Stormwater Management and Collection System Construction

Official Publication of the Water Environment Association of Texas Stormwater Management and Collection System Construction

January 2009 Volume 26 Issue 1

Plus . . . • Texas Water 2009TM registration • Profile of expectations for 81st Legislative Session • TCEQ Considering Potential Fee Increases • Tech Talk Articles Watershed Monitoring and Social Marketing Principles Austin Downtown Wastewater Tunnel Hydraulic Design ODOR and CORROSION

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Leadership for the Water Environment Table of Contents in Texas January 2009 Volume 26 Issue 1 Texas WET is published six times a Regular Features year for the Water Environment A Message from the President 4 Association of Texas. WET Tech Talk 2619 Jones Rd, Ste. C Watershed Monitoring and Social Marketing Principles: Austin, Texas 78745 Where the Two Meet 5 512-693-0060 / Fax 512-693-0062 A Message from the Executive Director 10 WEAT Staff and Volunteers Calendar of Events 10 Editor WET Tech Talk Cheryl Smith Association Manager Austin Downtown Wastewater Tunnel Hydraulic Design 11 866-406-WEAT Highlights from the Association Office 15 [email protected] New Members 24 Advertising WEAT Section Activities 26 Christianne Castleberry Professional Directory 28 512-751-9272 WEAT Mission Statement, Officers and Committees 30 c.castleberry@ castleberryengineering.com Special Features Layout and Design Texas Water 2009 Registration 16 Marcos Torres CSI/Capital Spectrum Texas Water 2009 Golf Tournament Scholarship Fundraiser 17 512-478-3448 Eckenfelder, Ford and Englande Featured in WEAT’s [email protected] First Industrial Water Quality Workshop 18 WET Tech Talk WEAT Collections Knowledge Committee Report 19 Richard Eason WEAT Stormwater Knowledge Committee Report 19 512-261-6222, ext. 14 Rice University Professor Li to Speak at Gloyna Breakfast [email protected] During Texas Water 2009 20 Texas WET Technical Editor TCEQ Considering Potential Fee Increases for Water Programs 20 Stephen H. Jeffus, P.E. Ni Hao, Ya’ll – Texas Environmental Delegation Visits China 22 512-240-4412 Sharing Water Knowledge 23 [email protected] In Memoriam – Forrest D. Johnson 24 WEAT Website Operations Challenge Needs You 25 Bruce Wiland 512-444-3188 [email protected] On the Cover: Texas WET issues are published in Representative stream from the Upper Five Mile Creek Watershed January, March, May, July, September and November. Deadline for submitting articles is the 1st day of the Update Membership Info Online: Don’t miss your mailings. Update your member- month preceding the issue month. ship information online at www.weat.org. Go to membership, then update your membership profile. You will need your membership ID number (8 digits on WEF WE&T and WEF Highlights mailing label). Your password is your last name. 4 | Texas WET January 2009 A Message from the President

By Brad Castleberry, President

New Year, New Challenges continues to serve as an invaluable resource for public outreach on all water quality issues. Happy New Year!! It’s an exciting time to be a WEAT’s mission of education is also alive and well water quality professional. We have a new-found interest on the conference front, and we continue to host high- in infrastructure financing, there are an abundance of quality seminars. In November we held an exceptional opportunities for motivated young professionals, and conference on desalination and byproduct management. we continue to have more regulations to address. You In December we held an extremely successful conference may wonder if I’ve lost perspective here, but I believe on Industrial Water Quality Management, and were that this is the way we should look at our challenges – as fortunate to be able to provide such esteemed speakers opportunities. We all know about the concerns regarding as Dr. Wes Eckenfelder, Dr. Davis Ford, and Dr. A.J. aging infrastructure and staff, limited funding, and more Englande. Thanks to the hard work of Raj Bhattarai, this stringent regulations. We just need to find ways to turn seminar was a huge success and we look forward to more these concerns and challenges into opportunities. things to come from our Industrial Committee, chaired This year we will see one of the best cases of how by Ms. Martha Martin. to embrace opportunity as we witness the inauguration In January we will host our 217 Implementation of our 44th President of the United States of America. seminar in conjunction with TCEQ, TWUA, and ASCE, Only in America can such potential exist, and only in and in April we will host our annual joint conference America can we continue to embrace opportunities in with TAWWA, Texas WaterTM. This year we have an such a positive and democratic manner. This is one of exceptional technical program for Texas WaterTM, and I the things that makes our country, and our great state of suspect record attendance as we continue to put on not Texas, such a wonderful place to live. only the largest, but the best, regional water conference So as you embark upon this New Year, think of in the country. opportunities when you see challenges. Think of the So as we move into 2009, let’s continue to think little things you can do to help meet our industry’s positively. Let’s continue to do good things to further challenges and make a difference. If you are a manager our mission of educational excellence and environmental or senior staff member, take an extra minute to mentor stewardship. Sure we have challenges, and many of someone working for you. Make a point to share some them are significant, but if we continue to look at of your knowledge as an expert. If you are a younger staff these challenges as opportunities, and we continue member, listen. Ask more questions and become more our momentum on education and outreach, we will vested in your profession. It is essential to our economy eventually make a significant difference in perception of and to the continuation of public health and welfare. the value of water and wastewater services and the need If you find yourself at a public event, take a minute to to invest in our infrastructure and our talent pool of introduce yourself to someone and explain what you professionals. With a new year comes new opportunities, do for a living. Explain how important it is to have and I encourage each and every one of you to embrace adequate water and wastewater treatment. And explain these challenges along the way. how such treatment is not free, nor does it last forever Here’s wishing you Best Wishes and continued prosperity for once constructed. Take time to volunteer to speak at the New Year! As the New Year starts to unfold, many of us hold a neighborhood meeting, your child’s school, or some a list of resolutions we wish to keep. I hope all of you will resolve to give us your feedback on the technical articles featured in the other public function to share your knowledge and WET Tech Talk. There is an abundance of innovation and ingenuity impress upon others the value of what we all do for a displayed every day in our WEAT and Texas colleagues approach to living. Water Quality issues. In Texas WET, we hope to give you a glimpse There’s no doubt that this New Year will bring into some of those leading edge interesting projects and concepts through the technical articles. Please give us your thoughts. Are the new challenges for our industry. At the same time we articles interesting? Are they educational? Do they inform? Let us usher in a new federal administration, we also have the know when we hit the mark….and when we miss. Texas Legislature convening (see Batterton article p.10 This month’s articles include an overview at a project that aims for details). Establishing good public policy based on to increase the effectiveness of watershed monitoring by employing the concept of social marketing principles and a report on the process sound science is important, and WEAT has committed of designing a large underground wastewater tunnel in downtown resources to ensure just that. During the Interim Hearing Austin. on Water Financing in October, WEAT provided state Please send your comments to Stephen H. Jeffus, PE, WEAT legislators with information developed by the Liquid Publications Committee member and Texas WET Technical Editor. AssetsTM campaign, and a portion of the documentary Stephen can be reached at [email protected] or 214.240.4412. that has been airing across the State all fall was shown Sincerely, during this hearing. Our Public Communications and Stephen H. Jeffus, P.E. Outreach Committee, chaired by Glenn Clingenpeel, WEAT Publications Committee member Texas WET Technical Editor January 2009 Texas WET | 5 WET Tech Talk

