Eastern Equatoria Torit, Eastern Equatoria
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Conflict and Crisis in South Sudan's Equatoria
SPECIAL REPORT NO. 493 | APRIL 2021 UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE www.usip.org Conflict and Crisis in South Sudan’s Equatoria By Alan Boswell Contents Introduction ...................................3 Descent into War ..........................4 Key Actors and Interests ............ 9 Conclusion and Recommendations ...................... 16 Thomas Cirillo, leader of the Equatoria-based National Salvation Front militia, addresses the media in Rome on November 2, 2019. (Photo by Andrew Medichini/AP) Summary • In 2016, South Sudan’s war expand- Equatorians—a collection of diverse South Sudan’s transitional period. ed explosively into the country’s minority ethnic groups—are fighting • On a national level, conflict resolu- southern region, Equatoria, trig- for more autonomy, local or regional, tion should pursue shared sover- gering a major refugee crisis. Even and a remedy to what is perceived eignty among South Sudan’s con- after the 2018 peace deal, parts of as (primarily) Dinka hegemony. stituencies and regions, beyond Equatoria continue to be active hot • Equatorian elites lack the external power sharing among elites. To spots for national conflict. support to viably pursue their ob- resolve underlying grievances, the • The war in Equatoria does not fit jectives through violence. The gov- political process should be expand- neatly into the simplified narratives ernment in Juba, meanwhile, lacks ed to include consultations with of South Sudan’s war as a power the capacity and local legitimacy to local community leaders. The con- struggle for the center; nor will it be definitively stamp out the rebellion. stitutional reform process of South addressed by peacebuilding strate- Both sides should pursue a nego- Sudan’s current transitional period gies built off those precepts. -
Cholera Situation Analysis and Hotspot Mapping in South Sudan
GTFCC Meeting for the Working Groups on CHOLERA SITUATION ANALYSIS Surveillance AND HOTSPOT MAPPING IN (Epidemiology and Laboratory) (15th to 17th SOUTH SUDAN March 2019) BACKGROUN D 1. South Sudan borders Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Sudan, DR Congo, & CAR 2. Got independence in 2011 3. Protracted Grade 3 crisis since 2013 (situation improving since Sept 2018) 4. Severe food insecurity – 7.1million (63% of population) – 45,000 faced with famine 5. 1.87 million IDPs & 2.27million refugees to neighboring countries 1. Multisectoral taskforce in place chaired by MoH with the other sectors (Water & COORDINATION OF Humanitarian Affairs) and partners (Health + WASH) CHOLERA CONTROL clusters as members 2. Draft National Cholera Control Plan pending WASH assessment & stakeholder review/costing 3. Implemented preventive OCV campaigns since 2017 (2.9 million doses approved 27/Mar/2019) 4. Sub-optimal involvement of other sectors and WASH in OCV preventive campaigns CHOLERA IN SOUTH 1. South Sudan endemic for SUDANcholera 2. Since the 2013 crisis onset – cholera outbreaks – 2014 - 2017 3. Between 2014-2017 at least 28,676 cases & 644 deaths reported 4. All outbreaks started in Juba 5. Cases reported along River Nile, cattle camps, IDPs, islands, & Commercial hubs 1600 Cholera cases in South Sudan, 2014 s e s a 1200 Cholera cases in South Sudan, 2014 s c e f s a o 2014 c f r 800 o 2014 e 1000 r e b b m 400 m CHOLERA IN u u N N 0 0 1 3 5 7 9 111315171921232527293133353739414345474951 1 3 5 7 9 111315171921232527293133353739414345474951 Week of onset Week of onset 1900 Cholera cases in South Sudan, 2015 s e s SOUTH a c 1600 Cholera cases in South Sudan, 2015 f o s r 900 e e 2015 b s m a 1200 u c N f o -100 r 800 1 3 5 7 9 111315171921232527293133353739414345474951 SUDAN e 2015 Week of onset b m 400 u Cholera cases in South Sudan, 2016 s N e 1600 s a 0 c f 1200 1. -
