he was invited to give when it comes to the philosophical analysis of problems that concern a lecture to some atheistic organization. As he got older, he seems to all of us, and the way people in general have reacted to his popular have become more tolerant towards the intolerant, but a sure way of books is a testimony of this influence. This perhaps cannot be strictly irritating him was to accuse him of being a Christian in disguise. 7 These proven; it simply "shows" itself. "accusations" were not totally unwarranted. In 1950 he declared: "The What general information concerning the writings on Russell and root of the matter ... is love, Christian love, or compassion."8 What religion can one get from this secondary bibliography? First of all, exactly did he mean? Would Hindu or Muslim love have been equal approximately 95 percent of the items listed were written in English alternatives? Or even plain love and common decency? and published either in England or the United States. This is no sur Considering the fact that Russell lived to be almost 100 and that prise. On the other hand, one does also find items written by authors during these years he not only changed his views on religion, but also from France, Germany, India, Denmark, Sweden and several other was not very particular about giving an exact description of his views; countries. However, this bibliography does not reflect the great interest it is understandable that Russell has been ordained with so many dif that Russell's ideas have attracted in countries like India, Japan and ferent titles-"atheist", "agnostic", "mystic", "religious atheist", etc. China. Several of Russell's popular books have been translated into These different interpretations of Russell's religious position are more than fifteen different languages, so the proportion of items not reflected in the titles listed in this bibliography. written in English is probably much bigger in reality than this bibli There are some interesting articles written about Russell and religion ography indicates. One general conclusion is that Russell's ideas on before he was generally recognized as a debunker of religion. After that religion have reached and provoked reactions in almost all parts of the world. 6 Even Russell's fellow freethinker Joseph McCabe remarks, in his otherwise negligible Of everything that Russell said about religion, there are two essays entry on him in A Rationalist Encyclopaedia (London: Watts, 1948), that in this essay "he accepted God as a sort of world-soul" (p. 513). and one lecture that seem to have attracted more attention than the rest 7 See "Bertrand Russell on the Afterlife", The Humanist, 28, no. 5 (Sept.-Oct. 1968): of his writings. These are "A Free Man's Worship", "The Essence of 29· Religion", and the lectlJre "Why I Am Not a Christian". These three 8 The Impact of Science on Society (London: Allen and Unwin, 1952), p. 114. 152 Russell winter 1987-88 A secondary religious bibliography 153 his commentators can be divided into three different groups: those who 1910 [Reprinted in Russell, n.S. I (Winter see nothing good in what Russell has to say about religion, those who ANON., "Philosophy and the Man" 1981- 82): 119-35·] see nothing but good in it, and those who try to give him a fair trial. [Review of Philosophical Essays], The 1918 Nation, London, 8 (3 Dec. 1910): 411 ANON., "Mr. Bertrand Russell's Ideas" Several of the most interesting things written about Russell and religion 12. [Review of Mysticism and Logic], The have been published in this journal by people who have done research 1911 Literary World, 7 Mar. 1918, p. 37. at the Bertrand Russell