Watershed Monitoring and Social research in the social sciences that demonstrates that Marketing Principles: Where the behavior change is most effectively achieved through Two Meet initiatives delivered at the community level that focus By Elizabeth Turner and Sandra Obregon-Mitchell on removing barriers to an activity while simultaneously City of Dallas Stormwater Management enhancing the activity’s benefits. Community-based social marketing involves four steps: 1) Identifying Introduction the barriers and benefits to an activity, 2) Developing The City of Dallas is the third largest city in Texas, a strategy that utilizes “tools” that have been shown covering over 380 square miles. It has 17 lakes and to be effective in changing behavior, 3) Piloting the 4400 acres of water. The City of Dallas, a Phase I strategy, and 4) Evaluating the strategy once it has been Municipal Separate Stormwater Sewer System (MS4) implemented across a community. Successful elements entity, is responsible for the management of stormwater of this approach include the identification of what the quality regulatory requirements including: monitoring educational program efforts are to achieve (i.e. the of storm and surface water quality; pollutant runoff goals) and the target audience. This approach prevents control, construction and industrial storm water the scatter-shot effect of random educational efforts that inspections and enforcement; storm water capital make it difficult to measure the efficacy of the campaign. improvements; storm water drainage system operations and maintenance; flood control; and storm water Upper Five Mile Creek Watershed public involvement and education. Like other Phase City of Dallas Stormwater Management is piloting a I and Phase II MS4 communities, the City of Dallas community-based social marketing (CBSM) strategy in a needs quantifiable information to meet mandatory portion of a targeted community. The goal of the project stormwater permit requirements and to develop our is to determine the effectiveness of CBSM in changing stormwater management budget. Monitoring to track behaviors in regards to stormwater and improving water the effectiveness of local stormwater programs is one quality. Given the high cost of implementing many of the best ways to collect such information, such programs, it is essential to know that a strategy will work as determining what pollutants need to be targeted, identifying the sources of pollutants and demonstrating which practices can best control pollutant sources. Addressing complex environmental issues, such as stormwater management, requires a combination of technical programs, best management practices and a vigorous and targeted education strategy. Effective education programs are ones that apply the outcomes- based principles of situation analysis, audience targeting, and a focus on the desired behavior changes, not the ‘products’ of a typical outreach or public relations program. Using outcomes-based education principles means focusing on desired outcomes of an educational outreach program (i.e., behavior change), not just the immediate outputs (i.e., factsheets, workshops and billboards). Programs must go beyond making people aware of the problem and rather should focus on changing critical behaviors. Most initiatives to foster sustainable behavior rely upon large-scale information campaigns that utilize education and/ or advertising to encourage behavior change. While education and advertising can be effective in creating public awareness about stormwater and in changing attitudes, numerous studies show that behavior change rarely occurs as a result of simply providing information (McKenzie-Mohr, Doug & Smith, William,1999). Community-based social marketing is an attractive alternative to information-based campaigns. Community-based social marketing is based upon 6 | Texas WET January 2009 before it is implemented on a large scale. The project permit requirements determined that the data were will cover a three year period. Year one of the program insufficient to adequately determine the water quality will focus on developing a water quality baseline and issues specific to UFIV. Year one of the three year pilot identifying water quality issues specific to the selected project has been spent performing intensive water community. Outreach efforts will occur during year two quality monitoring to develop a water quality baseline along with continued monitoring. Monitoring efforts and determine specific water quality issues. Monthly will continue in year three. A comparison of water dry weather samples are collected from six sites in the quality monitoring data pre and post outreach activities UFIV watershed. In addition, semi-annual wet weather and participation of residents through selected social monitoring is scheduled at two sites. Dry weather and marketing techniques will provide a measure of the wet weather sampling provide a clearer picture of the effectiveness of the campaign. relative pollutant contributions of continuous point The City of Dallas contains within its borders all source inputs and episodic non-point source impacts. or parts of 38 different watersheds. The watersheds Sample locations are mapped in Figure 1. Sample are of various sizes and contain numerous potential sites were selected to represent inputs from residential, point and non-point pollution sources. During 2007, industrial, commercial and airport activities. Information the watersheds were evaluated to identify high risk and on sampling sites is in Table 1. high priority areas. The watershed area in acreage, potential point sources, number of illicit discharges detected for the calendar year 2006, the amount of Site Water Body Associated Land Use potential industrial effects (number of square acres of industrial use land within the watershed and number of Fiv D Five Mile Creek Residential industrial sites within the watershed), and the amount Fiv E Five Mile Creek Industrial of potential commercial affects (number of square Cro A Crow Creek Residential, Airport acres of commercial use land within the watershed) Woo A Woody Creek Residential, Commercial were all taken into account in order to determine which watersheds were most likely to receive illicit discharges. Ric B Rickett’s Branch Residential Upper Five Mile Creek Watershed (UFIV) was identified Fiv C Five Mile Creek All for this project based on potential for illicit discharges, size, location, watershed activities and previous outreach Table 1. UFIV Sampling Sites campaigns in other watersheds. UFIV covers 24,500 acres in southwest Dallas. There are approximately 170 Water Quality Monitoring industrial sites covering 1250 acres and over 600 acres The initial water quality hypothesis was that the designated as commercial. The watershed contains over watershed would be heavily impacted by residential 5200 inlets and over 1300 outfalls. use of fertilizers and herbicides / pesticides. Since the watershed has varied land uses, the National Stormwater Quality Database was consulted to assist in selecting monitoring parameters associated with residential, commercial, industrial, roadway and open space land use. Samples were analyzed for nutrients, pathogens, herbicides, pesticides, oil and grease, surfactants, pH, dissolved oxygen, suspended solids, conductivity and heavy metals (Figure 2). Physical characteristics such as flow and habitat assessment were documented. Macroinvertebrates were collected on two occasions at sites Fiv C and Fiv D to determine the aquatic life use of the creek.

Figure 1: Map of Upper Five Mile Creek Watershed

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The Aquatic Life Use of each biological in discharges from sewage treatment works. They also monitoring site was determined by using the Benthic have agricultural applications in pesticides, dilutants Macroinvertebrate Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI). and dispersants. Surfactants negatively impact surface The macroinvertebrate community is extremely waters. For example, high levels of surfactants increase diverse, represented by different genera with various fish mortality by attaching to the gills and impairing gill feeding strategies. The pollution tolerance levels of function. macroinvertebrates range from very high (10), indicating a capacity to withstand considerable pollution levels, to very low (1), indicating the organism is highly intolerant of pollution. There are twelve biological metrics calculated from the insect identifications for each station. These twelve biometrics are interim calculations, which are assigned a score based on the associated value for each biometric. The values are tabulated for a total score, independent of the reference site, that indicates the aquatic life use. The sites in the Upper Five Mile Creek Watershed compliance sites received an Aquatic Life Use (ALU) score of Limited in the spring monitoring event and an ALU rating of Intermediate during the summer monitoring event. This is consistent with the Aquatic Life Use results for the watershed for the past three years. Four water quality issues were identified in the Figure 3: Surfactant Levels in UFIV watershed: nitrogen, phosphorous, surfactants and E. coli. Nitrogen levels at all sites peaked in the spring. The nitrate-nitrite results were < 1 mg/L for all sites except High levels of E. coli, a species of coliform bacteria, during April when results were as high as 5.8 mg/L. were detected in the summer months. Applicable State of The primary source of inorganic nitrogen in water is Texas water quality criteria for contact recreation use in fertilizer containing ammonium or potassium nitrate. freshwater state that the geometric mean concentration High nitrogen results in the spring are usually indicative for E. coli should not exceed 126 colony forming units of excessive fertilizer use. High nitrogen levels impair (cfu) per 100 ml and the single sample concentration surface water by promoting eutrophication. should not exceed 394 cfu per 100 ml in greater than Phosphorous levels varied for each site throughout 25% of the individual samples (TCEQ 2006). All water the monitoring period. However, the increased bodies in Texas are designated for Contact Recreation phosphorous levels did not correlate with the nitrogen Use unless specifically designated otherwise. The E. data, the anionic surfactant data or the bacteria coli geometric mean of the samples collected in UFIV data. Phosphorus gets into water in both urban and is 492.8. Forty-seven percent of the E. coli samples agricultural settings. Phosphorus tends to attach to exceeded the single sample criteria. Source tracking of soil particles and, thus, moves into surface-water E. coli in Dallas indicate that avian and wildlife sources bodies from runoff. Soil erosion is a major contributor account for 44% of the E. coli, human activities are 24% of phosphorus to streams. Phosphorus is a common and pets account for another 15% of the E. coli bacteria constituent of agricultural fertilizers, manure, and (TCEQ, 2006). organic wastes in sewage and industrial effluent. Phosphorous is the limiting nutrient for algae. Elevated Outreach Activities phosphorous levels promote eutrophication of surface Stormwater Management’s outreach will focus water. on education and the identification and elimination Anionic surfactants were detected in UFIV, displaying of “barriers” based on the findings determined by a seasonal fluctuation with peak values occurring in monitoring data, the geographic area and target the summer (Figure 3). Surfactants were detected at all audiences in the area. To date, the areas of highest sites. Base concentrations of surfactants were between report are surfactants and phosphates. Surfactants 0.2 – 0.5 mg/L. Concentrations peaked at 1.5 mg/L in are largely attributed to detergents and soaping agents; June. The July RIC b sample concentration of 2.7 mg/L there are a number of car wash businesses in the area, is associated with an illicit discharge event. Anionic although not enough to be solely responsible for the surfactants are anthrogenic and were not expected to numbers generated. Another possible source could be detected at any significant level. There are many be residential car washing. Additional research must sources of surfactants that are discharged into natural be conducted to narrow the target audience to impart waters. Industrial sources include textile surfactants the most salient message(s). Community based social and detergent formulations. Surfactants are also used marketing explains that the dissemination of information in laundries and households and are therefore found must not only educate but foster sustainable behavioral January 2009 Texas WET | 9 change. The approach must include sound, non- refined until it is effective. Further, a pilot study allows complicated methods of change but explain the benefits alternative methods for carrying out a project to be to the audience of said changes. tested against one another and the most cost-effective In the case of phosphates, the use or perhaps method to be determined. Finally, conducting a pilot overuse of lawn and garden amendments could be can be a crucial step in demonstrating to funders the a distinct possibility for the spike in numbers. The worthiness of implementing a program on a broad scale. residential population would be a logical contributor, as well as landscaped commercial businesses. References In both of the aforementioned cases, a direct McKenzie-Mohr, Doug & Smith, William (1999). approach would be employed on a select albeit saturated Fostering Sustainable Behavior: An Introduction to area. When considering effective outreach efforts, Community-based Social Marketing. Gabriola Island, understanding the audience is key. Behavioral change is B.C.: New Society. the largest objective and overcoming obstacles is critical. The determination of the obstacles can often be one of Law, Neely, Fraley-McNeal, Lisa, Cappiella, Karen the most time consuming aspects of Community Based and Pitt, Robert.(2008) Monitoring to Demonstrate Social Marketing. Environmental Results: Guidance to Develop Local Research data regarding social marketing indicates Stormwater Monitoring Studies Using Six Example Study that a useful and effective approach includes canvassing Designs. residential areas to provide personal interaction with the target audience about the issues at hand in conjunction Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. (2006) with passive marketing such as door hangers that Monitoring Report for Bacterial Source Tracking include a positive message. In the cases of commercial Segments 0806, 0841, and 0805 of the Trinity River or business areas, a letter employing a more “official” Bacteria TMDL. tone has proven to be effective in the beginning of environmental education.