Water for Eastern Equatoria (W4EE)
Water for Eastern Equatoria (W4EE) he first integrated water resource management (IWRM) project of its kind in South Sudan, Water Water for Eastern for Eastern Equatoria (W4EE) was launched in Components 2013 as part of the broader bilateral water Tprogramme funded through the Dutch Multiannual Equatoria (W4EE) Strategic Plan for South Sudan (2012–2015). W4EE focuses on three interrelated From the very beginning, W4EE was planned as a pilot components: IWRM programme in the Torit and Kapoeta States of The role of integrated water resource manage- Eastern Equatoria focusing on holistic management of the ment in fostering resilience, delivering economic Kenneti catchment, conflict-sensitive oversight of water Component 1: Integrated water resource management of the development, improving health, and promoting for productive use such as livestock and farming, and Kenneti catchment and surrounds peace in a long-term process. improved access to safe drinking water as well as sanitati- on and hygiene. The goal has always been to replicate key Component 2: Conflict-sensitive management of water for learnings and best practice in other parts of South Sudan. productive use contributes to increased, sustained productivity, value addition in agriculture, horticulture, and livestock The Kenneti catchment is very important to the Eastern Equatoria region for economic, social, and biodiversity reasons. The river has hydropower potential, supports the Component 3: Safely managed and climate-resilient drinking livelihoods of thousands of households, and the surroun- water services and improved sanitation and hygiene are available, ding area hosts a national park with forests and wetlands operated and maintained in a sustainable manner. as well as wild animals and migratory birds. -
SOUTH SUDAN, FOURTH QUARTER 2018: Update on Incidents According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) Compiled by ACCORD, 25 February 2020
SOUTH SUDAN, FOURTH QUARTER 2018: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) compiled by ACCORD, 25 February 2020 Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality Number of reported fatalities National borders: GADM, November 2015a; administrative divisions: GADM, November 2015b; Abyei Area: SS- NBS, 1 December 2008; Ilemi triangle status and South Sudan/Sudan border status: UN Cartographic Section, Oc- tober 2011; incident data: ACLED, 22 February 2020; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 SOUTH SUDAN, FOURTH QUARTER 2018: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 25 FEBRUARY 2020 Contents Conflict incidents by category Number of Number of reported fatalities 1 Number of Number of Category incidents with at incidents fatalities Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality 1 least one fatality Violence against civilians 120 48 142 Conflict incidents by category 2 Battles 84 49 156 Development of conflict incidents from December 2016 to December 2018 2 Strategic developments 18 0 0 Protests 6 0 0 Methodology 3 Explosions / Remote 2 1 2 Conflict incidents per province 4 violence Riots 2 0 0 Localization of conflict incidents 4 Total 232 98 300 Disclaimer 5 This table is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 22 February 2020). Development of conflict incidents from December 2016 to December 2018 This graph is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 22 February 2020). 2 SOUTH SUDAN, FOURTH QUARTER 2018: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 25 FEBRUARY 2020 Methodology sources if necessary. -
