Czech Transition to and Backsliding from Democracy

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Czech Transition to and Backsliding from Democracy CZECH TRANSITION TO AND BACKSLIDING FROM DEMOCRACY: WILL “TRUTH PREVAIL” OVER THE ILLIBERAL CHALLENGE? Hana Svatošová Thesis Advisor: Prof. Doutor Marcos Farias Ferreira Dissertation Project Masters in the International Relations Lisbon 2020 Veritas vincit Seek the truth, hear the truth, learn the truth, love the truth, speak the truth, hold the truth, and defend the truth until death. – Jan Hus Democracy is not only a form of government, it is not only what is written in the Constitution; democracy is a perspective on life, it consists in the trust in people, in humanness and humanity, and there is no trust without love, no love without trust. I once said that democracy is a discussion. But true discussion is only possible, where people trust each other and honestly search for truth. Democracy, that is a conversation between equals, reflection of free citizens in front of the entire public. – Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk Truth and love must prevail over lies and hatred. – Václav Havel 2 ACKNOWLEGEMENTS First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor, Professor Marcos Farias Ferreira, whose interactive cross-disciplinary classes on Russia motivated my choice of thesis topic and whose insightful reading recommendations and feedback helped me think beyond given theoretical and methodological concepts, and thus approach research in a more critical way. Next, I would like to acknowledge all my other teachers at ISCSP whose lectures also had a significant impact on my thesis, particularly Professor Andreia Soares e Castro’s classes on European Union, Foreign Policy and Diplomacy, and Professor Sandra Maria Rodrigues Balão’s Geopolitics class. Furthermore, I would like to thank my colleagues and friends from Lisbon, who accompanied and helped me on the International Relations journey, Julieta, Teo, Inês, Breno, and especially Pedro. Most of all, I need to thank my one-year old daughter Sofia and my dear Aurelio for putting up with me throughout this process. A huge thanks goes to the rest of my family; I could not have done it without your love and support. 3 ABSTRACT Democracy is in crisis around the world. Boosted by global phenomena such as globalization and the development of internet, along with a series of crises, which widened the gap between the elite and citizens, this trend was characterized by the rise of populism in both mature democracies and post-communist countries. The former model democratizers in Central- Eastern Europe turned into model democratic backsliders. The illiberal tendencies in the region have been generally judged by the Hungarian and Polish playbook. Although not as dramatically, also in Czech Republic democracy has been declining, mostly since the government of Andrej Babiš in 2017 and the reelection of Miloš Zeman president in 2018. This work examines the changes in the official post-1989 discourse through a two- dimensional discourse analysis, and thus explains what are the origins and character of the current democracy crisis, which arenas of democracy have been affected the most thus far, and finally if the “truth will prevail” over the illiberal challenge. Based on the theoretical concepts of democracy, transitology, democratic backsliding, populism and postfunctionalism, and an overview of historical-cultural context, we analyze the rhetorical strategies, domestic policy, and foreign policy dominant in the corpus of selected speeches of the Prime Minister and President. Next, we assess the impact of their new discourse on the arenas of democracy contrasting EIU’s Democracy Index and Freedom House’s Nations in Transit rankings. Overall, we sustain that the rise of the Czech illiberal populists has been rather a consequence than the origin of the current crisis, that the character of their new discourse is particular despite similarities with the backsliding neighbors, and finally, that there is hope for truth to prevail, consisting in a reform of certain arenas of the Czech democracy. Keywords: Czech Republic; transitology; postfunctionalism; democratic backsliding; populism; discourse analysis 4 RESUMO Democracia está em crise em todo o mundo. Reforçado pelos fenómenos globais como a globalização e o desenvolvimento da Internet, junto com uma série de crises, que aumentaram o fosso entre a elite e os cidadãos, esta dinâmica foi caraterizada pela ascensão de populismo em ambas democracias maduras e países pós-comunistas. Os antigos exemplos da democratização na Europa Central e de Leste tornaram-se exemplos de democratic backsliding. As tendências iliberais na região têm sido geralmente julgadas com base na cartilha húngara e polaca. Embora não tão dramaticamente, também a democracia na República Checa tem estado em declínio, sobretudo desde o início do governo de Andrej Babiš em 2017 e a reeleição presidencial de Miloš Zeman em 2018. Este trabalho examina as mudanças no discurso