Good Services, Ideas and Recognizing Problems Good programs and services are paramount to a successful social marketing program; a viable, sustainable and attainable message is necessary for cultural change. Social marketing recognizes the fine line between saturating the market for message efficacy and the concern of habituating a repeated message. For instance, one can read a new sticker placed by a light switch reminding us to conserve electricity by turning off the light but eventually that sticker can become a visual habit and the message no longer has the potency as before. In the same order, the outreach team must understand the community and the cultural changes that may take place over time, some examples may be new development in the area or environmental impacts such as drought or flooding. The message that worked in the past may no longer carry the same gravity in the future.

Conclusion Although the pilot study is not yet complete, the City of Dallas believes that community-based social marketing is a collaborative effort in which when other municipalities participate we all benefit. The preparation for a successful study takes time to plan and budget. It is important to have a thorough understanding of the water quality issues specific to a geographical area. Water quality improvement or degradation is a more appropriate measure of the effectiveness of an outreach campaign than the number of brochures distributed. The City of Dallas estimates that the pilot study will cost approximately $155,000 not including personnel time. The bulk of the cost is associated with monitoring costs. Conducting a pilot study allows a program to be 10 | Texas WET January 2009 A Message from the Executive Director

By Carol Batterton, Executive Director

Legislative Update 2, and noncontact recreation. All classified segments will be designated primary contact; however other categories Pre-filing of bills for the 81st session of the Texas may be applied based on a use attainability analysis. All Legislature began on November 10, 2008. Some of the existing segments designated as noncontact will remain early filed bills that WEAT is tracking include: noncontact. l HB 323 by Rep. Richard Raymond of Laredo. Primary contact designation is also proposed for This bill would require all publicly owned unclassified water bodies. However, secondary contact treatment works (POTW) to sample unauthorized 1 will apply to streams where primary contact recreation discharges by means of a gas chromatograph. The is unlikely to occur, where the channel is less than 0.5 POTW would then be required to notify the meters deep and substantial pools greater than 1.0 meter TCEQ and the TCEQ may require the POTW to deep do not occur. Secondary contact 2 and noncontact provide a sample of the discharge. Under this bill, standards can be applied on a site specific basis after a the TCEQ is required to provide training to use attainability analysis. the POTW in maintaining and calibrating the gas With respect to nutrient criteria, the USEPA is chromatograph. A version of this bill was filed in requiring TCEQ to develop numerical criteria for the last legislative session. nutrients. TCEQ has submitted a plan to EPA that calls l SB 124 by Sen. Rodney Ellis of Houston. This for development of criteria for reservoirs first, the rivers bill requires any person applying for a new permit and estuaries. TCEQ is proposing to establish criteria for or an expansion of an existing facility to file a chlorophyll a for reservoirs based on historical data. The report with the TCEQ stating whether the facility criteria will be applied as a median long term average for is to be located in an environmental justice the main body of the reservoir and secondary screening community. If the new or expanded facility is in criteria for total phosphorus will also be established. an environmental justice community, then the Jennifer Benaman will be leading WEAT’s Watershed applicant must prepare a public participation plan Management Committee in review and comment on which meets requirements specified in the bill. these proposals. The stakeholder meeting agenda and l SB 213 by Sen. Elliott Shapleigh of El Paso. back up documents can be found at: Sen. Shapleigh’s bill requires the TCEQ to develop http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/permitting/water_quality/ by rule a uniform manifesting system for any stakeholders/swqsawg.html person who generates, collects, conveys, transports, or processes municipal “sewage CALENDAR OF EVENTS sludge”, grit trap waste, or grease trap waste. 2009 A version of this bill has also been filed in previous January 9 WEAT Executive Board Meeting, sessions. Moody Gardens, Galveston, TX l SB 221 by Sen. Robert Nichols of Jacksonville. This bill requires publicly owned retail utilities January 15 Houston/Galveston Section Meeting, to maintain onsite automatically starting auxiliary Houston, TX generators capable of ensuring the operation of January 20 Austin Section Meeting, Austin, TX the utility’s water and wastewater system during January 21 Longview/Tyler/Texarkana Section an extended power outage. We expect to see Meeting, Kilgore, TX additional bills on back-up power filed as a result January 23 217 Implementation Workshop, of experiences from Hurricane Ike. San Antonio, TX Water Quality Standards February 10 NTS Seminar - Sustainability: Making TCEQ covered two days of stakeholder meetings on Your Brown… Greener, Dallas, TX January 6 and 7, 2009, to present their latest proposals February 13 Legislative Workshop, Austin, TX for revised surface water quality standards. WEAT has March 19 Houston/Galveston Section Meeting, been actively engaged in this revision process and has Houston, TX advocated for changes to the recreational standards April 14-17 Texas Water 2009, Galveston, TX and bacteria criteria as well as the implementation May 21 Houston/Galveston Section Meeting, procedures for sub-lethal WET limits. Houston, TX TCEQ’s proposals include expansion of the recreational August 24&25 CMOM Workshop, Austin Tx standards and bacteria criteria from two categories August 27&28 Odor and Corrosion and Biosolids to four. Proposed new recreational use categories are Conference, San Marcos, TX primary contact, secondary contact 1, secondary contact November 5&6 FROG Workshop, Houston, TX January 2009 Texas WET | 11 WET Tech Talk

Austin Downtown Wastewater Tunnel peak wet weather flow may be 18 times greater than the Hydraulic Design average dry weather flow (DWF), based on wastewater By Eric J. Dawson, P.E. Parsons model projections. The design flows for the two most Steven W. Schrader, P.E. downstream interceptor segments of the DTT are shown Austin Water Utility in Table 1. The design flows in Table 1 include peak wet Introduction weather flow (PWWF), peak dry weather flow (PDWF), The City of Austin downtown urban core experienced average dry weather flow (ADWF), and minimum dry significant growth in the past 10 years, and significant weather flow (Min. DWF). growth continues. Due to the resulting increase in Table 1 – 2060 and 2010 Design Flows 2060 Flows 2010 Flows wastewater flows, the existing wastewater infrastructure Tunnel Section PWWF PDWF ADWF PDWF ADWF Min. DWF serving the downtown area is rapidly reaching capacity. (MGD) (MGD) (MGD) (MGD) (MGD) (MGD) 1 88.6 23.4 18.0 5.6 4.3 1.9 In 2000, the City of Austin authorized a study to (Comal to Krieg) 2 58.4 13.4 10.3 5.6 4.3 1.9 determine means of addressing the capacity issues, and (Riverside to Comal) in 2006 authorized design of a deep tunnel to intercept wastewater from the downtown area. Table 1: 2060 and 2010 Design Flows The Downtown Wastewater Tunnel (DTT), a deep tunnel sewer, was selected as the most favorable way to Given a slope, the size of the sewer is determined reestablish flow capacity in the downtown sewer system. based on the peak design flow rate, PWWF in this The tunnel will intercept wastewater flows upstream case. This may result in a pipe that is greatly oversized of the downtown area, receive flow from an existing for the early year DWFs, and may result in low flow tunnel sewer that currently terminates in a lift station, velocities. Low flow velocities can allow sedimentation of and discharge into an exiting downstream wastewater wastewater solids, which can increase the production of corrosive and odorous gases, and in some extreme cases tunnel. This provides additional sewer capacity for the Texas Ad:Layout 1 12/9/08 1:37 PM Page 1 downtown area, and avoids disruptive construction can reduce the capacity of a pipe. As a result, design of through highly congested urban areas. The existing upstream and downstream tunnels define the range of elevations and possible grades for the proposed deep tunnel interceptor. The proposed route and profile for the deep tunnel interceptor are shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Austin Downtown Wastewater Tunnel Alignment