Acute Watery Diarrhoea in Southern Sudan Date of Reporting
Acute Watery Diarrhoea in Southern Sudan Date of Reporting: 27 March 2006 Overview As of 26 March 2006, the cumulative number of cases reported, so far, from acute watery diarrhoea in Juba is 4,648 and the cumulative number of deaths reported, so far from Juba, is 90 (case fatality rate: 1.94%). In Yei, the cumulative number of cases, reported from acute watery diarrhoea, now stands at 1,819 (through 23-03-06) and the cumulative number of deaths stand at 54 (case fatality rate: 2.97%). In other areas reported cumulative cases total 2,927 cases with 104 deaths (case fatality rate: 3.55%). During last 48 hours, a total of 29 cases and 2 deaths from acute watery diarrhoea were reported from Juba. Overall, between 28 January to date, a total of 9,394 cases and 248 deaths with an overall case fatality rate of 2.64% was reported from this outbreak of acute watery diarrhoea in Southern Sudan. Table-1: Total number of reported cases and deaths from Acute Watery Diarrhoea, South Sudan 28 January – 26 March 2006 Town Date the Number Number Case- Cumulative Cumulative Overall first of cases of fatality number of number of case- “ index” reported deaths rate in cases deaths fatality case was in last reported last 24 reported till reported till rate reported 24 in last hours date date hours 24 hours Yei (up 28/01/06 NA NA - 1,819 54 2.97% to 23/03) Juba 06/02/06 16 2 12.5% 4,648 90 1.94% Other* 11/02/06 NA NA NA 2,927 104 3.55% TOTAL 9,394 248 2.64% NA: not available * Not all areas have reported through 26-03-06. -
Distribution of Ethnic Groups in Southern Sudan Exact Representationw Ohf Iteh En Isleituation Ins Tehnen Acrountry
Ethnic boundaries shown on this map are not an Distribution of Ethnic Groups in Southern Sudan exact representationW ohf iteh eN isleituation inS tehnen aCrountry. The administrative units and their names shown on this map do not imply White acceptance or recognition by the Government of Southern Sudan. Blue ") State Capitals This map aims only to support the work of the Humanitarian Community. Nile Renk Nile Sudan Renk Admin. Units County Level Southern Darfur Southern Shilluk Berta Admin. Units State Level Kordofan Manyo Berta Country Boundary Manyo Melut International Boundaries Shilluk Maban Sudan Fashoda Dinka (Abiliang) Abyei Pariang Upper Nile Burum Malakal Data Sources: National and State Dinka (Ruweng) ") boundaries based on Russian Sudan Malakal Baliet Abiemnhom Panyikang Map Series, 1:200k, 1970-ties. Rubkona Guit County Boundaries digitized based on Aweil North Statistical Yearbook 2009 Aweil East Twic Mayom ") Nuer (Jikany) Canal (Khor Fulus) Longochuk Southern Sudan Commission for Census, Dinka (Twic WS) Nuer (Bul) Statistics and Evaluation - SSCCSE. Fangak Dinka (Padeng) Digitized by IMU OCHA Southern Sudan Aweil West Dinka (Malual) Nuer (Lek) Gogrial East Unity Nuer (Jikany) Northern Bahr el Ghazal ") Luakpiny/Nasir Aweil Maiwut Aweil South Raga Koch Gogrial West Nuer (Jegai) Nyirol Ulang Nuer (Gawaar) Aweil Centre Warrap ") Tonj North Ayod Kwajok Mayendit Leer Dinka (Rek) Fertit Chad Nuer (Adok) Nuer (Lou) Jur Chol Tonj East ") Wau Akobo Western Bahr el Ghazal Nuer (Nyong) Dinka (Hol) Uror Duk Jur River Rumbek North Panyijar -