oficial pós-1989 através de uma análise de discurso de duas dimensões, e assim explica quais são as origens e o caráter da crise de democracia atual, quais arenas de democracia têm sido afetadas mais até agora, e finalmente se “a verdade prevalece” contra o desafio iliberal. Com base nos conceitos teóricos de democracia, transitologia, democratic backsliding, populismo e pósfuncionalismo, e um resumo do contexto histórico-cultural, analisamos as estratégias retóricas e as políticas doméstica e estrangeira dominantes no corpus de discursos selecionados do Primeiro-Ministro e do Presidente. Logo, avaliamos o impacto do seu novo discurso sobre as arenas de democracia contrastando os rankings do Índice de Democracia de EIU e de Nations in Transit de Freedom House. Contudo, defendemos que a ascensão dos populistas na República Checa tem sido uma consequência mais do que a origem da crise atual, que o caráter do seu novo discurso é particular apesar de semelhanças com os seus vizinhos em retrocesso, e finalmente que há esperança para a verdade prevalecer, consistindo numa reforma de certas arenas da democracia checa. Palavras-chave: República Checa; transitologia; pósfuncionalismo; democratic backsliding; populismo; análise de discurso 5 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ANO – Action of Dissatisfied Citizens (Czech political movement) BIS – Security Information Service of the Czech Republic CEE – Central and Eastern Europe CEFC – China Energy Company Limited COVID-19 – coronavirus disease 2019 ČSSD – Czech Social Democratic Party (Czech political party) EIU – The Economist Intelligence Unit EU – European Union Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Alliance (Hungarian political party) GAL – Green, Alternative, Libertarian KSČM – Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization NGO – Non-Governmental Organization ODS - Civic Democratic Party (Czech political party) OECD – Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development PiS – Law and Justice (Polish political party) SPD – Freedom and Direct Democracy (Czech political movement) TAN – Traditionalist, Authoritarianist, Nationalist US – United States of America V4 – The Visegrád Group or Visegrád Four 6 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 9 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................... 12 2.1 The Concept of Democracy ............................................................................................ 12 2.2 The Transition Paradigm and its Critics .......................................................................... 14 2.3 Problems of Democracy .................................................................................................. 17 2.3.1 Democratic Backsliding .......................................................................................... 19 2.3.2 Populism .................................................................................................................. 21 2.4 Postfunctionalism ............................................................................................................ 24 3. METHODOLOGICAL OPTIONS ......................................................................................... 27 3.1 Research Theory.............................................................................................................. 27 3.2 Research Strategy ............................................................................................................ 29 4. EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION ........................................................................................... 32 4.1 Historical-Cultural Context ............................................................................................. 32 4.1.1 Czech Identity Post-1989: Totalitarian Legacies, Democratization and Havel ....... 32 4.1.2 Czech Identity Today: New Challenges and Threats, Zeman and Babiš ................ 35 4.2 New Official Discourse(s) ............................................................................................... 38 4.2.1 Rhetorical Strategies ................................................................................................ 38 4.2.2 Domestic Policy ....................................................................................................... 41 4.2.3 Foreign Policy ......................................................................................................... 46 4.3 Impact of the New Discourse on the Arenas of Democracy ........................................... 51 5. CONCLUSION: WILL “TRUTH PREVAIL” OVER
Recommended publications
  • The Price of Velvet: Thomas Masaryk and Vaclav Havel Gellner, Ernest