Archives. A majority of them concentrate on DAWESHICKS, G., "[Review of Philosoph BROAD,C.D., "[Review of Mysticism and the early Russell and on the years which were dominated by his rela ical Essays]", The Hibbert Journal, 9 Logic]", Mind, 27 (Oct. 1918): 484-92 tionship with Lady Ottoline. I do not consider his views on religion, (Apr. 1911): 908-16. (at 485-7). SANTAYANA,G., "Russell's Philosophical [ELIOT, T.S.], "Style and Thought" as he expressed them in his letters to her, as being representative of his Essays", The Journal of Philosophy, Psy [Review of Mysticism and Logic], The mature position. It was one phase in the development of his thinking chology and Scientific Methods, 8 (3 Feb., Nation, London, 22 (23 Mar. 1918): in the same way as "Why I Am Not a Christian" is an example of 2 Mar., 3 Aug. 1911): 57-63, 113-24, 768-70. another phase. What remains to be done is to examine the development 421-32. [Revised and reprinted as Chap. TENNANT,FR., "Mr. Russell's Religion IV, "The Philosophy of Mr. Bertrand of his religious thinking, both from a philosophical and a psychological and Philosophy" [Review of Mysticism Russell" in his Winds 0/ Doctrine (Lon alldLogic], The Cambridge Review, 39 (7 point of view,and give a description of what can be considered as his don: Dent; New York: Scribner's, Mar. 1918): 326-7. final and mature view on religion. 1913), pp. 110-54 (at 113-19).] 1919 Unfortunately, I have not been able to present this bibliography with WATERLOW,S., "[Review of Philosophical WOOD, H.G., "Logic and Pessimism", all information completely supplied, but in those few cases where I Essays]", International J oumal of Ethics, The Expositor, (8), 18 (1919): 42-63. have left a question mark, the item should be possible to identify any 21 (July 1911): 486-93 (at 492). [Reprinted in his Living Issues in Reli 1912 gious Thought from George Fox to Ber way. Additions to this bibliography will be gratefully accepted c/o the ANON., "Religion without God" [Review trand Russell (London: Allen and Russell Archives. The items that were new to the Archives have mostly of "The Essence of Religion]", The Unwin, 1924), pp. 26-50.) been acquired for its supporting library of books and articles. 9 Nation, 12 (26 Oct. 1912): 171-2. 1920 PERRY, R.B., Present Philosophical Tend PRATT, J.B., The Religious Consciousness Department of Philosophy of Religion encies (London: Longmans, Green, (New York: Macmillan, 1920), p. 5n. 1913), Chaps. 13 and 14, pp. 331ff, RADHAKRISHNAN,S., Chap. XI, "The New Faculty Theology of 345ff. Realism of Mr. Bertrand Russell" in his Lund University 1913 The Reign of Religion in Contemporary DICKINSON, F., "[Summary of 'The Philosophy (London: Macmillan, 1920), Essence of Religion']", The Philosophi PP·357-69· cal Review, 22 (Jan. 1913): 102-3. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1921 PRINGLE-PATTISON,A.S., '''The Free McDOWALL, A., "Three Philosopher Man's Worship'. A Consideration of Mr. Prophets (Dr. Inge, Mr. Bertrand Rus 1901 THOROLD,A.L., "Maeterlinck as Moral Bertrand Russell's Views on Religion", sell, and Mr. Santayana)", The London LATTA,R., "[Review of A Critical Expo ist", The Independent Review, 8 (Feb. The HibbertJournal, 12 (OCI. 1913): 47 Mercury, 4 (June 1921): 164-72. sition of the Philosophy of LeibnizJ", 1906): 184--97 (at 190). [Reprinted as 63· Mind, 10 (Oct. 1901): 525-33 (at 530, "Maeterlinck" in his Six Masters in Dis [Reprinted in The Living Age, 310 (23 1916 July 1921): 200-8.) 532 ). illusion (London: Constable, 1909), pp. HOERNLE,R.F.A., "The Religious Aspect 1906 97-118 (at 115).] 