Symptoms and Causes: Insecurity and Underdevelopment in Eastern
sudanHuman Security Baseline Assessment issue brief Small Arms Survey Number 16 April 2010 Symptoms and causes Insecurity and underdevelopment in Eastern Equatoria astern Equatoria state (EES) is The survey was supplemented by qual- 24,789 (± 965) households in the one of the most volatile and itative interviews and focus group three counties contain at least one E conflict-prone states in South- discussions with key stakeholders in firearm. ern Sudan. An epicentre of the civil EES and Juba in January 2010. Respondents cited traditional lead- war (1983–2005), EES saw intense Key findings include: ers (clan elders and village chiefs) fighting between the Sudanese Armed as the primary security providers Across the entire sample, respond- Forces (SAF) and the Sudan People’s in their areas (90 per cent), followed ents ranked education and access Liberation Army (SPLA), as well by neighbours (48 per cent) and reli- to adequate health care as their numerous armed groups supported gious leaders (38 per cent). Police most pressing concerns, followed by both sides, leaving behind a legacy presence was only cited by 27 per by clean water. Food was also a top of landmines and unexploded ordnance, cent of respondents and the SPLA concern in Torit and Ikotos. Security high numbers of weapons in civilian by even fewer (6 per cent). ranked at or near the bottom of hands, and shattered social and com- Attitudes towards disarmament overall concerns in all counties. munity relations. were positive, with around 68 per When asked about their greatest EES has also experienced chronic cent of the total sample reporting a security concerns, respondents in food insecurity, a lack of basic services, willingness to give up their firearms, Torit and Ikotos cited cattle rustling, and few economic opportunities. -
Cross Border Intervention for Refugees Returnees and South Sudanese Host Community, Palabek Camp Lamwo District and Ikotos County)
Cross-border Refugees-Returnees Need Assessment (Palabek Camp Lamwo District and Ikotos County) Photo: Returnees Children footing to Ikotos Town Papa John Martin Sebastian Monitoring & Evaluation Officer, AVSI-Foundation South Sudan. Contact: Email address: [email protected] Mobile Phone: +211929840006 Skype: papajohnmartin30 Ikotos County, Torit State ICRROSS (Cross border intervention for Refugees Returnees and South Sudanese Host Community, Palabek Camp Lamwo District and Ikotos County) 1 Table of Context I. ACRONYMS: ……………………………………………………………………………….…………………. 2 II. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: ………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 III. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: …………………………………………………………………………………. 3 IV. Introduction: ………………………………………………………………………………………………... 5 (a) Background: ………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 1. Methodology: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 2. Objectives: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6 3. Key Findings: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6 A. Household Information: …………………………………………………………………….. 6 B. Relatives in Ikotos County: …………………………………………………………………. 7 C. Experience of returning back to South Sudan: ……………………………………. 8 D. Plan for the Future: ……………………………………………………………………………. 9 4. Recommendation: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10 I. ACRONYMS List of Acronyms ICRROSS: Cross border Intervention for Returnees Refugees of South Sudan and the Host community FE: Financial Education CEVSI: Cooperazione E Sviluppo AVSI: Association of Volunteers in International Service CBI: Cash base intervention AICS: -