    www.ssoar.info The Price of Velvet: Thomas Masaryk and Vaclav Havel Gellner, Ernest Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Gellner, E. (1995). The Price of Velvet: Thomas Masaryk and Vaclav Havel. Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review, 3(1), 45-57. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-53735 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, non- Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, transferable, individual and limited right to using this document. persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses This document is solely intended for your personal, non- Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für commercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document
    [Show full text]
  • Prism Vol. 9, No. 2 Prism About Vol
    2 021 PRISMVOL. 9, NO. 2 | 2021 PRISM VOL. 9, NO. 2 NO. 9, VOL. THE JOURNAL OF COMPLEX OPER ATIONS PRISM ABOUT VOL. 9, NO. 2, 2021 PRISM, the quarterly journal of complex operations published at National Defense University (NDU), aims to illuminate and provoke debate on whole-of-government EDITOR IN CHIEF efforts to conduct reconstruction, stabilization, counterinsurgency, and irregular Mr. Michael Miklaucic warfare operations. Since the inaugural issue of PRISM in 2010, our readership has expanded to include more than 10,000 officials, servicemen and women, and practi- tioners from across the diplomatic, defense, and development communities in more COPYEDITOR than 80 countries. Ms. Andrea L. Connell PRISM is published with support from NDU’s Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS). In 1984, Secretary of Defense Casper Weinberger established INSS EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS within NDU as a focal point for analysis of critical national security policy and Ms. Taylor Buck defense strategy issues. Today INSS conducts research in support of academic and Ms. Amanda Dawkins leadership programs at NDU; provides strategic support to the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, combatant commands, and armed services; Ms. Alexandra Fabre de la Grange and engages with the broader national and international security communities. Ms. Julia Humphrey COMMUNICATIONS INTERNET PUBLICATIONS PRISM welcomes unsolicited manuscripts from policymakers, practitioners, and EDITOR scholars, particularly those that present emerging thought, best practices, or train- Ms. Joanna E. Seich ing and education innovations. Publication threshold for articles and critiques varies but is largely determined by topical relevance, continuing education for national and DESIGN international security professionals, scholarly standards of argumentation, quality of Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Illiberal Turn: Democratic Backsliding in the Czech Republic*
    East European Politics ISSN: 2159-9165 (Print) 2159-9173 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fjcs21 Understanding the illiberal turn: democratic backsliding in the Czech Republic Seán Hanley & Milada Anna Vachudova To cite this article: Seán Hanley & Milada Anna Vachudova (2018) Understanding the illiberal turn: democratic backsliding in the Czech Republic, East European Politics, 34:3, 276-296, DOI: 10.1080/21599165.2018.1493457 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2018.1493457 Published online: 18 Jul 2018. Submit your article to this journal View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=fjcs21 EAST EUROPEAN POLITICS 2018, VOL. 34, NO. 3, 276–296 https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2018.1493457 Understanding the illiberal turn: democratic backsliding in the Czech Republic* Seán Hanley a and Milada Anna Vachudovab aSchool of Slavonic and East European Studies, UCL, London, UK; bDepartment of Political Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Democratic backsliding in Central Europe has so far been most Received 8 December 2017 acute in Hungary and Poland, states once considered frontrunners Accepted 17 June 2018 in democratisation. In this paper, we explore to what extent KEYWORDS developments in another key frontrunner, the Czech Republic, fit Democratization; backsliding; initial patterns of Hungarian/Polish backsliding. Our analysis Czech Republic; populism; centres on the populist anti-corruption ANO movement, led by political parties; Andrej Babis the billionaire Andrej Babiš, which became the largest Czech party in October 2017 after winning parliamentary elections.
    [Show full text]
  • The United States, Eduardo Frei's Revolution in Liberty and The
    The Gathering Storm: The United States, Eduardo Frei's Revolution in Liberty and the Polarization of Chilean Politics, 1964-1970 A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Sebastian Hurtado-Torres December 2016 © 2016 Sebastian Hurtado-Torres. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled The Gathering Storm: The United States, Eduardo Frei's Revolution in Liberty, and the Polarization of Chilean Politics, 1964-1970 by SEBASTIAN HURTADO-TORRES has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Patrick Barr-Melej Associate Professor of History Robert Frank Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT HURTADO-TORRES, SEBASTIAN, Ph.D., December 2016, History The Gathering Storm: The United States, Eduardo Frei’s Revolution in Liberty, and the Polarization of Chilean Politics, 1964-1970 Director of Dissertation: Patrick Barr-Melej This dissertation explores the involvement of the United States in Chilean politics between the presidential campaign of 1964 and Salvador Allende’s accession to the presidency in 1970. The main argument of this work is that the partnership between the Christian Democratic Party of Chile (PDC) and the United States in this period played a significant role in shaping Chilean politics and thus contributed to its growing polarization. The alliance between the PDC and the United States was based as much on their common views on communism as on their shared ideas about modernization and economic development. Furthermore, the U.S. Embassy in Santiago, headed by men strongly committed to the success of the Christian Democratic project, involved itself heavily in the inner workings of Chilean politics as an informal actor, unable to dictate terms but capable of exerting influence on local actors whose interests converged with those of the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • “Small” Improvements in Government Functioning
    Supporting “SMall” IMproveMents in governMent functioning Supporting “small” improvements in government functioning: A rough guide for development professionals1 Nick Manning 1. Introduction This rough guide offers advice to development specialists seeking to support modest public sector management (PSM) reforms. The first part of this chapter offers suggestions for governance practitioners – emphasising the importance of understanding the technical domain, of practising enthusiastic scepticism as a response to the acknowledged difficulties of the field, of acting with conviction but without professional ego and of recognising the power of honest contestation in a territory which has some entrenched fault lines. In the second part I offer ideas for managing the product, concluding that while it is unlikely that any programme will be right first time, it is important to get it as right as possible about what it is that needs to be fixed, to build in enough flexibility (of ends as well as means) into the project design and to have a working theory about why autonomous individuals might want to change their behaviour as a result of the programme The starting point for this discussion is that in a development context, asserting that your task is in some way to help the public sector work better – casting light on the darkest parts of the bureaucratic black box – elicits broadly similar responses. You will hear that it is vital. Everyone is quick to assure development professionals working on this area that development is significantly a function of public sector capacity and that governments work better if budgets are better prepared and financial management systems better operated, if arrangements are in place to ensure that skilled staff are recruited on merit and rewarded for doing well, if revenues are raised more equitably and efficiently, and maybe you will even hear that it is important that social and economic regulation is managed more productively.
    [Show full text]
  • Victims' Inclusion and Transitional Justice
    PA-X REPORT: TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE SERIES Victims’ Inclusion and Transitional Justice Attending to the Exclusivity of Inclusion Politics Astrid Jamar This research draws on the PA-X Peace Agreement Database (www.peaceagreements.org), a database of all peace agreements at any stage of the peace process from 1990 to 2016. The database is fully searchable and supports both qualitative and quantitative examination of peace agreements. Author: Astrid Jamar Political Settlements Research Programme (PSRP) Global Justice Academy School of Law Old College The University of Edinburgh South Bridge Edinburgh EH8 9YL Tel. +44 (0)131 651 4566 Fax. +44 (0)131 650 2005 E-mail: [email protected] www.politicalsettlements.org @PolSettlements Acknowledgements: This research is an output from the Political Settlements Research Programme (PSRP), funded by UK Aid from the UK Department for International Development (DFID) for the benefit of developing countries. The information and views set out in this publication are those of the author. Nothing herein constitutes the views of the Department. Any use of this work should acknowledge the author and the Political Settlements Research Programme. For online use, we ask readers to link to the original resource on the PSRP website. Thanks are due to Harriet Cornell and Jee-Young Song for editorial and production work. ©2018 Contents Executive Summary 01 Key Findings 02 Recommendations 04 Introduction 06 Part I: Existing Research 07 Part II: Global Approaches to Including Victims: The Agenda on Paper 09 Part III: Inclusion in Practice: Burundi Case Study 25 Conclusion 41 01 // Victims’ Inclusion and Transitional Justice Executive Summary This report reviews efforts to include victims in transitional justice programmes, and the difficulties of managing the politics of inclusion in the transitional justice setting.