A tunnel interceptor sewer is a significant investment with a design life of 50 years, and an expected service life of 100 years or more. Because of the large investment and long service life, it is necessary to design a tunnel sewer for flows far into the future. A tunnel sewer needs to function in the early years, right after it is constructed, as well as many years in the future, when flows are likely to be much greater. This difference in flows is amplified if there are significant wet weather inflows to the sanitary sewer system. A future peak wet weather flow will likely be much greater than an early year dry weather average or peak flow. In the case of the DTT, the 12 | Texas WET January 2009 a sewer tunnel must consider both high ultimate peak capacity of the pipe. The projected pipe material for flows, as well as low DWFs that will occur during the the DTT is centrifugally cast fiberglass reinforced pipe early years of operation. (CCFRP) or another material with a smooth inner surface. Manufacturers’ information indicates that Design Criteria Manning’s n values for CCFRP can be as low as 0.0105, Flow Depth but it is unclear if it would be reasonable to expect such The DTT will be a gravity flow pipe rather than a low Manning’s n value over the life of the pipe. For a pressure flow pipe. Gravity flow was selected over the basis of this paper, a Manning’s n value of 0.013 has pressure flow to avoid the need for ventilation of the pipe been selected for the design calculations. Sewer pipes along the route, and to avoid the potential for unstable in general have typical Manning’s n values ranging from hydraulic conditions as flow transitions from partial to 0.011 – 0.015. A Manning’s n value of 0.013 is also full pipe flow, and back again. This means the pipe will specified as the TAC’s minimum acceptable value for be designed to flow partially full, even at peak flow, and design and construction of a sewage collection system. will not be full or surcharged under normal operating This value was selected to be representative of the pipe conditions. Standard guidance for a large diameter condition during the latter years of operation. gravity flow pipes is to select slopes and diameters so the depth of flow in the pipe does not exceed 75 percent Design Constraints of the pipe diameter (ASCE 1982). The excess depth The best conditions for tunneling occur in the provides reserve capacity and helps prevent major flow rock formations that underlie alluvial soil deposits. In instabilities that can occur as flow transitions from particular, it is important to avoid a profile that passes partial to full pipe flow. back and forth between rock and soil. The downstream Flow Velocity end of the gravity flow interceptor sewer is an existing Wastewater within collection systems tends to be tunnel, which is below the rock/soil interface and fixes anaerobic (i.e., lacking free oxygen). Anaerobic bacteria the maximum possible depth for the tunnel. The tie-in to metabolize sulfate, converting sulfate ions to sulfides, the existing tunnel sewer is below the rock/soil interface, which can be released from the wastewater as hydrogen but is relatively near in terms of tunnel diameters. Since sulfide (H2S) gas under certain conditions. Hydrogen the elevation of the rock/soil interface is irregular, sulfide is an odorous compound with a rotten egg maintaining a clear space between the tunnel and rock/ smell that is a common cause of odor complaints from soil interface is advisable. As a result, from a tunnel wastewater facilities. Additionally, vapor phase hydrogen construction perspective, having a flat slope reduces sulfide can be aerobically oxidized to form sulfuric potential risk and cost. acid. Sulfuric acid can significantly damage sewer Having a flat slope on a sewer line can be main infrastructure not designed for acidic (low pH) problematic due to increased potential for sedimentation environments, such as unprotected concrete and ferrous and increased residence times, which can contribute to materials. The sulfide-producing bacteria inhabit the odor and corrosion problems. The problems of having slime layer on the inside of pipes. Settled solids provide a flat slope are compounded by the large pipe diameters more anaerobic surface area for the H2S-generating required for the year 2060 PWWF, and the low DWFs for bacteria to inhabit and, therefore, increase H2S the early years of operation. production. Accordingly, sewer mains are designed to ensure that scouring (i.e., self-cleaning) velocities occur Design Analysis to minimize the accumulation of solids and thereby Typically, wastewater is not generated at a steady reduce sulfide production. rate, but rather is generated with periods of high and The Texas Administrative Code (TAC) (Title 30, Part low flows throughout each day. It is common to have 1, Chapter 318, Rule 317.2) specifies that a minimum periods each day where flows are low enough that velocity of 2 feet per second (ft/s) must be satisfied sedimentation may occur, and conversely, periods of assuming a pipe is flowing full. The City of Austin high velocities that may scour away settled solids. In Utilities Criteria Manual (Section 2.9.3.B.3) requires a properly designed pipe, this diurnal variance in flows the minimum design velocity be greater than 2 ft/s for prevents the accumulation of solids. the PDWF condition to control sedimentation and The DTT is expected to convey wet weather flows accumulation of solids. Additionally, the City of Austin significantly greater than DWFs. Additionally, during the Utilities Criteria Manual specifies that the maximum early years of operation, DWFs will be significantly less design velocity calculated for PWWF should not exceed than future DWFs. The result is that the tunnel carrier 10 ft/s, since higher velocities can erode the interior pipe pipe will be significantly oversized for the early years of surfaces. The high velocity limit was not a concern for operation. Therefore, the near-term flow conditions the DTT due to flat slopes. must be examined to assess the likelihood for deposition A key design criterion is selection of an appropriate of wastewater solids. Manning’s n value, since this parameter has a significant The hydraulic design of the interceptor comprises effect on the calculated flow velocity and hydraulic two steps: First, the carrier pipe must be sized based January 2009 Texas WET | 13 on expected PWWF for year 2060. Second, flows and velocities for year 2010 must be evaluated for the likelihood of deposition and accumulation of sewage solids. If slope constraints do not provide flow velocities sufficient to prevent sedimentation, additional means may be necessary to prevent solids accumulation or to mitigate the effects of sedimentation. Possibilities for prevention of solids accumulation can include measures to periodically clean or flush the sewer line. This can also include the installation of a cunette in the bottom of the pipe, which is a smaller flow channel installed in the pipe designed for the low flow rates (Figure 2).

Figure 2: Cunette Example

Adding a cunette to the bottom of the carrier would confine low flows to a smaller cross-section, but would not increase the slope, and would not be particularly effective in increasing the flow velocity. At a minimum, a cunette would be effective in consolidating accumulated solids in a smaller area, which would facilitate cleaning or flushing. Incorporating a cunette in the carrier pipe would increase the cost and complexity of construction. Additionally, the benches for the cunette may tend to collect debris during interim years operation when the depth of flow is approximately the same as the depth of the cunette. Instituting periodic cleaning or flushing would increase the operation and maintenance effort and cost required for the interceptor. A cleaning program would require a subcontract or commitment of maintenance personnel. Cleaning would likely be effective at removing accumulated solids, but costs might be prohibitive depending on the required frequency. Flushing could also be used to remove accumulated solids, but would require a source of water and/or a mechanism to retain wastewater to be used for flushing. The mechanisms for flushing would increase the maintenance required for the interceptor. Additionally, the distance between access shafts on the interceptor sewer is relatively long, and the effectiveness of flushing with pulses of water decreases with increasing pipe length. Another approach to managing accumulated solids would be to mitigate the resulting odor and corrosion 14 | Texas WET January 2009 Table 2 – PWWF Design Condition in 2060

Tunnel Section Pipe Dia Pipe Slope PWWF Pipe Percent Velocity (Inches) (ft/ft) (MGD) Filled (ft/s) 1 90 0.0005 88.6 67 4.3 2 78 0.0005 58.4 66 3.9

Table 2: PWWF Design Condition in 2060 Table 3 – Dry Weather Flow Rates and Velocities for 2060

Tunnel Section Pipe Dia PDWF Velocity for ADWF Velocity for (Inches) (MGD) PDWF (MGD) ADWF (ft/s) (ft/s) 1 90 23.4 3.1 18.0 2.9 2 78 13.4 2.8 10.3 2.5

Table 3: Dry Weather Flow Rates and Velocities for 2060 Table 4 – Flow Rates and Velocities for 2010

Tunnel Pipe Dia PDWF Velocity for ADWF Velocity Min. DWF Velocity for Section (Inches) (MGD) PDWF (MGD) for ADWF (MGD) Min. DWF (ft/s) (ft/s) (ft/s) 1 90 5.6 2.0 4.3 1.9 1.9 1.5 2 78 5.6 2.1 4.3 1.9 1.9 1.5 Table 4: Flow Rates and Velocities for 2010 effects. This would be done by using corrosion-resistant 2010 Flow Analysis construction materials for pipes and access shafts, and/ As can be seen in Table 4, the velocities in 2010 are or ventilating and treating headspace vapors from the equal to or greater than 2 ft/s for PDWF. The velocities system. Ventilating the DTT alone was not considered at ADWF and minimum DWF are less than 2 ft/s, which to be a feasible alternative, but a study is planned to indicates that short term accumulation of sewage solids examine odor control and ventilation of the combined may occur, but the higher PDWFs are expected to be interceptor tunnel and downstream tunnel system. sufficient to re-suspend the solids. As a result, solids Because of the difficulties and costs associated with accumulation is not expected to be a significant problem flushing and cleaning, using cunettes, and ventilating, during the early, low flow years of operation. it was decided to use corrosion-resistant materials and coatings to mitigate low levels of hydrogen sulfide, and Reference to use a slope steep enough to maintain daily “cleansing” ASCE. 1982. Gravity Sanitary Sewer Design velocities to prevent solids accumulation and attendant and Construction, ASCE Manuals and Reports on excessive hydrogen sulfide production. Engineering Practice – NO. 60, WPCF – Manual of 2060 Flow Analysis Practice – NO. FD-5. The minimum pipe diameters needed for year 2060 PWWFs are summarized in Table 2, along with the pipe slope, velocity, and percentage of the pipe diameter that is filled for the given flow rate. Table 3 provides velocity for PDWFs and ADWFs for year 2060. The minimum Advertising Account Manager Needed slope to be used for the interceptor has been defined as