1923 of Bertrand Russell's Philosophy", H ar WATKIN, E.!., "Bertrand Russell-Reli vard Theological Review, 9 (Apr. 1916): gious Atheist", Catholic World, 116 •I would like to thank the staff at the Lund University Library for their assistance in 157-89. (Mar. 1923): 731-42. ordering many of the items in this bibliography; Sheila Turcon at the Russell Archives 1917 1924 for her help; archivist Dr. Kenneth Blackwell who has encouraged my work, supplied DAWESHICKS, G., "[Review of Principles BOWEN,R.H., "A Constructive Study of me with valuable information, and given important advice concerning the final form of Social Reconstmction]", The Hibbert the Religious Philosophies of S. Alex of this bibliography, which has turned it into something much more useful and reliable Journal, 15 (Apr. 1917): 692-7 (at 697). ander, L.T. Hobhouse and Bertrand than, it otherwise would have been; the Centre for Computing in the Humanities at HARDY,G.H., "Mr. Russell as a Religious Russell" (unpublished PH.D. disserta the Robarts Library, Toronto, for letting me use its facilities; and last but not least, Teacher", The Cambridge Magazine, 6 tion, Yale University, 1924), pp. [206 The Swedish Institute and The Craaford Foundation for financial support. (1')-26 May 1917): 624-6, 650-3. 59]. IS4 Russell winter 1987-88 A secondary religious bibliography ISS

1925 Exposilory Times, 44 (Apr. 1932): 300 EVANS, M., "Naturally Immaterial", MATTHEWS,R.W., The "History ofWeslern 1 Philosophy" (Drawbridge Memorial NIEBUHR, R., "Can Schweitzer Save Us 4· Sewanee Review, 51 (1943): 13 -47. from Russell?", The Christian Celllury, 1935 GRIFFITH, G.O., Chap. XVI, "Bertrand Lecture; London: Christian Evidence 42 (3 Sept. 1925): 1093-5· INGE, W.R., "Religion and Science", The Russell" in his IlIlerpreters of Man (Lon Society, [1947]). 1927 Spectalor, 155 (18 Oct. 1935): 613· don: Lutterworth Press, 1943). MERCIER, L.} .A., "A Symposium on Ber ELIOT, T.S., "[Review of Why I Am Not a 1936 1944 trand Russell's History of Western Phi Christian]", The Criterion, 6 (Aug. DEWEY, }., "Religion, Science, and Phi BRIGHTMAN,E.S., Chap. 17, "Russell's losophy. 1. Introduction", Franciscan Philosophy of Religion" in The Philos 2 8 19 2 7): t77-9· losophy" [Review of Religion and Sci Studies, 7 (1947): 7 - . STAPLEDON,0., "Mr. Bertrand Russell's ence], Southern Review, 2 (Summer ophy of Bertrand Russell, ed. P.A. TONGUE, W.R., "Book 1. Ancient Philos Ethical Beliefs", InlernalionalJournal of 1936): 53- 62. [Reprinted in his Prob Schilpp (Evanston: Northwestern U., ophy" [Part of "A Symposium on Ber Ethics, 37 (July 1927): 390-402 . lems of Men (New York: Philosophical 1944)· trand Russell's Hislory of Western TAYLOR,J., "Why I Am Not a Christian: a Library, 1946).] 1945 Philosophy]", Franciscan Studies, 7 Criticism", The Crusader, 9 (I }uly HAWKINS,D.}.B., "The Pseudo-Scientific HARTSHORNE,C., "[Review of The Philos (1947): 78- 89. 1927): 402-4· Outlook" [Review of Religion and Sci ophy of Bertrand Russell, ed. Schilpp]", VANCE, }.G., "Bertrand Russell's WATKIN, E.I., "Religion without ence], Colosseum, 3 (Sept. 1936): 209-14. The Journal of Religion, 25 (Oct. 1945): Caprice" [Review ofA Hislory of Western Dogma", The Dublin Review, 180 (Apr. L[ARRABEE],H.A., "[Review of Religion 280-4· Philosophy], The Nineteenth Cenlury, 141 1927): 173-96. [Revised and supple and Science]", The Journal of Philosophy, 1947 (Jan. 1947): 41-52. ALLERS, R., "Book Three. Modern Phi 1949 mented in his 1937 chapter.] 