Eastern Equatoria State
! Eas! tern Equatoria State Map ! ! ! ! ! ! 32°E 33°E ! 34°E 35°E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Anyidi Pe!ngko ! Marongodoa Towoth Mewun !! R. !" Upper Boma Bor Kangen ! ! ! Brong Kwal Tiu Macdit ! ! Gurgo Karita Gurbi Tukls! Pajok ! ! ! Nongwoli ! Boma Balwan !! Aluk Gw! alla! ! Katanich Titong Munini Cuei Machar Awan ! R. K ! ! ang Wowa Sudan ! Aliab ! en ! Logoda ! Malek ! ! Bor South ! Rigl Chilimun N N ° Jonglei Pibor ° ! Katchikan Kichepo Pariak! ! ! ! ! 6 ! !Pariak 6 ! Lowelli a Lochiret River Bellel l l ! Aw! erial i t Kenamuke Swamp ! ! ! Panabang o L r Ngechele . ! Neria a Kanopir ! Natibok Kabalatigo R ! ! ! w South Ethiopia ! Moru Kimod G Rongada Central ! . R African Sudan R Tombi ! . N R. Republic Gwojo-Adung a Ch ! r Kassangor alb ! Tiarki o ! o !Bori ng ! ! ! Moru Kerri Kuron Gigging ! ! ! Mun! i " ! Karn Ethi Kerkeng ! ! ! ! Nakadocwa i Gemmaiza r i Democratic t Kobowen Swamp Moru Ethi Borichadi Bokuna ! i ! ! Wani Mika ! Poko Kassengo Selemani ! Pagar S ! Nabwel ! Republic of Congo ! Chabong ! Uganda ! Tukara . ! R Kenyi ! River Nakua Kenya ! Moru Angbin Mukajo Terekeka ! ! ! ! Bulu Koli Gali ) Awakot Lotimor ! t ! ! ! i ! ! Akitukomoi ! Tumu River G! era e Nanyangachor l Napalap ! l Kalaruz ! Namoropus i ! t ! Logono Kangitabok Lomokori o Eyata Moru Kolinyagkopil ! Terekeka ! ! ! ! Wit " L Natilup Swamp ETHIOPIA ! ( Magara Umm Gura Mwanyakapin ! ! ! R n Abuilingakine Lomareng Plateau . ! ! R N ! W a R ak Juban y . u Rambo l Lokodopotok . ! h ! ! ! a ! L a N Katirima Nai A (S i Lomuleye ! ! t o a k ! c e Badigeru Swamp River Lokuja a Losagam Musha Lukwatuk Pass Doinyoro East h ! ! ! p ! ! ! o i) Buboli r N ! o L o River Lokorowa Pongo Watha Peth Hills ! t . -
Central Equatoria Eastern Equatoria Jonglei Lakes
For Humanitarian Purposes Only SOUTH SUDAN Production date: 10 Mar 2017 Eastern Equatoria State - WASH INDICATOR REACH calculated the areas more likely to have WASH needs basing the estimation on the data collected between January and February 2017 with the Area of Knowledge (AoK) approach, using the following methEodotloghy. iopia The indicator was created by averaging the percentages of key informants (KIs) reporting on the J o n g l e i following for specific settlements: - Accessibility to safe drinking water 0% indicates a reported impossibility to access safe drinking water by all KIs, while 100% indicates safe drinking water was reported accessible by each KI. Only assessed settlements are shown on the map. Values for different settlements have been averaged L a k e s and represented with hexagons 10km wide. Kapoeta Lopa County Kapoeta East North County County C e n t r a l E a s t e r n E q u a t o r i a Imehejek E q u a t o r i a Lohutok Kapoeta South County Narus Torit Torit County Budi County Magwi Lotukei Ikotos County Pageri Parajok Magwi County Nimule Kenya Uganda Sudan 0 25 50 km Data sources: Ethiopia Settlements assessed Boundaries WASH indicator Thematic indicators: REACH Administrative boundaries: UNOCHA; State capital International 0.81 - 1 Settlements: UNOCHA; County capital 0.61 - 0.8 Coordinate System:GCS WGS 1984 C.A.R. County Contact: [email protected] Principal town 0.41 - 0.6 Note: Data, designations and boundaries contained Juba State Village 0.21 - 0.4 on this map are not warranted to be error-free and do not imply acceptance by the REACH partners, Disputed area associates, donors or any other stakeholder D.R.C. -