0.05 percent, or 0.0005 feet / foot. This slope matches WEAT is seeking a motivated individual the slope of an existing COA wastewater tunnel that has not had significant sedimentation problems, and to solicit and manage the advertising accounts represents a balance between keeping the tunnel as deep for this magazine Texas WET. as possible, maintaining sufficient DWF velocities, and Commission paid. ease of construction. As can be seen in Tables 2 and 3, Contact Richard Eason at the flow velocities are all significantly greater than 2 ft/s [email protected] or 512-431-6552 for year 2060. January 2009 Texas WET | 15 Highlights from the Association Office

By Cheryl Smith, Association Manager

The Water Environment Association of Texas wishes If you are not on their email list, please contact your all its members a Happy New Year from the Board of local section representative and get on the email list. Directors, Section Representatives, Committee members Make the New Year your opportunity to get involved and staff. 2008 has been a busy year for WEAT with with your section and association. We are always seeking a lot of changes taking place. If you have not been on volunteers. the newly redesigned WEAT website, you should take a look. The site is still a work in progress but we are Some of the activities scheduled for 2009 are: definitely making headway in making our site a great January 23, 2009 – 217 Implementation Workshop resource. WEAT’s website was recently praised in the in San Antonio, TX WEF Highlights. WEAT has added a new part-time staff February 10, 2009 – Sustainability: person to the WEAT office, Julie Naghnand. Julie started Making your Brown… Greener in Dallas, TX in November and will be handling administrative duties. April 14-17, 2009 - Texas Water 2009 in I would also like to thank Margaret Cathey, Lakeway Galveston, TX MUD, who has been handling the processing of checks August 24&25, 2009 – CMOM Workshop in and financial statements along with proofreading, Austin, TX Bruce Wiland, who is our webmaster, Christianne November 5&6, 2009 – FROG Workshop in Castleberry, Texas WET Advertising Coordinator, and Houston, TX Carol Batterton, WEAT’s Executive Director. I could not October 10-14 – WEFTEC in Orlando, FL be proficient in my scope of duties at WEAT without all Another year has come and gone and WEAT has these folks. Thank you so much. done so much growth this past year and we will continue to grow and offer educational opportunities, legislative WEAT is very proud of the TRA CReWSers who awareness, networking opportunities, mentoring our won the 1st Place Award in the National Operations young professionals and much more in the years ahead. Challenge Event at WEFTEC this year. This is the If WEAT can be of service to you, please call us toll free CReWSers third win for the title. They won in 2005, 2006 at 866-406-WEAT (9328) or email me at and 2008. They do Texas proud along with all the other [email protected]. teams that competed.

Listed below are a recap of conferences, seminars, and workshops that WEAT offered to its members this year. January 24-25, 2008 – Pipeline Design Specialty Conference in Houston, TX February 12, 2008 – 217 Seminar in Dallas, TX March 25-28, 2008 – Texas Water 2008 in San Antonio, TX April 15, 2008 – Back to Basics Northeast Texas Section Seminar in Tyler, TX May 1-3, 2008 – WEFMAX Meeting and YP Summit in Austin, TX August 11-12, 2008 – CMOM Workshop in Austin, TX October 20, 2008 – Texas Reception at WEFTEC in Chicago, IL November 5-6, 2008 – Brackish Groundwater Desalination Conference in El Paso, TX December 4, 2008 – Industrial Water Quality Workshop in Houston, TX December 11&12, 2008 – Improving Your Biosolids Program Workshops in Austin and Dallas, TX

If you did not attend at least one of these events this year, you missed out. Don’t forget all the sections that conduct meetings with speakers and social events.

18 | Texas WET January 2009 Eckenfelder, Ford and Englande Featured in WEAT’s First Industrial Water Quality Workshop

Dr. W. Wesley Eckenfelder, professor emeritus American Academy of Environmental Engineers and his of civil and environmental engineering at Vanderbilt international activities have resulted in recognition by University and one of the world’s foremost authorities the International Water Association (IWA) and the Royal on wastewater treatment and industrial water quality Family of Thailand. management, and his book Industrial Water Quality, 4th This was the first workshop that exclusively featured Edition were the star attractions at WEAT’s Industrial the book Industrial Water Quality, 4th Edition and according Water Quality Workshop in Houston on December 4, to the book’s authors, WEAT’s workshop format will 2008. Dr. Eckenfleder, who has had an illustrious career serve as the model for future Industrial Water Quality in environmental engineering spanning six decades, workshops that many WEF Member Associations plan is the Technical Director of Wastewater Services & to hold in other states in the U.S. and in several foreign Innovative Technologies for AquAeTer. He has authored countries. or coauthored 24 books and over 200 scientific and The one-day workshop, organized by WEAT and held technical papers. Dr. Eckenfelder is the recipient of in association with the Southwest Section of the Air and 30 national and international awards, including the Waste Management Association, the Gulf Coast Waste lifetime achievement award from the Water Environment Disposal Authority and the City of Houston, was the first Federation and the Pillars of the Profession Award from industrial water quality-related event organized by WEAT WEAT. Joining Dr. Eckenfelder in making presentations in many years and drew approximately 90 attendees. at the workshop were his co-authors on the book About a third of the attendees were from a variety of Industrial Water Quality, 4th Edition – Dr. Davis L. Ford and industries, another third from consulting firms and the Dr. Andrew J. Englande, Jr. remaining third from municipal utilities, river authorities Dr. Ford is the president and regulatory agencies. Each attendee received a of Davis L. Ford & Associates copy of the book Industrial Water Quality, 4th Edition. All and is a multinational expert attendees appreciated the inclusion of the book with and consultant in industrial the cost of the workshop registration. A few attendees wastewater treatment and also purchased extra copies of the book for their friends environmental engineering. and colleagues. The 4th edition classic book was the He has consulted with over runaway bestseller at the WEFTEC in Chicago in October 200 industries worldwide 2008 and is priced at $160. The book’s three authors, specializing in chemical, who are recognized experts in their field, conducted the petroleum, petrochemical workshop, made presentations, described case studies, Dr. Davis L. Ford and manufacturing-related answered questions and autographed the books for the environmental issues. Dr. Ford attendees. According to the majority of the attendees, is a Distinguished Alumnus of both Texas A&M University the workshop was highly successful and they benefitted a and the University of Texas at Austin, where he currently great deal by attending the workshop. serves as Adjunct Professor. He also is past president of Watch for more WEAT-organized industry-related the American Academy of Environmental Engineers and a workshops and seminars in the future. If you are member of the National Academy of Engineering. interested in purchasing copies of the book Industrial Dr. Englande is a Water Quality, 4th Edition, please e-mail Cheryl Smith at professor in the Department [email protected] or call her at 512-693-0060. of Environmental Health Sciences at Tulane University’s School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. Dr. Englande has authored over 150 scientific papers and has consulted with international governments and industries throughout his professional Dr. Andrew J. Englande, Jr. career. He is a Fulbright Scholar and has received numerous academic and professional awards throughout his career, including a Champion of Public Health Award. Dr. Englande is certified by the Dr. W. Wesley Eckenfelder signing autographs January 2009 Texas WET | 19 WEAT Collections Knowledge WEAT Stormwater Knowledge Committee Report Committee Report

By: Leigh Cerda By Heather Harris, Chair Ten members strong, the WEAT Collections The WEAT Stormwater Knowledge Committee is Knowledge Committee mission to educate and inform honored to have seven members supporting its efforts: the Texas Collection Systems Industry on trends in Heather Harris, CH2M HILL (Chair), Elizabeth Turner, collection system management and maintenance is in City of Dallas, Michael Barrett, University of Texas, motion. Texas Water Conference abstract review and Michael Bloom, PBS&J, Dan Obenour, James Miertschin paper selection, review and commenting on proposed & Associates, Inc., Sandra Obregon, City of Dallas, and rule and regulation changes related to collection system Pavitra Rammohan, PBS&J. These members represent issues, and planning of specialty conferences are a few and hold a diverse group of stormwater interests. The areas the committee has worked on during the past year. topic of stormwater is a broad one and has much overlap Collections Chair, Leigh Cerda of GSWW, leads a with other subjects, to include sample collection and committee of highly experienced professionals in the analysis, infiltration and inflow to collection systems, industry; Jerome Iltis of SAWS, Ian Taylor of the City of watershed management, flood management, water New Braunfels, Mattie Engels of Pipeline Analysis, Andy quality, low impact development, and public outreach, Dettmar of Carollo Engineers, Kimberly Davis of Freese among others. and Nichols, Bob Johnson of Dallas Water Utilities, Stormwater management has become of higher David Koberlein of GSWW, Inc., Jessica Brown of Freese interest and priority in the recent past, with increased & Nichols and Steven Schrader of the City of Austin emphasis on municipalities’ Municipal Separate Storm Water Utility. Goals for the committee include increasing Sewer (MS4) programs and the impending numeric WEAT and Knowledge Committee Membership; support nutrient criteria in the state’s water quality standards. of WEAT sponsored publications, conferences and The Stormwater Committee has been pleased to be part abstract solicitation; collaboration with WEF Collections of the watershed/stormwater sessions at Texas Water Committee, NASSCO and NASTT; working with other 2008, as well as the abstract selection and technical WEAT Knowledge Committees to bridge the gap in Continued on page 28 Infrastructure Asset Management; and promotion of Texas authors for national specialty conferences. The Collections Committee submitted formal comments on the proposed TCEQ Chapter 217 Rules in May 2008, which were followed by correspondence from TCEQ to the Committee Chair. As an example, §217.56 Trenchless Pipe Installation of the proposed TCEQ Chapter 217 rules included verbiage that did not reflect currently available trenchless methods in the industry. The Committee provided clarification and direction to TCEQ for this section to ensure that technologies such as horizontal auger boring, pipe jacking, and horizontal directional drilling (HDD) were included. By specifically referring to technologies in the drafted rules, TCEQ would avoid future variation requests as related to the section. WEFMAX and the Young Professionals Summit were held in Austin, Texas May 1-2, 2008. Mattie Engels, Collections Committee member, attended the YP Summit and reported that it was very informative. Three Collections Committee members attended the WEFMAX meeting; Leigh Cerda, Mattie Engels and David Koberlein. WEFMAX and the YP Summit provided an opportunity to network with industry professionals outside of Texas and gain knowledge of WEF national activities. The Collections Committee continues to strive to expand its membership with industry professionals interested in sharing their knowledge and experience through support of WEAT and WEF collection system related activities. To join WEAT Collections Committee, please contact Leigh Cerda at lcerda@gswwengineers. 20 | Texas WET January 2009 Rice University Professor Li to TCEQ Considering Potential Speak at Gloyna Breakfast Fee Increases for Water During Texas Water 2009 Programs By Carol Batterton, WEAT Executive Director