33 (16 Jan. 1936): 55--6· losophy" [Part of "A Symposium on LEGGETT, H.W., Chap. VI, "Philosophy, 1928 SANTAYANA, G., "Bertrand Russell's Bertrand Russell's Hislory of western Religion and Morality" in his Bertrand INGRAM,K., The Unreasonableness of Anti Searchlight" [Review of Religion and Philosophy"], FranciscOlI Studies, 7 Russell O.M. (London: Lincolns-Pra Christianity (London: Published for the Science], The American Mercury, 37 (1947): 220-42. ger, [949; New York: Philosophical Catholic Literature Ass. of the Anglo (Mar. 1936): 377-9. [Reprinted in his BERLIN, I., "[Review of A Hislory ofWest Library, 1950), pp. 66-7. Catholic Congress Committee by the The Birth of Reason and Other Essays, ern Philosophy]", Mind, 56 (Apr. 1947): 1950 Society of SS. Peter and Paul, [1928]). ed. D. Cory (New York: Columbia U.P., 151--66. ANON., "Is Bertrand Russell Now among WOOD, H.G., Why Mr. Russell Is Not a 1968).] COLLINS,}., "Book Two. 1. Catholic Phi the Prophets?", The Christian Century, Christian (London: Student Christian 1937 losophy; A Critical Analysis of Russell's 67 (6 Dec. 1950): 1445· Movement, 1928). WATKIN, E.1., "Lord Russell: Religion View of Catholic Philosophy" [Part of ANON., "Simple Equation", The Common 1929 without Reason" in his Men and Tend ANON., "Bertrand Russell on Religion" "A Symposium on Bertrand Russell's weal, 53 (I Dec. 1950): 187- 8. [Russell encies (London: Sheed and Ward, 1937), [Review of Has Religion Made Useful Hislory ofWeslern Philosophy"], Francis on Communism and Catholicism.] pp. 49"-92. [Revised version, with COlllributions 10 Civilization?], The World can Studies, 7 (1947): 193-219. ASPELIN, G., "Bertrand Russell: Politiker lengthy discussion of Religion and Sci Tomorrow, 12 (Oct. 1929): 391. COPLESTON,EC., "[Review ofA Hislory of och Moralist", Samtid och Framlid, 7 ence, of Watkin's 1927 article.] BELGION, M., Part v, "According to the Western Philosophy]", The Wind and the (1950): 59 1-5. 1939 Honourable Bertrand Russell" in his Rain, 4 (Summer 1947): 57--62. PooTS, R., "'Great Scott'-and Other BREMOND,A., Chap. 3, "Russell's Reli Our Present Philosophy of Life (London: CROSS,R.N., "Bertrand Russell's Hislory Descriptions", The Philosopher, n.s. 2 gion without God" in his Religions of Faber and Faber, 1929), pp. 229-95. of WeSlern Philosophy", The Hibbert (Mar. 1950): 16-23. Unbelief(Milwaukee: Bruce, 1939). [On GILLIS, }.M., "The Remarkable Wrong Journal, 45 (Jan. 1947): 193-201. 1952 "A Free Man's Worship" and "The ness of Bertrand Russell", Catholic FITZGERALD,G., "The Faith of the Infi COATES,}. B., "God and the Positivists", Essence of Religion".] World, 130 (1929): 226-<). del", The Irish Monthly, 75 (1947): 441 The Hibberl Journal, 50 (Apr. 1952): MOLITOR, A., "Zur Religionsphilosophie INGE, W.R., "A Religion of 'Hopeless 5· 225-31. und Sexualethik B. Russells", Philoso Rebellion'" [No. L in series "Some of }OAD,C.E.M., "A Landmark in Philoso- 1953 phisches Jahrbuch der Gorresgesellschaft, Our Prophets"], The Evening Standard, phy" [Review of A Hislory of WeSlern SEGRE, U., "II Pensiero Etico-Politico di 52 (1939): 25-32, 160-80. London, 8 May 1929, p. ? Philosophy], The Forlllighcly, 68 (Jan. Russell", Rivisla Critica di Storia della 1940 1931 1947): 1-10. Filosofia, 8 (Mar.-Apr. 1953): 2II-26. CHAPLIN, W.N., "Christian Asceticism Schiller, F.C.S. "[Review of The Conquest LITVIN, }., "A Philosopher Gone Astray" 1954 and the New Morality", The Church of Happiness]", Mind, 40 (Apr. 1931): [Review of A History of Western Philos MILMED, B.K., "Theories of Religious Quarterly Review, 129 (Jan.-Mar. 1940): 238-4 1. ophy], The Gates of Zion, I, no. 4 (July Knowledge from Kant to }aspers", Phi 258-80 (at 276-80). [On Marriage and 1932 1947): 43--6. [See the July 1948 issue for losophy, 29 (July 1954): 195-215 (at 205 Morals.] WOOD, H.G., "Modern Theophobia: the a reply by Russell and the reviewer's 9)· 1943 Case of Mr. Bertrand Russell", The rejoinder.] 1955 156 Russell winter 1987-88 A secondary religious bibliography 157