    [Show full text]
  • Perception of China Among V4 Political Elites
    Perception of China among V4 Political Elites Matej Šimalčík | Alžběta Bajerová | Ivana Karásková Tamás Matura | Agnieszka Ostrowska | Bruno Surdel Content Content ................................................................................................... 1 Summary ................................................................................................ 2 1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 4 2 Slovakia: Adoration and ambivalence .................................................. 7 2.1 No clear benefits in sight .................................................................... 9 2.2 Human rights take precedence over economic issues? ................11 2.3 Pragmatism takes center stage .......................................................16 3 Czechia: Between Economic Opportunity and Identity Threat ............ 19 3.1 Czech Parliament’s China approach from 2018 onwards..............21 3.2 China fatigue among Czech politicians ...........................................23 3.3 Pragmatism towards China prevails ................................................27 4 Hungary: Sharing common values? ................................................... 29 4.1 Economic benefits trump security considerations .........................33 4.2 Human rights on the back burner .....................................................34 4.3 Ideologic divide ..................................................................................36 5 Poland: China outweighed by
    [Show full text]
  • Philosophy & Social Criticism
    Philosophy & Social Criticism http://psc.sagepub.com/ Apathy: the democratic disease Jeffrey E. Green Philosophy Social Criticism 2004 30: 745 DOI: 10.1177/0191453704045763 The online version of this article can be found at: http://psc.sagepub.com/content/30/5-6/745 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Philosophy & Social Criticism can be found at: Email Alerts: http://psc.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://psc.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav >> Version of Record - Dec 6, 2004 What is This? Downloaded from psc.sagepub.com at UNIV OF PENNSYLVANIA on May 6, 2013 12 045763 (to/d) 2/9/04 11:38 am Page 745 Jeffrey E. Green Apathy: the democratic disease Abstract This essay turns to ancient sources in order to rethink the relation- ship between political apathy and democracy. If modern democratic theorists place political apathy entirely outside of democracy – either as a destructive limit upon the full realization of a democratic polity, or, more sanguinely, as a pragmatic necessity which tempers democracy so that it may function in a workable yet watered-down form – the ancients conceived of political apathy as a peculiarly democratic phenomenon that was likely to flourish in tandem with the expansion of egalitarian institutional structures and moral ideas. Evidence for the ancient recognition of political apathy as a uniquely demo- cratic kind of affliction centers on, but is not limited to, three main sources. In literature, the Homeric epic, and specifically the story of Achilles, present apathy for politics and commitment to human equality as synonymous forces.
    [Show full text]
  • Differences Between National Memory of Communism in Poland and the Czech Republic
    CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of International Studies Graham Bush UCL Student Number: 000821583 UCL Candidate Number: CHXQ1 Differences Between National Memory of Communism in Poland and the Czech Republic. Master Thesis Prague 2014 Author: Graham Bush Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Jiří Vykoukal, CSc Academic Year: 2013/2014 2 Bibliographic note Bush, Graham. Differences Between National Memory of Communism in Poland and the Czech Republic. 77 p. Master thesis. Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences. Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Jiří Vykoukal, CSc Abstract This work aims to demonstrate differences in national memory of Communism in the Czech Republic and Poland. It looks into the principles surrounding the practice of collective memory and then uses this to create a working methodology for the study of it in these two nations. In evaluating memory in these countries it relies upon the “Three Pillars” of past events, cultural output and popular opinion and stresses the interconnected nature of these academic areas. A further emphasis is placed upon the role of belief in shaping personal and group self-identity. The overall conclusions stress that both of the national memories of these countries have been shaped by their history, culture and popular opinion, and that this has created a divide between the Polish and Czech views of events during the Communist period. The divide is seen as characterised by particular “Czech” and “Polish” viewpoints which are the product of discourse on previous aspects of what it means to belong to these respective groups. National memory in essence builds upon itself, and will continue to do so.
    [Show full text]
  • Doctoral Dissertation
    MASARYK UNIVERSITY Faculty of Social Studies Department of International Relations and European Studies Doctoral Dissertation Brno 2018 Lukáš Lehotský MASARYK UNIVERSITY Faculty of Social Studies Department of International Relations and European Studies Mgr. Lukáš Lehotský Coal Mining and Climate Change in the Czech Republic: Two Cases of Media Narratives Doctoral Dissertation Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Břetislav Dančák, Ph.D. Brno 2018 Jánovi Lehotskému a Andrejovi Savuľákovi, ktorí nežili dosť dlho, aby si túto prácu mohli prelistovať Poďakovanie V prvom rade by som rád poďakoval môjmu vedúcemu, Břetislavovi Dančákovi, za vedenie tejto práce, jeho motivujúci prístup a výborné podmienky pre hladký priebeh doktorského štúdia. Následne ďakujem Filipovi Černochovi, Janovi Osičkovi a Petrovi Ocelíkovi za zapojenie do výskumných aktivít, ktoré tejto práci predchádzali, komentáre k dizajnu práce, a nakoniec za komentáre k jej priebežným verziám. Bez tejto asistencie by som prácu nebol schopný dokončiť. Za širšiu podporu počas výskumu a ďalšiu spoluprácu patrí vďaka tiež kolegom Martinovi Jiruškovi, Hedvike Koďouskovej, Tomášovi Vlčkovi a Veronike Zapletalovej. Komentáre k detailom výskumu poskytli tiež Juraj Medzihorský, Sebastian Haunss, Manuel Fischer, Zuzana Ringlerová, Vladan Hodulák a ďalší, ktorým za tieto vstupy ďakujem. Výsledky práce a prípadné chyby sú však výlučne mojou zodpovednosťou. Dizertačná práca vznikla aj za podpory Grantovej agentúry Českej republiky a spolupráce v rámci projektu Comparing Climate Change Policy Networks. Po osobnej stránke v prvom rade ďakujem rodičom Vladovi a Saši, sestre Peti a starým rodičom Máši a File. Podporovali ma počas celej doby štúdia a nikdy nestratili vieru v moju schopnosť túto prácu dokončiť. Špeciálne poďakovanie patrí mojej drahej priateľke Denise Skládalovej, ktorá ma dennodenne podporovala a prežívala proces písania spolu so mnou.