Dr. Qilin Li, WEAT attended a stakeholder meeting at TCEQ Assistant Professor on December 18, 2008, to hear about the status of of Civil and funding TCEQ’s water programs. Executive Director, Environmental Mark Vickery, and Deputy Director, Carlos Rubenstein, Engineering at presented an overview of the status of water program Rice University will funding and options for continuing adequate funding for be the featured the future. speaker at Gloyna TCEQ has estimated that the shortfall in funding for Breakfast at 7:00 water programs for the next biennium is approximately A.M. on Friday, $42.3 million dollars. Absent an increase in either April 17 at the General Revenue or an increase in funds deposited to Texas Water 2009 water account #153, TCEQ stated that there will not Conference in be sufficient funds available to support the current level Galveston. of TCEQ water program activities. Options to address Dr. Qilin Li The Breakfast the shortfall are: to increase TCEQ’s General Revenue honors the appropriation (which some feel is highly unlikely), reduce long and distinguished career of Dr. Earnest F. the current level of water related activities, or to increase Gloyna, Emeritus Professor of Environmental Health revenues deposited to Account #153. Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin. Dr. TCEQ proposes to address the shortfall in a rule Gloyna’s teaching, research and professional practice change to be introduced in February 2009, which will have touched an unusually large number of students, increase the Consolidated Water Quality (CWQ) fee educators, engineers and the public leadership not only and the Public Health Service fee. These particular fees in Texas but throughout the world. were chosen because they represent the most broad Gloyna Breakfast is now back in its original time slot based water related fees and because they can be revised of Friday morning. It will be held 7:00 to 8:00 A.M. on without a statutory change. TCEQ plans to monitor Friday, April 17. legislative activities related to agency funding and Dr. Li holds a bachelor’s degree in environmental water program funding, and the rules will be adjusted engineering from Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s accordingly to reflect any changes that the Texas Republic of China, and M.S. and Ph.D. in environmental Legislature may enact. TCEQ predicted that some CWQ engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana fee payers could experience a doubling of fees under the Champaign. She is the author of numerous technical proposed rules. If proposed in February 2009, the public papers, presentations and book chapters. comment period on the rule change could begin as early Dr. Li’s research interests are in advanced treatment as March 2009. WEAT will continue to monitor this technologies for water quality control, membrane proposed rulemaking and keep our members notified of processes, colloids and interface science, and developments as they occur. environmental impact of nanomaterials. Dr. Li teaches courses and conducts research on physical chemical processes that impact water quality in Don’t natural aqueous as well as engineered treatment systems. Be Dr. Li’s current research focuses on the behaviors of environmental colloids and macromolecules at aqueous- Clueless solid interfaces and the subsequent impact on their fate about the and transport in natural and engineered systems. By studying natural water quality and advanced water and Wastewater wastewater treatment technologies, Dr. Li is devoted to finding a way to sustainable water supply. Treatment Process Understand how the wastewater Watch an animated simulation of the treatment process works to Wastewater Treatment Process at: protect the health and safety of you, your community and the www.gbra.org/wastewater- environment. treatment.swf Brought to you by the Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority

22 | Texas WET January 2009 Ni hao, Ya’ll - Texas Environmental Delegation Visits China

By Carol Batterton, WEAT Executive Director

In November 2008, I had the privilege to be a part of a delegation of environmental laboratory and water quality specialists visiting the People’s Republic of China. Our trip included stops in Beijing, Xian, WuXi, and Shanghai. The purpose of our trip was to share information on environmental practices and technologies in the United States and to learn about similar practices in China. The delegation included Ying Wei with the City of Houston and WJIES, Barbara Finazzo, USEPA, Nick Fang, Rice University, Dean Caldwell, AirMaster Aerator, Harry Nelson, Fluid Imaging Technologies, and Chris Kohl, Kohl Environmental. In Beijing, we met with officials from the Environmental Development Center and the Institute for Environmental Reference Materials from the Ministry of the Environment (MEP). Mr. Zhao Feng, Director of the International Cooperation Division, hosted our meetings which included presentations from each member of Carol Batterton and Barbara Finazzo, EPA at the Summer the delegation as well as tours of the MEP facilities. Palace (but not in summer) We also visited the No.9 water treatment plant and the Gaobeidian wastewater treatment plant in Beijing. In WuXi, we met with representatives of the Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences. Our meetings included presentations from the director and staff on China’s experimental fisheries projects and the remediation of Taihu Lake, which has been polluted over the years by discharges from industry and domestic sewage. Along with the “business” part of the trip, we found time to visit the Olympic Park, the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Great Wall in Beijing. We also viewed the terra cotta warriors excavation in Xian and went shopping in Shanghai!

Carol Batterton standing by the aeration basin at the Gaobeidian Wastewater Treatment Plant in Beijing, China

Water hyacinth project at Taihu Lake January 2009 Texas WET | 23 Sharing Water Knowledge

In November, Christianne Castleberry attended “My Profession Day” at Barton Hills Elementary in Austin, Texas and shared her knowledge as a water and wastewater engineer. Mrs. Castleberry prepared a board explaining how engineers utilize science to treat raw water for drinking purposes and wastewater for reuse. Mrs. Castleberry also used an interactive model of a watershed to demonstrate the water cycle and provided background on the value of water and engineers in the water profession. The interactive model was provided courtesy of Karen Bick and Cathy Seiger, co-chairs of WEAT’s Education Committee, and co-sponsored by WEAT and EPA. For more information on how you can become involved in educating the public on water and wastewater issues, please contact either Cathy Seiger at [email protected] or Carol Batterton at [email protected]. Christianne Castleberry demonstrated the Enviroscape water and wasewater treatment model

Wastewater Water infrastructure n Water & Wastewater Treatment Plants Business consulting n Lift Stations & Force Mains n Hydraulic Modeling n Detention/Retention Ponds n Pump Stations & Tanks Texas Offices: Austin: 512.328.8975 • Dallas: 972.393.3100 • El Paso: 915.545.4400 n Pipeline Rehabilitation Houston: 713.759.0999 • San Antonio: 210.824.8949 n Master Plans 45 Offices Nationwide • BrownandCaldwell.com

John Lindner, P.E. Public Works Managing Principal 512.328.0011 TEL 512.328.0325 FAX [email protected]

Austin | Dallas | Houston | San Antonio | Temple | TEXAS 24 | Texas WET January 2009 In Memoriam – Forrest D. Johnson North Texas WEAT mourns the loss of a long time friend and one of the great characters of our industry, Forrest Johnson. Forrest passed away on Saturday, January 3rd as a result of an airplane crash in Denton County. As a retired owner of Metro- Quip, a manufacturer’s representative, Forrest was involved in many of the expansions at plants throughout the metroplex over the past few decades. He was well-liked and respected by operators and engineers for his equipment knowledge, his often sharp wit, and flamboyant persona. In his retirement he continued to pursue his passion for flying. Having restored a vintage Yuka 18 Chinese trainer, he could be seen flying over North Texas almost weekly. Forrest participated in the “Wings of Angel” (http://www.angelflightsoars.org/index.htm), a program providing free flights for children with cancer to hospitals in Austin. Forrest would have done well selling patent medicines out of a highly decorated horse cart in the 1800s. We were just lucky he was our contemporary. Forrest was born Sept. 28, 1939, in Houston. He was raised in Mansfield and graduated from Mansfield High in 1957. He had resided in Fort Worth since 1961. He owned and operated Metro/Quip Inc. from 1973 to 2006.