BEACH, J.D., "Bertrand Russell Speaks and Portraits from Memory], The Tamar SCOLERI,D., "Bertrand Russell Moralista FRAYN, M., "Russell and Wittgenstein", for Man", Catholic World, 181 (May ack Review, no. 6 (Winter 1958): 90--4· ed Educatore", Richerche Filosofiche, 32 Commentary, 43, no. 5 (May 1967): 68 1955): 93-8. WOOD, H.G., "Bertrand Russell, Ration (1964): 3-11. 75 (at 71). 1957 alist and Christian" [Review of Why I 1965 FROMM, E., "Prophets and Priests" in IRVINE,G., "An Angry Old Man" [Review Am Not a Christian], The Expository ITIEL, G.W., "Lucretius Redivivus? Eine Bertrand Russell: Philosopher of the Cen of Why I Am Not a Christian], Time and Times, 69 (Feb. 1958): 132-4. Auseinandersetzung mit Bertrand Rus tury, ed. R. Schoenman (London: Allen Tide, 38 (26 Oct. 1957): 1342. [BR 1959 sells Auffassung tiber den Ursprung der and Unwin, 1967), pp. 67-79. replied on 23 Nov., p. 1463.] HOCHBERG,H., "St. Anselm's Ontological Religion", Zeitschrift fur Religions- uild HAMPSHIRE,S., "The Education of Ber MARTIN, K., "The Faith of Bertrand Rus Argument and Russell's Theory of Geistesgeschichte, 17 (1965): 43-62. trand Russell" [Review of Autobiogra sell" [Review of Why I Am Not a Chris Descriptions", The New Scholasticism, WEIGEL, A.D., "A Critique of Bertrand phy, Vol. I], The New York Review of tian], New Statesman, 54 (9 Nov. 1957): 33 (Summer 1959): 319-30. Russell's Religious Position", Bulletin of Books, 8, no. 7 (20 Apr. 1967): 3-4. 619-20. MONTGOMERY,G.S., Why Bertrand Russell the Evangelical Theological Society, 8 [Reprinted in his Modern Writers and MCCALL, C., "Bertrand Russell's Latest Is Not a Christian (New York: The Dak (1965): 139-58. [Reprinted in Christi Other Essays (London: Chatto & Win Book" [Review of Why I Am Not a otan, 1959). anity for the Tough Minded, ed. J.W. dus, 1969), pp. II 1-19.] Christian], The Freethinker, 77 (15 Nov. NIELSEN, K., "Religion, Morality and Montgomery (Minneapolis: Bethany KALLEN,H.M., "Russell and James: Two 1957): 361- 2. Bertrand Russell", The Amherst Review, Fellowship, 1973), pp. 35-61.] Religious Views" [Review of Autobiog O'DOHERTY, E.F., "Russell and the Great I, no. 2 (Spring 1959): 13-26. 1966 raphy, Vol. I and William James: a Biog Mystery", Studies: an Irish Quarterly 1960 COPLESTON,Ee., Chap. XXI, "Bertrand raphy by G.W. Allen], Dimensions, Fall Review, 46 (Spring 1957): 27-33, 162 MCCARTHY,D.G., "Freedom in the Eth Russell (3)", in A History of Philosophy, 1967, pp. 45-7· 72. [Second set of pp. is sub-titled "Sur ics of Bertrand Russell", Philosophical Vol. Vlll: Bentham to Russell (London: MARTIN, K., "Unmistakably a Genius" vival after Death".] Studies, Maynooth, 10 (1960): 100--32 Burns and Oates, 1966), pp. 481-2. [Review of Autobiography, Vol. I], New WOOD,A., Bertrand Russell, the Passionate (at 128-32). EHRLICH,R.S., The Philosophy of Bertrand Statesman, 73 (17 Mar. 1967): 363-4. Sceptic (London: Allen & Unwin, 1957; STACE, W.T., Mysticism and Philosophy MCGUINNESS,B.E, "Russell, Bertrand, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1958), (London: Lippincott, 1960), pp. 13-21. Russell (Monarch Notes, New York: Monarch Press, 1966), pp. 56-61. Philosophy of", in The New Catholic passim. 