    [Show full text]
  • Czech Republic: the White Paper on Defence 2011
    The White Paper on Defence The White Paper on Defence © The Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic – DCP, 2011 The White Paper of Defence was approved by the Governmental Resolution of 18th May 2011, Nr. 369. Table of Contents Foreword by the Minister of Defence 6 Foreword by the Chief of General Staff 8 Commission for the White Paper on Defence 11 Key Findings and Recommendations 12 Traditions of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic 22 Chapter 1 Doorways to the Future 26 The Government’s Approach to National Defence Building 26 Civilian Management and Democratic Control 29 Designation of Competencies and Responsibilities for Defence 29 Political-Military Ambitions 29 Legislative Framework 31 Chapter 2 Strategic Environment 34 Background 34 Czech Security Interests 38 Security Threats and Risks 39 Chapter 3 Roles and Functions of the Czech Armed Forces 44 Roles of the Czech Armed Forces 44 Functions in the Czech National and NATO Collective Defence 44 Functions in International Cooperation 46 Functions in Supporting Civilian Bodies 47 Chapter 4 Defence Planning 52 Chapter 5 Financial Framework and Management System 56 Macroeconomic Perspective 56 Microeconomic Perspective 59 Financial Management in an Austernity Era 66 Chapter 6 Competent and Motivated People 74 People are the Priority 74 Personnel Management 79 Career Management 81 Preparation of Personnel 84 Salary and Welfare Policy 87 Chapter 7 Development of Capabilities 92 Political-Military Ambitions and Capabilities 92 Capabilities Perspective of the Armed Forces 93 Capability-Based
    [Show full text]
  • September 2016 • ISSN 1801-3422
    POLITICS IN CENTRAL EUROPE The Journal of the Central European Political Science Association Volume 12 • Number 2 • September 2016 • ISSN 1801-3422 ESSAYS Volume 12 • Number 2 • September 2016 2 • September 12 • Number Volume Three technocratic cabinets in the Czech Republic: a symptom of party failure? Miloš Brunclík The rise of person -based politics in the new democracies: the Czech Republic and Slovenia Ladislav Cabada and Matevž Tomšič Much more than Economy: Assessing electoral POLITICS IN CENTRAL IN POLITICS EUROPE Accountability in the CEE Member States Andrea Fumarola Anti -Romani Terrorism in Europe Miroslav Mareš DISCUSSION Czech Protest Movements in the 2014 European Parliament Elections Petr Just POLITICS in Central Europe The Journal of the Central European Political Science Association Volume 12 Number 2 September 2016 ISSN 1801-3422 EDITORIAL ESSAYS Three technocratic cabinets in the Czech Republic: a symptom of party failure? Miloš Brunclík The rise of person ‑based politics in the new democracies: the Czech Republic and Slovenia Ladislav Cabada and Matevž Tomšič Much more than Economy: Assessing electoral Accountability in the CEE Member States Andrea Fumarola Anti ‑Romani Terrorism in Europe Miroslav Mareš DISCUSSION Czech Protest Movements in the 2014 European Parliament Elections Petr Just Politics in Central Europe – The Journal of Central European Political Science Association is the official Journal of the Central European Political Science Association (CEPSA). Politics in Central Europe is a biannual (June and December), double­‑blind, peer­‑reviewed publication. Publisher: Metropolitan University Prague Press Dubečská 900/10, 100 31 Praha 10-Strašnice (Czech Republic) Printed by: Togga, s. r. o., Volutová 2524/12, 158 00 Praha (Czech Republic) Copyright © by Metropolitan University Prague, v.
    [Show full text]