DOCSLIB.ORG

QEOCHEMISTRY of the NORTHERN ATLANTIC J COASTAL PLAIN AQUIFER SYSTEM

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
QEOCHEMISTRY of the NORTHERN ATLANTIC J COASTAL PLAIN AQUIFER SYSTEM QEOCHEMISTRY OF THE NORTHERN ATLANTIC j COASTAL PLAIN AQUIFER SYSTEM *> lie \ MARYLAND > - v .; PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1404-L USGS ? we for a changing world AVAILABILITY OF BOOKS AND MAPS OF THE US. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Instructions on ordering publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, along with prices of the last offerings, are given in the current- year issues of the monthly catalog "New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey." Prices of available U.S. Geological Survey publica­ tions released prior to the current year are listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List." Publications that may be listed in various U.S. Geological Survey catalogs (see back inside cover) but not listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List" may be no longer available. Order U.S. Geological Survey publications by mail or over the counter from the offices given below. BY MAIL OVER THE COUNTER Books Books and Maps Professional Papers, Bulletins, Water-Supply Papers, Tech­ Books and maps of the U.S. Geological Survey are available niques of Water-Resources Investigations, Circulars, publications over the counter at the following U.S. Geological Survey Earth of general interest (such as leaflets, pamphlets, booklets), single Science Information Centers (ESIC's), all of which are authorized copies of Preliminary Determination of Epicenters, and some mis­ agents of the Superintendent of Documents: cellaneous reports, including some of the foregoing series that have gone out of print at the Superintendent of Documents, are obtain­ ANCHORAGE, Alaska Rm. 101, 4230 University Dr. able by mail from LAKEWOOD, Colorado Federal Center, Bldg. 810 U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services MENLO PARK, California Bldg. 3, Rm. 3128, 345 Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 Middlefield Rd. Subscriptions to Preliminary Determination of Epicenters can RESTON, Virginia USGS National Center, Rm. 1C402, be obtained ONLY from the 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr. SALT LAKE CITY, Utah 2222 West 2300 South Superintendent of Documents Government Printing Office SPOKANE, Washington U.S. Post Office Bldg., Rm. 135, Washington, DC 20402 West 904 Riverside Ave. WASHINGTON, D.C. Main Interior Bldg., Rm. 2650,18th (Check or money order must be payable to Superintendent of and C Sts., NW. Documents.) Maps Only Maps Maps may be purchased over the counter at the following For maps, address mail orders to U.S. Geological Survey office: U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 ROLLA, Missouri 1400 Independence Rd. Geochemistry of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System By LEROY L. KNOBEL, FRANCIS H. CHAPELLE, and HAROLD MEISLER REGIONAL AQUIFER-SYSTEM ANALYSIS- NORTHERN ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1404-L 1998 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas J. Casadevall, Acting Director The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. 1998 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publications Data Knobel, LeRoy L. Geochemistry of the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system / by LeRoy L. Knobel, Francis H. Chapelle, and Harold Meisler. p. cm. (Regional aquifer-system analysis northern Atlantic Coastal Plain) (U.S. Geological Survey pro­ fessional paper ; 1404-L) Includes bibliographical references. Supt. of Docs. no. : I19.16:1404-L 1. Water chemistry. 2. Aquifers Atlantic Coast (U.S.). I. Chapelle, Frank. II. Meisler, Harold. III. Title. IV. Series. V. Series: U.S. Geological Survey professional paper ; 1404-L. GB857.2.A85K56 1997 551.49'00974 dc20 94-28618 CIP ISBN 0-607-88577-7 For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Branch of Information Services Box 25286, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 FOREWORD THE REGIONAL AQUIFER-SYSTEM ANALYSIS PROGRAM The RASA Program represents a systematic effort to study a number of the Nation's most important aquifer systems, which, in aggregate, underlie much of the country and which represent an important component of the Nation's total water supply. In general, the boundaries of these studies are identified by the hydrologic extent of each system and, accordingly, tran­ scend the political subdivisions to which investigations have often arbi­ trarily been limited in the past. The broad objective for each study is to assemble geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical information, to analyze and develop an understanding of the system, and to develop predictive capabili­ ties that will contribute to the effective management of the system. The use of computer simulation is an important element of the RASA studies to develop an understanding of the natural, undisturbed hydrologic system and the changes brought about in it by human activities and to provide a means of predicting the regional effects of future pumping or other stresses. The final interpretive results of the RASA Program are presented in a series of U.S. Geological Survey Professional Papers that describe the geology, hydrology, and geochemistry of each regional aquifer system. Each study within the RASA Program is assigned a single Professional Paper number beginning with Professional Paper 1400. L Thomas J. Casadevall Acting Director CONTENTS Foreword................................................................................................... Ill Interpretation of Hydrochemical Fades, by Aquifer Continued Abstract..................................................................................................... LI Beaufort-Aquia Aquifer............................................................... L21 Introduction.............................................................................................. 