We will miss him. Please visit the Notice for Forrest D. Johnson at Star-Telegram.com: http://www.legacy.com/Link.asp?I=LS000122249539X

WEAT Welcomes New Members for November and December 2008

Stephen E. Ainsa Christopher Hunniford Daniel Nix Stephen Shiner CDM Houston, TX City of Wichita Falls San Marcos, TX El Paso, TX Wichita Falls, TX Jimmy Janacek Rosie Smiley John Ashworth El Paso, TX Kris A. Norman Converse, TX LBG-Guyton Associates K. Norman Enterprises LLC Austin, TX Kirk Jones Round Rock, TX Christopher Smith ADS Environmental Keller, TX Manish Bhandari Cedar Park, TX Joseph Norris Dallas, TX NRS Consulting Earl E. Smith Jay Joyce Engineering, Inc. City of Decatur Jessica Bradley Alliance Consulting Group Harlingen, TX Decatur, TX Austin, TX Plano, TX Michael Parker SuEllen M. Staggs Guy Bralley Venkateswara Rao Konakanchi El Paso Water Utilities City of Sugar Land Sandoval County Kap Technologies Inc El Paso, TX Sugar Land, TX Bernailillo, NM The Woodlands, TX Douglas Rittman, Ph.D., P.E. Sonja Stefaniw Duane Bryant Francisco Martinez, P.E. University of Texas at El Paso City of Austin Water Utility San Antonio Water System Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. El Paso, TX Austin, TX San Antonio, TX El Paso, TX Mohammad Rizwan Perry Steger Gary Bryant Kyle Masters Dallas, TX Steger Bizzell Texas Agrilife Extension Service Addison, TX Georgetown, TX Fort Stockton, TX Arturo Ruiz Mac W. McEveny El Paso Water Utilities David Wheelock Pardha Raui Chennupati City of Austin El Paso, TX Brazos River Authority Lubbock, TX Austin, TX Waco, TX Ryan Saffels Victor Guzman Janet McKinney Universal Asset Management Jesse J. White El Paso Water Utilities Houston, TX Harrisonville, MO Dallas, TX El Paso, TX Jeff Mummert Robert M. Sengebush Jeff Williams Stewart Hansford Pure Process Systems INTERA, Inc. Clayton Williams Farm Co. Flowtronex PSI Houston, TX Albuquerque, NM Fort Stockton, TX Dallas, TX Luis C. Montes Rick Shaffer Erin Williams Mary Elizabeth Hinson El Paso Water Utilities Chiang, Patel & Yerby, Inc. Clayton Williams Farm Co. Austin, TX El Paso, TX Dallas, TX Fort Stockton, TX Roy Holland Jean-Phillipe Nicot Grishma V. Shah Wendong Xu El Paso Water Utilities UT Bureau of Economic HNTB Corporation AECOM El Paso, TX Geology, Austin, TX Austin, TX Houston, TX January 2009 Texas WET | 25 Operations Challenge Needs You

By John Bennett, PWO Representative

The rules, regulations and registration for the Texas volunteering as judges and coordinators. Manufacturers Water 2009 WEAT Operations Challenge event will be and their representatives can often provide valuable completed and available on line by mid January. If you information on specific equipment and the inside have the opportunity, you need to read three articles in knowledge needed to completely understand how a the December issue of the WE&T. The first is the Safety system works. And of course, the program will always Corner. It discusses the direct effect that the Operations accept your sponsorship of events. Challenge has on safety. Then there is a great write up The proud challenge team members of our great about how the TRA CReWSers reclaimed their title of state are truly appreciative of the gift that you all National Champions for the third time in four years provide to us. We could not compete at this level if it and finally, there is a well written piece about how the were not for your generosity of time, support and your Operations Challenge program boosts careers and moral financial backing. Texas has several teams that are well at the wastewater facilities that sponsor teams. established. They have all worked for several years to I have always advocated that the operations develop a very good training program and are willing to challenge program is hands down the best training assist new teams that are interested in getting started. program for employees in our industry, but too often Please contact the Operations Challenge Committee we forget that there are trickle down effects such as if you are interested in getting a team started or if you pride in your team, your utility and your member would like to get more involved in this dynamic program. association. Operations Challenge promotes cross training amongst the operators, mechanics, lab techs and people that work in pretreatment. How often do you have the opportunity to work directly with people of other disciplines? Once you do, you will find that communication amongst the groups will improve and nothing promotes harmony like respect and understanding of what your coworkers must do each day to insure that the cleanest water possible leaves their plant. Professionalism and mentoring opportunities abound. I will always fondly remember leaders in our industry that have passed away like Butch Smith and Ron Sieger. These guys were very important to me while I was coming up as a competitor. Not only did they provide me with a broad range of knowledge in pumping systems, hydraulics, digestion and dewatering, they encouraged me to continue with my education, obtain my A WW license and regularly attend WEAT functions. Chances are that if I had not become involved in the Operations Challenge, I never would have had the opportunity to interact with these fine gentlemen nor would I have the professional opportunities that I have been so fortunate to obtain. Since the CReWSers are the National Champions, they receive an automatic return to WEFTEC09 in Orlando. This will allow WEAT to sponsor three more teams. As leaders in this industry we are called upon to develop future generations, provide guidance to those that are dedicated to their trades and work towards gaining the respect that the professionals involved in the treatment of wastewater deserve. There is no better way to accomplish these tasks than to get involved in the Operations Challenge Program. If you are a utility, we encourage you to form a team. Consultants can play a key role in training the challenge team members in specific plant processes and assisting the program by 26 | Texas WET January 2009 WEAT Section Activities

Abilene Representative needed The North Texas Section will hold their annual February Seminar on February 10, 2009 at City Place in Dallas from Amarillo 8:30 am to 4:00 p.m. The topic this year is Sustainability: Representative Dr. Paul T. Baumgardner, 806-353-7798 Making Your Brown... Greener. Registration is $120 and Sponsorship, which includes one registration, is $250. Please Austin Section contact Gilbert Trejo for more information at gtrejo@pirnie. Representative Lynne Moss, 512/346-1100, [email protected] com. The WEAT NTS Scholarship Committee is proud to The Central Texas Section of WEAT met on November announce a record number of scholarships awarded for 18, 2008, where Kelly Payne, P.E. with the Lower Colorado the 2008-09 school year. Each student will receive a total River Authority was our guest speaker. Mr. Payne discussed of $1,000 this year ($500 per semester). This year we have lessons learned from the construction and operation of three three returning students who have been in our scholarship membrane bioreactor wastewater treatment plants in Central program for the last several years: Michael Longoria is the son Texas. of WEAT member Ray Longoria. Michael is a senior electrical Mr. Payne is a Senior Engineer in Water/Wastewater engineering major at Texas A&M University. Jordan Cherry is Planning and Engineering at LCRA, and is the primary engineer the daughter of WEAT member Dale Cherry. Jordan is a junior assigned to LCRA’s West Travis County Regional Water and at the University of Texas at Austin Nursing School. Jordan Wastewater System. He earned a BS in Civil Engineering from McIntyre is the daughter of WEAT member Randy McIntyre. Texas A&M University and a MS in Civil and Environmental Jordan is a senior at Texas A&M University and is studying Engineering from Cornell University. Genetics. In addition to our three returning students, we are Many thanks to meeting sponsors Alan proud to announce that we are awarding four additional PlummerAssociates, Inc., Environmental Treatment scholarships for the coming year. Our new students are: Jessica Technologies and K Friese & Associates. Davila, daughter of WEAT member Rey Davila. Jessica is a The Young Professionals held a Happy Hour on sophomore Biology major at UTA. Connor Hall is the son Wednesday, October 29th at Opal Divines. A number of YP’s of WEAT member Ken Hall. Connor is a freshman at Texas turned out to enjoy a pleasant evening and good company. Tech University and will be majoring in Civil Engineering. Wes Special thanks to Hobas Pipe, Inc. for sponsoring the event. Fichera is the son of WEAT member Buster Fichera.Wes is a The next scheduled YP event, also a joint WEAT and AWWA freshman Mechanical Engineering major at UT Dallas. Sam effort, was held on December 11th and if you would like to be Williams is the son of WEAT member Brian Williams. Sam is added to the announcement list, please email YP Chair Justin a freshman at Texas A&M University and is deciding between Ware at [email protected]. computer science and electrical engineering. The next Section meeting is scheduled for January 20, CONGRATULATIONS to the TRA CReWSers for Bringing 2009 (speaker to be announced at a later date). The evening Home the National Operations Challenge Championship! You will include a social gathering followed by a buffet dinner. As make the North Texas Section very proud. always, the meeting is open to anyone interested in water and Future North Texas Section WEAT Meetings: January 15, wastewater issues. 2009 at City Place Dallas, Texas, February 10, 2009 February Seminar at City Place Dallas, Texas, March 19, 2009 at Texas Beaumont/Port Arthur Star Euless, Texas, May 21, 2009 at City Place Dallas, Texas Representative Karin Warren, 409-785-3006 and July 16, 2009 at City Place Dallas, Texas.