Eastern Equatoria State Map 32°0'0"E 33°0'0"E 34°0'0"E 35°0'0"E Makuac Lyodein Pengko Towot Mewun )" Bor Brong Anyidi Marongodoa Boma O Macdit N Deng Shol R
Eastern Equatoria State Map 32°0'0"E 33°0'0"E 34°0'0"E 35°0'0"E Makuac Lyodein Pengko Towot Mewun )" Bor Brong Anyidi Marongodoa Boma o Macdit n Deng Shol R. Kang )" Upper Boma Gurgo i en e Legend Karita Gurbi Nyelichu M Tukls Nongwoli Pajok Gwalla Aluk Balwan . Settlements Kolnyang Katanich Titong R Munini Awan R. Kan Wowa Type gen N Aliab Logoda N Malek Bor South " Jonglei Pibor Rigl Chilimun ") State Capitals " 0 0 ' Awerial Lowelli Katchikan Kichepo ' 0 Pariak ") Larger Towns 0 ° Dijeyr a Lochiret River Bellel ° Pariak l l 6 i Kenamuke Swamp 6 t " Towns o W L Ngechele Neria Lakes . Big Villages r h Kanopir Natibok Kabalatigo R a i t e Ethiopia w Moru Kimod Small Villages Rongada N G i . Tombi l e R Main Road Network R . Gwojo-Adung Ch Kassangor alb Main Rivers Tiarki Bori ong Moru Kerri Kuron Gigging Muni Lakes/Marshland " Karn Ethi Kerkeng Nakadocwa Admin. Units County Level Gemmaiza i R r i Kobowen Swamp . Borichadi t Moru Ethi Bokuna Poko i N Kassengo Selemani Admin. Units State Level Pagar S Nabwel a Chabong Tukara . r R Kenyi o River Nakua Country Boundary Terekeka Moru Angbin Mukajo Lotimor Sudan Bulu Koli Gali ) Awakot t Akitukomoi i Tumu Nanyangachor e l Napalap International Boundaries l Kalaruz Namoropus i River Gera Terekeka t Logono Kangitabok Lomokori o Eyata Moru Kolinyagkopil Wit L Natilup Swamp Magara ( )" Umm Gura Mwanyakapin R n Abuilingakine . R N W Lomareng Plateau a R ak Juban y . u l Lokodopotok Rambo . -
Eastern Equatoria State
! Ea!stern Equatoria State Map ! ! ! ! ! ! 32°E 33°E 34°E 35°E ! ! ! Makuac ! Lyodein ! Pengko River Tigaro Mewun Bor ! ! ! ! Brong ! Boma o ! Anyidi ! Marongodoa Towoth ! ! ! n Macdit R " Gurgo i Deng Shol . Kang ! ! ! en Upper Boma e Kwal Tiu ! Karita Nyelichu ! Gurbi ! ! ! Balwan M Tukls Nongwoli Pajok ! ! . Gwa!!lla ! ! Aluk Kolnyang ! Katanich Titong R Munini ! R. K ! ! Sudan ang Wowa ! Aliab ! en ! Logoda ! Malek Bor South ! ! Jonglei Pibor !Rigl Chilimun N N ° ! Pariak Lowelli Katchikan Kichepo ° ! Pariak ! ! ! ! 6 ! ! 6 ! a Lochiret River Bellel l l ! Awerial i ! t Kenamuke Swamp ! ! ! o PanabangW L r Ngechele ! . Neria Ethiopia a h Kanopir ! Natibok Kabalatigo South i R ! ! ! w t Central e ! Moru Kimod G ! Rongada African Sudan N . i R R Tombi l Republic ! e . N R. Gwojo-Adung a Ch ! ro Kassangor alb ! Tiarki ! o !Bori ng ! ! ! Moru Kerri Kuron Gigging ! ! ! Mun! i " ! Karn Ethi Kerkeng ! ! ! ! Nakadocwa Democratic i Gemmaiza r i Republic of Congo t Kobowen Swamp Moru Ethi Borichadi Bokuna ! Poko i ! ! Uganda Wani Mika ! ! Kassengo ! Selemani ! Pagar S ! Nabwel ! Chabong Kenya ! Tukara . ! ! R River Nakua ! Kenyi Terekeka ! Moru Angbin ! Mukajo ! ! Bulu Koli Gali ) Awakot Lotimor ! t ! ! ! ! Akitukomoi i Tumu River Gera ! e ! Nanyangachor ! l Napalap l Kalaruz ! Namoropus ! i ! t ! ETHIOPIA Kangitabok Lomokori o Eyata Moru Kolinyagkopil Logono Terekeka ! ! ! ! Wit ! L ! " ( Natilup Swamp Magara Umm Gura Mwanyakapin ! ! ! R n Abuilingakine Lomareng Plateau . ! ! R N ! a R ak y . Juban l u ! ! Rambo Lokodopoto!k . ! ! a L ( a N Lomuleye Katirima Nai A S ! ! o a k ! Badigeru Swamp River Lokuja a Losagam Musha Lukwatuk Pass Doinyoro East ch ! ! ! p ! ! ! o i Buboli r ) ! o L o Pongo River Lokorowa ! Watha Peth Hills .