1 North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland.......................... 21 Purpose and Scope......................................................................... 2 New Jersey........................................................................... 21 Data Compilation and Analysis.................................................... 2 Peedee-Severn Aquifer................................................................ 21 Previous Studies............................................................................ 2 North Carolina..................................................................... 21 Acknowledgments.......................................................................... 4 Maryland, Delaware, and New Jersey.............................. 21 Description of the Study Area............................................................... 4 Black Creek-Matawan Aquifer................................................... 22 Location and Extent...................................................................... 4 North Carolina..................................................................... 22 Physiography.................................................................................. 4 Maryland and Delaware...................................................... 23 Climate............................................................................................ 4 New Jersey........................................................................... 23 Hydrogeology................................................................................. 5 Magothy Aquifer in Maryland, Delaware, and New Jersey.... 23 Patterns of Ground-Water Flow.................................................. 7 Upper Potomac Aquifer in North Carolina, Virginia, and Geographical Distribution of Dissolved Constituents........................ 10 Maryland.......................................................................... 24 Sources of Dissolved Constituents.............................................. 10 Middle Potomac Aquifer............................................................... 24 Hydrochemical Fades................................................................... 10 North Carolina and Virginia............................................... 24 Data Base.............................................................................. 10 Maryland, Delaware, and New Jersey.............................. 25 Definition of Hydrochemical Fades.................................. 12 Lower Potomac Aquifer................................................................ 25 Water of Variable Composition................................ 12 North Carolina and Virginia............................................... 25 Calcium plus Magnesium Bicarbonate Water........ 12 Maryland, Delaware, and New Jersey.............................. 25 Sodium Bicarbonate Water....................................... 12 Observations................................................................................... 25 Sodium Chloride Water............................................. 12 Summary and Conclusions...................................................................... 26 Progression of Fades.......................................................... 13 Selected References................................................................................ 27 Controls on the Distribution of Dissolved Constituents.................... 13 Appendixes Mineral Stability............................................................................ 13 A: Limestone Terranes, Phosphate Diagenesis, and Siderite Temperature and Pressure................................................. 13 Cementation North Carolina and New Jersey........ 36 Dissolved Gases...................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Federal Register/Vol. 63, No. 241/Wednesday, December 16, 1998/Rules and Regulations
    Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 241 / Wednesday, December 16, 1998 / Rules and Regulations 69191 DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY date of the publication of the final rule PART 357ÐREGULATIONS and had concluded that they were GOVERNING BOOK-ENTRY Fiscal Service substantially identical to the uniform TREASURY BONDS, NOTES AND version. Those 28 states were BILLS 31 CFR Part 357 enumerated and listed by name 1. The authority citation for Part 357 [Department of the Treasury Circular, Public alphabetically in a footnote. continues to read as follows: Debt Series, No. 2±86] Treasury further indicated that it would publish in the Federal Register a Authority: 31 U.S.C. Chapter 31; 5 U.S.C. Regulations Governing Book-Entry 301; 12 U.S.C. 391. notice setting forth its conclusion as to Treasury Bonds, Notes and Bills whether additional state enactments of 2. Appendix B to Part 357 is amended AGENCY: Bureau of the Public Debt, Revised Article 8 are ``substantially in the Section-by-Section Analysis for Fiscal Service, Treasury. identical'' to the uniform version for Section 357.11(b), in the third ACTION: Final rule. purposes of the regulations. Treasury paragraph, by revising the fourth has published such notices with respect sentence and footnote 11 to read as SUMMARY: The Department of the to 22 states: California (62 FR 26, follows: Treasury is publishing a final rule to January 2, 1997), District of Columbia Appendix B to Part 357ÐTRADES amend its TRADES Commentary (62 FR 34010, June 18, 1997), Delaware, Commentary (Appendix B of 31 CFR Part 357), to Hawaii, Maine, Missouri, Montana, update the list of states that have Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North * * * * * enacted Revised Article 8 of the Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Section-by-Section Analysis Uniform Commercial Code and that Tennessee and Puerto Rico (62 FR were the subject of prior notices 61912, November 20, 1997), South * * * * * published by Treasury in the Federal Dakota (63 FR 20099, April 23, 1998), Section 357.11ÐLaw Governing Other Register.
