Checklist of Montana Vascular Plants February 14, 2012 By Scott Mincemoyer Montana Natural Heritage Program Helena, MT This checklist of Montana vascular plants is organized by Division, Class and Family. Species are listed alphabetically within this hierarchy. Synonyms, if any, are listed below each species and are slightly indented from the main species list. The list is generally composed of species which have been documented in the state and are vouchered by a specimen collection deposited at a recognized herbaria. Additionally, some species are included on the list based on their presence in the state being reported in published and unpublished botanical literature or through data submitted to MTNHP. The checklist is made possible by the contributions of numerous botanists, natural resource professionals and plant enthusiasts throughout Montana’s history. Recent work by Peter Lesica on a revised Flora of Montana (Lesica 2011) has been invaluable for compiling this checklist as has Lavin and Seibert’s “Grasses of Montana” (2011). Additionally, published volumes of the Flora of North America (FNA 1993+) have also proved very beneficial during this process. The taxonomy and nomenclature used in this checklist relies heavily on these previously mentioned resources, but does not strictly follow anyone of them. The Checklist of Montana Vascular Plants can be viewed or downloaded from the Montana Natural Heritage Program’s website at: http://mtnhp.org/plants/default.asp This publication will be updated periodically with more frequent revisions anticipated initially due to the need for further review of the taxonomy and nomenclature of particular taxonomic groups (e.g. Crataegus, Physaria) and the need to clarify the presence or absence in the state of some species. Please send comments and suggested revisions to the author. Number of Taxa Recognized 10 Largest Families in Flora 10 Largest Genera in Flora Families: 133 Asteraceae: 378 species Carex: 130 species Genera: 725 Poaceae: 247 Astragalus: 49 Species: 2559 Cyperaceae: 174 Erigeron: 37 Infraspecific Taxa: 276 Brassicaceae: 140 Salix: 35 Hybrid Taxa: 16 Fabaceae: 132 Penstemon: 32 Unique Taxa: 2735 Rosaceae: 102 Juncus: 31 Native: 2282 Caryophyllaceae: 70 Senecio: 29 Exotic: 439 Plantaginaceae: 70 Potentilla: 28 Ranunculaceae: 68 Ranunculus: 27 Amaranthaceae: 58 Polygonum: 24 *The number of Native and Exotic Taxa may not equal the number of Unique Taxa due to the uncertain origin of some taxa and due to some taxa, which are only reported for Montana, being categorized as undetermined. Additional Data Columns Global and State Status Ranks as assigned by NatureServe and the Montana Natural Heritage Program are included for each species. Origin refers to the status of the species in Montana. For species in which there is uncertainty as to its origin in the state, a value of Unknown/Undetermined is given. 1 State Status: This column shows the status of each species in the state, if any. Status designations include Species of Concern, Potential Species of Concern, Status Under Review and Reported taxa. Status Under Review is a designation that highlights those species which are in need of additional information to reliably assign a State Rank or Status or that may be of questionable taxonomic status. Wetland Indictor Status will be added for each species pending completion of the national and regional revisions of wetland Indictor Status values, which are expected to be finalized late in 2011. Coefficients of Conservatism values are from Jones (2005). These values are used in Floristic Quality Assessments and are a ranking of a species’ ability to tolerate disturbance or conversely, a species fidelity to high-quality natural areas. References Dorn, R.D. 1984. Vascular Plants of Montana. Mountain West Publishing, Cheyenne, WY. 276 pp. Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 8+ vols. New York and Oxford. On-line at http://hua.huh.harvard.edu/FNA/ and http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1 Hitchcock, C.L and A. Cronquist. 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest. Univ of Washington Press, Seattle, WA. Jones, W. M. 2005. A Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity for Small-order Streams in Southwest Montana and a Floristic Quality Assessment for Western Montana Wetlands. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena, MT. 29pp. + Appendices. On-line at: http://mtnhp.org/Reports/07_2005_Red_Rock.pdf Lavin, M. and C. Seibert. 2011. Grasses of Montana. MSU Herbarium, Dept of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT. 65 pp. On-line at: http://www.montana.edu/mlavin/herb/mtgrass.pdf Lesica, P. 2011. Flora of Montana. Unpublished Draft. 778 pp. This document should be cited as follows: Mincemoyer, S. 2012. Checklist of Montana Vascular Plants: Dated February 14, 2012. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena, MT. 72 pp. 2 Scientific Name Common Name Global State Origin State Wetland Ind. C Of C Rank Rank Status Status Value Pinophyta Pinopsida Cupressaceae Juniperus communis Common Juniper G5 S5 Native Juniperus horizontalis Creeping Juniper G5 S5 Native Juniperus osteosperma Utah Juniper G5 S3S4 Native Juniperus scopulorum Rocky Mountain Juniper G5 S5 Native Thuja plicata Western Redcedar G5 S5 Native 7 Pinaceae Abies grandis Grand Fir G5 S4S5 Native Abies lasiocarpa Subalpine Fir G5 S5 Native Abies bifolia Larix lyallii Alpine Larch G4 S4 Native Larix occidentalis Western Larch G5 S5 Native Picea engelmannii Engelmann Spruce G5 S5 Native 4 Picea glauca White Spruce G5 S3S4 Native Pinus albicaulis Whitebark Pine G4 S2 Native SOC Pinus contorta Lodgepole Pine G5 S5 Native Pinus flexilis Limber Pine G5 S5 Native Pinus monticola Western White Pine G5 S3? Native Review Pinus ponderosa Ponderosa Pine G5 S5 Native Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas-fir G5 S5 Native Tsuga heterophylla Western Hemlock G5 S4 Native Tsuga mertensiana Mountain Hemlock G5 S4 Native Taxaceae Taxus brevifolia Pacific Yew G4G5 S4 Native Lycophyta Isoetopsida Isoetaceae Isoetes bolanderi Bolander's Quillwort G4 S4 Native 7 Isoetes echinospora Spiny-spore Quillwort G5? S2? Native Review Isoetes howellii Howell's Quillwort G4G5 S2? Native Review 8 Isoetes occidentalis Western Quillwort G4G5 S1? Native Review Isoetes lacustris var. paupercula Selaginellaceae Selaginella densa Dense Spike-moss G5 S5 Native Selaginella densa var. densa Lesser Spikemoss G5T5? SNR Native Selaginella densa var. scopulorum Rocky Mountain Spikemoss G5T4T5 SNR Native Selaginella densa var. standleyi Standley's Spike-moss G5T3T5 SU Native Review Selaginella selaginoides Low Spike-moss G5 S2S3 Native SOC Selaginella wallacei Wallace's Spike-moss G5 S3? Native Selaginella watsonii Watson's Spike-moss G4 S3? Native Review Lycopodiopsida Lycopodiaceae Huperzia chinensis Chinese Clubmoss G4 S2S3 Native Review Huperzia miyoshiana Huperzia selago ssp. chinensis Lycopodium selago ssp. chinense Huperzia haleakalae Pacific Clubmoss G4G5 S2S3 Native Review Lycopodium haleakalae Huperzia occidentalis Western Clubmoss G5 S2S3 Native Review Lycopodium selago [misapplied] Lycopodium alpinum Alpine Clubmoss G5 S3S4 Native Review 9 Diphasiastrum alpinum Lycopodium annotinum Stiff Clubmoss G5 S4 Native 6 Lycopodium clavatum Running-pine G5 S2S3 Native Review 10 Lycopodium complanatum Trailing Clubmoss G5 S3S4 Native 7 3 Scientific Name Common Name Global State Origin State Wetland Ind. C Of C Rank Rank Status Status Value Diphasiastrum complanatum Lycopodium dendroideum Treelike Clubmoss G5 S2 Native SOC Lycopodium obscurum var. dendroideum Lycopodium inundatum Northern Bog Clubmoss G5 S2 Native SOC Lycopodiella inundata Lycopodium lagopus Running-pine G5 S2 Native SOC Lycopodium clavatum var. lagopus Lycopodium sitchense Alaskan Clubmoss G5 S3? Native Review Diphasiastrum sitchense Filicinophyta Filicopsida Aspleniaceae Asplenium trichomanes Maidenhair Spleenwort G5 SH Native SOC Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum Limestone Maidenhair Spleenwort G4 S2S3 Native Review Asplenium viride Azollaceae Azolla filiculoides Pacific mosquitofern G5 SNR Unkn/Undt Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium aquilinum Bracken Fern G5 S4 Native Dryopteridaceae Athyrium alpestre Alpine Ladyfern G4G5 S3S4 Native Review Athyrium americanum Athyrium distentifolium Athyrium filix-femina Ladyfern G5 S4 Native 5 Cystopteris fragilis Brittle Bladder Fern G5 S4S5 Native Cystopteris montana Mountain Bladder Fern G5 SH Native SOC 10 Dryopteris carthusiana Spinulose Shieldfern G5 S3? Native Review Dryopteris austriaca Dryopteris spinulosa Dryopteris cristata Crested Shieldfern G5 S3 Native SOC 9 Dryopteris expansa Spreading Woodfern G5 S3? Native Review Dryopteris dilatata Dryopteris filix-mas Male Fern G5 S3S4 Native Gymnocarpium dryopteris Northern Oak Fern G5 S4 Native 7 Gymnocarpium disjunctum Polystichum andersonii Anderson Holly-fern G4 S2S3 Native Review Polystichum kruckebergii Kruckeberg's Swordfern G4 S1 Native SOC Polystichum lonchitis Northern Holly-fern G5 S4S5 Native Polystichum munitum Western Swordfen G5 S3? Native Review Polystichum scopulinum Mountain Holly-fern G5 S1 Native SOC Woodsia oregana Western Cliff Fern G5 S3? Native Review Woodsia scopulina Rocky Mountain Woodsia G5 S4 Native Marsileaceae Marsilea oligospora Pepperwort G5 S1? Unkn/Undt Review Marsilea vestita Hairy Water Fern G5 S3 Native 4 Polypodiaceae Polypodium hesperium Western Polypody G5 S3? Native Review Pteridaceae Adiantum aleuticum Maidenhair Fern G5? S3S4 Native 7 Adiantum pedatum ssp. aleuticum Aspidotis densa Lace Fern G5 SNR Native