Bryan/College Station Representative needed Del Rio/Uvalde Representative needed Corpus Christi El Paso Representative Foster Crowell, 361-857-1801 Representative David Ornelas, 915-594-5730 Dallas/Fort Worth Harlingen/Brownsville Representative needed Representative Becky Guthrie, 940-349-8938 Houston/Galveston The North Texas Section of WEAT met on November 20, Representative Jennie Almerico, P.E., 281-367-9512 2008 at Texas Star located in Euless. The dinner meeting topic “Build It and They Will Come” How Dallas Water Utilities Built Our upcoming meeting dates are set for January 15th and Their Own Mobile Asset Management Solution was presented March 19th. We will have our annual social on May 21st at St. by Marc Cottingame, Program Manager of the Utility Arnold Brewery. Automation and Integration Division of Dallas Water Utilities. Mr. Michael Marcotte, P.E., DEE, Director of Public Meeting sponsors included: CP&Y, Freese and Nichols, Works and Engineering with the City of Houston was our MWH and WWater Tech Inc. speaker for the November 20th meeting. Upcoming dinner meeting will be held Thursday, January Texas Water 2009 will be held at Moody Gardens in 15th at City Place in Dallas, Texas. Galveston from April 14-17, 2009. A planning meeting was January 2009 Texas WET | 27 held on November 3rd. If you are interested in volunteering for San Antonio Texas Water 2009, please contact one of our officers, and we’ll Representative Dennis Laskowski, P.E., 210-233-3682 direct you to the right person. The Water for People fundraising event was held on The San Antonio Section ended the year with its Annual November 12th at St. Arnold Brewery. Holiday Dinner and Student Scholarship Fundraiser on If you would like to receive the Houston/ Galveston December 4, 2008 at the luxurious Plaza Club in downtown Section 9 e-newsletter, please email me ([email protected]) San Antonio. The dinner raised approximately $10,000 in or contact one of our officers and ask to be added to our sponsorships which will be split between both local AWWA distribution list. and WEAT sections. A special thanks goes out to our guest As always, if you are interested in getting involved in speaker of the dinner, Suzanne Scott, General Manager of the the Houston/ Galveston Section of WEAT, please contact San Antonio River Authority (SARA) who delivered a speech one of the officers. You will find all of our officers’ contact on the Past, Present and Future of SARA and to all of our information on our website www.weat.org/southeast. sponsors which made the dinner a continued success. The dinner was attended by approximately 75 members and their Laredo Representative needed families which also helped in raising toys for the Toys for Tots campaign in the local community as each attendee brought a Longview/Tyler/Texarkana/Lufkin toy to the dinner. Representative Kathy J Bell, MS P.E., 903-647-1278 Other activities included a happy hour social on September 30th at Alamo Café which was graciously WEAT NE Section cancelled our quarterly meeting for sponsored by Hartwell Environmental and a student November so our members could concentrate on family and membership scholarship which was given away to two lucky the holidays. Our next meeting is tentatively scheduled for college students, Toby Adeyinka from Trinity University and January 21, 2009 11:00 to 2:00 and is sponsored by Ana-Lab, Krista Paredes from UTSA. Congratulations go out to each one Kilgore, TX. The speakers will be TCEQ Region 5 Director of these students and I hope each one of them is reading this and Section Managers. They will discuss the changes of issue of Texas WET as their first newsletter. TCEQ rules, directives, and general information important Looking forward to 2009 in the Alamo City, there will to our members. Discussion at this next meeting will include be a seminar on the Implementation of TCEQ Chapter 217 scholarships for U of T at Tyler, and a local YP chapter at UT at on January 23, 2009 at the Radisson Hill Country Resort. In Tyler. We are asking our members to send their email address addition, the monthly meeting is planned on January 15, 2009 to us so we will have current email addresses. If you are not at the Blue Star Brewery and Restaurant with Luis Mijares from receiving meeting notices, we don’t have your correct email address. Call or email Mary Evans for more information at [email protected] or phone 903/561-1862. Lubbock Representative Dr. Andrew Jackson, 806-742-2801

During the Spring 2008 semester, the Texas Tech Student chapter of WEAT held three general meetings. We have had two guest speakers: Drew Corson from URS Corp. and Dale Cherry from Freese and Nichols. Mr. Corson discussed two bioremediation projects and their unique applications to environmental engineering while Mr. Cherry presented a large- picture concept of the future direction of water treatment engineering. In addition to our general functions, the TTU student chapter was represented by a group of eight students at the 2008 Texas Water Conference Student Team Design Competition in which the Texas Tech team won first place. The conference provided a valuable networking opportunity for several upcoming graduates while also providing a unique learning experience that supplemented the abstract concepts presented in the classroom with a tangible understanding of the unit processes and operation. Later this semester, three students will travel to Colorado State University to participate in an Environmental Engineering design competition. Midland/Odessa Representative Debbie McReynolds, 915-335-4625

Port Lavaca Representative needed

San Angelo Representative needed 28 | Texas WET January 2009

ADS Environmental Services as the guest speaker. The topic WEAT Stormwater Knowledge ... Continued from page 19 of his presentation will be Focusing your resources through a Water Audit. session development process for Texas Water 2009. And as always, if you are receiving the Texas WET Committee members are discussing the possibility for magazine and are in the San Antonio Section area, but are not a specialty conference, held jointly with the Watershed receiving the electronic local chapter newsletter, please let me Management Committee, to address the membership’s know via e-mail ([email protected]) or by phone (210/233- current stormwater-related concerns and questions. 3682). This newsletter will allow you to be up-to-date with the The members would like to serve the organization latest information on your section and its events when you are as a technical resource on all subjects related to added to our distribution list. stormwater, available for technical questions and up- to-date information on state and national policies. We Heart of Texas encourage anyone with a question and/or interested in Representative Trey Buzbee, 254-761-3168 joining the committee to contact us, as we would be happy to help. For more information, please contact Wichita Falls Representative needed Heather Harris at [email protected] or 512/453-1468, extension 228. PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY

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Executive Committee Electrical, Instrumentation & Public Outreach and Audit and Budget President Controls Communication David Briggs Brad Castleberry V.K. Gupta Glenn Clingenpeel 512-346-1100 512-322-5800 972-490-7661 817-493-5117 Bylaws President-Elect Environmental Management Publications David Jackson Betty Jordan Systems Richard Eason 817-735-7300 817-284-2724 David James 512-261-6222, Ext. 14 Committee Leadership Council Vice-President 512-239-3184 Scholarship Paul Roach Jody Zabolio Ethics Education Cathy Henderson Sieger 817-392-2347 972-219-1228 Robert McMillon 972-262-5186 Management Review Secretary 817-277-7591 Specialty Conference Paul Roach Jennafer Covington Ground Water Chamindra Dassanayake (CD) 817-392-2347 972-980-2188 Andrew Chastain-Howley 972-663-2153 Membership Treasurer 817-335-5408 Texas Water Steering Dawn Anderson Heather Harris Industrial Waste & Pretreatment Betty Jordan 214-640-1726 512-453-2468 Martha Martin 817-284-2724 Nominating Member-at-large 281-490-9535 Texas Water Program Raj Bhattarai Alberto Rodriguez Laboratory Raymond Longoria 512-972-0075 210-841-2800 Dana White 214-217-2252 Strategic Planning WEF Delegate 512-972-0315 Texas Water Exhibits Betty Jordan Richard Eason Municipal Waste Treatment Rhonda Harris 817-284-2724 512-261-6222, Ext. 14 Walter Chiang 214- 821-7393 WEF Delegate 214-638-0500 Texas Water Planning Liaisons Committee Chairs Foster Crowell Operations and Maintenance Richard Eason TAWWA 361-826-1801 Curtis Smalley 512-261-6222 Brad Castleberry Past WEF Delegate 254-495-8482 512-322-5800 Betty Jordan Stormwater Stakeholders Committee International 817-284-2724 Heather Harris Chairs Jaya Zyman-Ponebshek Executive Director 512-453-2468 Government Affairs 512-419-5316 Carol Batterton Utility Management Holly Tichenor Fernando Roman, P.E. 830-990-1029 Yehuda Morag 512-652-1147 210-226-2922 Historian 512-453-1980 Education (co-chairs) Texas Water Management Joe King Water Reuse Karen Bick Kim Chanslor 972-735-3000 Mike Morrison 214-665-7539 713-628-2122 Past President 512-617-3150 Cathy Henderson Sieger Texas Water Forum Raj Bhattarai Wastershed Management 972-262-5186 Carolyn Ahrens Wieland 512-972-0075 Jennifer Benaman, Ph.D. Young Professionals 512-472-3263 PWO Representative 512-707-0090, Ext. 12 (co-chairs) TWUA John Bennett Alissa Shackelford Raymond Longoria 817-430-4657 Delivery Committee Chairs 210-826-3200 214-217-2252 Awards Trooper Smith TWRF Knowledge Committee Bob Hill 214-217-2219 Richard Eason Chairs 281-367-3556 YP Texas Water University 512-261-6222, Ext. 14 Air Quality and Odor Control Manufacturers & Reps Forum Water For People Chris Quigley Kent Guilbeau Bill Rixey Phil Spitzer 512-453-2468, Ext.225 512-347-7676 713-743-4279 214-346-2800 Biosolids Management Ops Challenge YP Student Sections WERF Lynne Moss John Bennett, Chair John Marler Richard Eason 512-346-1100 817-430-4657 512-912-5188 512-261-6222, Ext. 14 Collection Systems Orren West, Vice-Chair Leigh Cerda 512-972-1957 Management Committee (214) 346-6345 Chairs Administration Paul Roach 817-392-2347 TRAFFIC RATED

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