    [Show full text]
  • Alkalinity Management in Soilless Substrates and Landscape Architecture Roberto G
    Purdue extension HO-242-W Commercial Greenhouse and Nursery Production Purdue Department of Horticulture Alkalinity Management in Soilless Substrates and Landscape Architecture Roberto G. Lopez and Michael V. Mickelbart, Purdue Horticulture and Landscape Architecture www.hort.purdue.edu Ohio State University Horticulture Claudio Pasian, Ohio State University Horticulture and Crop Science and Crop Science www.hcs.osu.edu Purdue Floriculture Greenhouse and nursery growers often assume yellow and pale leaves are signs of nutritional flowers.hort.purdue.edu deficiencies. Sometimes, however, the problem may be due to a lack of specific nutrients in the substrate — in other cases, the nutrients may be present but high substrate pH makes them unavailable to the plant. Growers commonly add sulfuric or other acids to irrigation water to help lower substrate pH or apply iron chelates to quickly “green up” their crops before shipping. Unfortunately, growers often do not have a clear understanding of the underlying causes behind increased substrate pH — water alkalinity, rather than water pH, is typically the source of the problem. The purpose of this publication is to help growers differentiate between high pH and high alkalinity and how to manage alkalinity in soilless substrates. What Is pH? The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. Examples of solutions are tap water and the water in the substrate inside a pot. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A value of 7.0, which is pure water, is neutral. Values less than 7.0 are called acidic, and values greater than 7 are called basic or alkaline.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Statistics for Selected Common Ions, Including Dissolved
    Common Ions Precambrian Aquifers Summary statistics for selected common ions, Generally, water from the Precambrian aquifers including dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, is fresh (less than 1,000 mg/L dissolved solids concen- sodium, percent sodium, sodium-adsorption ratio tration). Calcium and bicarbonate generally are dominant among the common ions. Water from the (SAR), potassium, bicarbonate, carbonate, sulfate, Precambrian aquifers has the highest median chloride chloride, fluoride, bromide, iodide, and silica, are concentration, lowest mean and median concentrations presented in table 4. The significance of the various of calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate, and the common ions is described in table 1. Boxplots are pre- lowest median sulfate (equal to the Deadwood aquifer) sented in figure 16 for each of the common ions, except of the major aquifers. for carbonate. The water type for the various aquifers The water type of the Precambrian aquifers also is discussed in this section. Trilinear diagrams generally is a calcium bicarbonate or a calcium magne- (fig. 17) are presented for each of the aquifers. sium bicarbonate type but also can be a mixed type Changes in water type as ground water flows down- (fig. 17). The original rock mineralogy, degree of gradient are discussed for the Madison, Minnelusa, and metamorphism, and degree of weathering all can Inyan Kara aquifers. contribute to the variations in water type. Two of 56 samples from Precambrian aquifers Specific conductance can be used to estimate the exceed the SMCL of 500 mg/L for dissolved solids. concentration of dissolved solids using the equations Two of 112 samples exceed the SMCL of 250 mg/L for presented in table 5.