1962 Encyclopedia (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1958 LI'lGSTRUP,K.E., "Etikens Fiirankring i MARTIN, J.A., Chap. 2, "The Context of the New Dialogue: the Rise of British 1967), 12: 729-30. ABELSON,R., "[Review of Why I Am Not Verkligheten", Var Liisen, 8 (1962): PURCELL,V., "Fifty Years' Influence" in Analytical Philosophy" in his The New a Christian]", Philosophy and Phenome 315-2 3. Bertrand Russell: Philosopher of the Cen Dialogue between Philosophy and Theol nological Research, 19 (Sept. 1958): 112 1963 tury, ed. Schoenman, pp. 33-55 (at 41, ogy (London: Seabury Press, 1966), pp. 14· AIKEN, L.W., Bertrand Russell's Philoso 46-52). CLARK,e.H.D., Christianity and Bertrand phy of Morals (London: Allen and 46-7· 1968 MCGUINNESS, B.E, "The Mysticism of Russell (London: Lutterworth Press, Unwin; New York: Humanities, 1963), BROAD, e.D., "Bertrand Russell's First the Tractatus", Philosophical Review, 75 1958). pp. 78-81, 99-101. Forty-Two Years, in Self-Portraiture", (July 1966): 305-28. GRAVES,R., "Two Studies in Scientific DOMHOFF, G.W., "Sartre or Russell The Philosophical Review, 77 (Oct. SCHlLPP, P.A., "Bertrand Russell: the Atheism" [Review of Why I Am Not a Why Not Both?", The Humanist, 23, no. 1968): 455-73 (at 466-9). Philosophical Critic of Religion", in The Christian], The New Republic, 138 (28 4 (July-Aug. 1963): II6- 17· DAVIDSON,J.A., "Russell: Sceptic and World of Philosophy, ed. e.A. Qadir Apr. 1958): 13-17. GRANGER, G.G., "Le Scepticisme Pas Secular Saint" [Review of Autobiogra (Lahore, Pakistan: Sharif Presentation LI'lGSTRUP,K.E., "Fornuft contra Fl'lleise. sionne de Bertrand Russell", Critique, phy, Vol. II], The United Church Volume Committee, 1966), pp. 21-33. Et essay om Bertrand Russell", Perspek 19 (Dec. 1963): 1068-82 (at 1078ff.). Observer, Toronto, n.s. 30, no. 10 (I A Festschrift for M.M. Sharif. tiv, 8 (1958): 15-23. MACQUARRIE,J., Chap. XIV, "The New Aug. 1968): 27-8. 1967 NIELSEN, K., "Bertrand Russell's New Realism" in his Twentieth Century Reli EAMES, E.R., "Bertrand Russell's Social DEVAUX,P., Chap. 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MUNZ, P., Our Knowledge of the Growth of SCHARFSTEIN,B.-A., "Russell" in his The WOELFEL,J., "Religious Studies and Life HARWOOD,L.D., "Bertrand Russell's Phi Knowledge (Lon.don: Routledge & Philosophers: Their Lives and the Nature Stories", Theology Today, 39 (Apr. 1982): 7-16 (at 8-<). losophy of Religion" (unpublished M.A. Kegan Paul, 1985), pp. 307£' [Compares of Their Thought (New York: Oxford thesis, Trinity Evangelical Divinity Russell and Sartie on the meaning of 1 1 1983 U.P., 1979), pp. 3°3-18 (at 3 3, 3 5). School, (984). life.] 1981 BRINK, A., "Bertrand Russell's The Pil grimage of Life and Mourning", The LEITHAUSER,G.G., "The Romantic Rus NATHANSON,S., "Russell's Scientific Mys BLACKWELL,K., "A Secondary Bibliog sell and the Legacy of Shelley", Russell, ticism", Russell, n.s. 5 (Summer 1985): raphy of Russell's Essence of Reli Journal of Psychohistory, 10 (Winter 'The n.s. 4 (Summer 1984): 31-48. 14-2 5. 1983): 311-31. gion''', Russell, n.s. I (Winter 1981 MILLER, A., "D'Holbach: A Free Man's 1986 FORTE, M., "Creativity in the Relation- 82): 143~· Worship", Eighteenth Century Life, 9 BEXELL, G., "Ethik in der Begegnung ship between Bertrand Russell and Lady ___ , "The Early Wittgenstein and the (Oct. 1984): 83-94. zwischen zwei Traditionen: K.E. Ll'lgs Ottoline Morrell" (unpublished M.A. Middle Russell" in Perspectives on the THIEL, M., §37, "Religion: Russells trups Kritik der angelsachsischen Mor thesis, McMaster University, 1983), Philosophy of Wiltgenstein, ed. 1. Block Christentum" in Bertrand Russell: Eng alphilosophie", Zeitschrift fur (Oxford: Blackwell, 1981), pp. 1-30 (at esp. Chap. 3· lands Wt!g in die Emanzipation (Heidel Evangelische Ethik, 30 (1986): 421-38 GRANT, M.C., "Bertrand Russell, Dog <}-10). berg: Elpis, 1984), pp. 425-9. (at 424-26). matic Atheist", Studies in Religion, 12 KOHL, M., "The Meaning of Life and WILLIS, K., "The Adolescent Russell and KUNTZ, P.G., Chap. 8, "Russell's Reli Belief in God", Free Inquiry, I, no. 2 (1983): 71- 83. the Victorian Crisis of Faith", Russell, gion: Could His God Be the Ground of MORAN, M., "Bertrand Russell's First (Spring 1981): 20, 35· n.s. 4 (Summer 1984): 123-35. Order?" in his Bertrand Russell (Boston: SHARMA,A., "Bertrand Russell and the Short Story: The Perplexities of John 1985 Twayne, (986). Buddha: a Study in Atheistic Atti Forstice as 'Spiritual Autobiography"', ANDERSSON,S., "Russell's Influence in SECKEL, A., "The Life and Wisdom of 8 8 tudes", Journal of South Asian Litera Dalhousie Review, 63 (Winter 19 3- 4): Sweden" [Review of Fredriksson, Ber Bertrand Russell" in Bertrand Russell on ture, 16 (Winter-Spring 1981): 31-44. 575-89. trand Russell], Russell, n.s. 5 (Winter God and Religion, ed. Seckel (Buffalo: 1982 MORRIS, T.V., "Creation ex Nihilo: Some 1985-86): 169-74 (at 173-4). Prometheus, 1986), pp. 13-35. BRINK, A., "Death, Depression and Crea Considerations", International Journal BELL, R.H., "Confession and Conceal WENDEROTH,C., "The Lonely and Tragic 8 tivity: a Psychobiological Approach to for Philosophy of Religion, 14 (19 3): ment in The Autobiography of Bertrand Structure of Bertrand Russell's Bertrand Russell", Mosaic, 15 (Winter 233-9· Russell", Biography, 8 (Fall 1985): 318 Thought", Religious Humanism, 20 TURCON, S., "A Quaker Wedding: the 1982): 8<}-103 (at 99- 100). 35· (Winter 1986): 18-27. Marriage of Bertrand Russell and Alys GAUVIN, M.J., "The Bertrand Russell BLACKWELL,K., The Spinozistic Ethics of YAKOVLEV,A.A., "[The Dispute between Case", Russell, n.s. 2, no. I (Summer Pearsall Smith", Russell, n.s. 3 (Winter Bertrand Russell (London and Boston: Bertrand Russell and Frederick Coples 28 ton]", Voprosy Filosofii, no. 6 (1986): 1982): 47-58. 1983-84): 103- . Allen and Unwin, 1985), passim. HUNNINGS, G., "The Saintly Sceptic: a 1984 CLARKE,B.L., Chap. 3, "A Whiteheadian 120-4. [In Russian.] Review Article on Why I Am Not a BOWDEN,C.L., "Bertrand Russell: Lib Theodicy" in The Defense of God, ed. 1987 Christian by Bertrand Russell" , Religion eralism, Science, and Religion", Reli J.K. Roth and F. Sontag (New York: BRINK, A., "Bertrand Russell and the gious Humanism, 18 (Winter 1984): 36 Paragon House, 1985), pp. 41-2. Decline of Mysticism", Russell, n.s. 7 in Southern Africa, 3, no. I (1982): 49- 40. COWLING,M., Chap. 10, "The Revision of (Summer 1987): 42-52. 55· BRINK, A., "Bertrand Russell's Conver- Ethical Earnestness III" in his Religion KOHL, M., "Russell on the Utility of Reli LEITHAUSER, G.G., AND DYER, N.C., and Public Doctrine in Modern England, gion: Copleston's Critique", Interna "Bertrand Russell and T.S. Eliot: Their sion of 1901, or the Benefits of a Crea Vol. II: Assaults (Cambridge U.P., tional Journal for Philosophy of Religion, Dialogue", Russell, n.s. 2, no. I (Sum tive Illness", Russell, n.s. 4 (Summer 1985), pp. 266-83. 22 (1987): 69-79. mer 1982): 7- 28 (at 15)· 1984): 83-99. [This and other articles in McKENNEY, J.L., "Russell, Bertrand" in TOMASINIBASSOLS,A., "Copleston, Rus MORAN, M., "Men of Letters: Bertrand the same issue were also published as The Encyclopedia of Unbelief (Buffalo: sell y la existencia de Dios", Antologfa, Russell and Joseph Conrad", Russell, Intellect and Social Conscience, ed. M. Prometheus Books, 1985),2: 562-4 [See Mexico City, I, no. 2 (1987): 65-84. n.s. 2, no. I (Summer 1982): 29-46 . Moran and C. Spadoni (Hamilton: 8 OAKLANDER,L.N., "Does the Russellian McMaster U. Library Press, 19 4), Theory of Time Entail Fatalism?", The same pp.]