    [Show full text]
  • ( 12 ) United States Patent
    US010682325B2 (12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No.: US 10,682,325 B2 Comb et al. (45 ) Date of Patent : * Jun . 16 , 2020 (54 ) COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR THE 3,988,466 A 10/1976 Takagi et al. TREATMENT OF LIVER DISEASES AND 4,496,703 A 1/1985 Steinmetzer 4,871,550 A 10/1989 Millman DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH ONE OR 4,898,879 A 2/1990 Madsen et al . BOTH OF HYPERAMMONEMIA OR 4,908,214 A 3/1990 Bobee et al. MUSCLE WASTING 5,028,622 A 7/1991 Plaitakis 5,034,377 A 7/1991 Adibi et al. 5,106,836 A 4/1992 Clemens et al . ( 71) Applicant: AXCELLA HEALTH INC . , 5,229,136 A 7/1993 Mark et al. Cambridge , MA (US ) 5,276,018 A 1/1994 Wilmore 5,348,979 A 9/1994 Nissen et al . (72 ) Inventors : William Comb , Melrose , MA (US ); 5,356,873 A 10/1994 Mark et al . Sean Carroll, Cambridge, MA (US ) ; 5,405,835 A 4/1995 Mendy Raffi Afeyan , Boston , MA (US ) ; 5,438,042 A 8/1995 Schmidl et al. 5,504,072 A 4/1996 Schmidl et al. Michael Hamill, Wellesley , MA (US ) 5,520,948 A 5/1996 Kvamme 5,571,783 A 11/1996 Montagne et al. (73 ) Assignee : AXCELLA HEALTH INC . , 5,576,351 A 11/1996 Yoshimura et al . Cambridge, MA (US ) 5,712,309 A 1/1998 Finnin et al . 5,719,133 A 2/1998 Schmidl et al. Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 5,719,134 A 2/1998 Schmidl et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Cape May County Transportation Study
    Cape May County Transportation Study Prepared by: Cape May County Planning Department 4 Moore Road Cape may Court House, New Jersey 08210 www.capemaycountygov.net 2006 Cover: Rendering of Proposed Middle Thorofare Bridge Replacement, Ocean Drive (Co. Rd. 621) Lower Township. Cape May County Transportation Plan 2006 CAPE MAY COUNTY PLANNING BOARD Resolution Number 03-06 ADOPTING THE CAPE MAY COUNTY TRANSPORTATION PLAN Whereas, the County of Cape May seeks to provide state-of-the-art transportation facilities for the convenience and safety of its residents and visitors; and Whereas, it is necessary to provide a Transportation Plan to meet the current and future transportation needs of the County and to satisfy Federal and State planning requirements; and Whereas, Cape May County has prepared said plan addressing these issues and wishes to adopt this plan as the Transportation Element of the Cape May County Comprehensive Plan; and Whereas, prior to the adoption of any component or amendment of a County Comprehensive Plan a public hearing must be held in accordance with NJSA 40:27-4; and Whereas, on September 19, 2006 the Cape May County Planning Board held such a public hearing and listened to and addressed the concerns of the public regarding the plan. Now Therefore Be It Resolved by the Cape May County Planning Board that the Cape May County Transportation Plan is hereby adopted as the Transportation Element of the Cape May County Comprehensive Plan; and Now Therefore Be It Further Resolved, that in accordance with the provisions of NJSA 40:27-4, attested copies of this plan shall be certified to the Cape May County Board of Chosen Freeholders, the Cape May County Park Commission, and the Municipal Clerks of all municipalities in the County.
    [Show full text]
  • Distances Between United States Ports 2019 (13Th) Edition
    Distances Between United States Ports 2019 (13th) Edition T OF EN CO M M T M R E A R P C E E D U N A I C T I E R D E S M T A ATES OF U.S. Department of Commerce Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., Secretary of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) RDML Timothy Gallaudet., Ph.D., USN Ret., Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and Acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere National Ocean Service Nicole R. LeBoeuf, Deputy Assistant Administrator for Ocean Services and Coastal Zone Management Cover image courtesy of Megan Greenaway—Great Salt Pond, Block Island, RI III Preface Distances Between United States Ports is published by the Office of Coast Survey, National Ocean Service (NOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), pursuant to the Act of 6 August 1947 (33 U.S.C. 883a and b), and the Act of 22 October 1968 (44 U.S.C. 1310). Distances Between United States Ports contains distances from a port of the United States to other ports in the United States, and from a port in the Great Lakes in the United States to Canadian ports in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River. Distances Between Ports, Publication 151, is published by National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) and distributed by NOS. NGA Pub. 151 is international in scope and lists distances from foreign port to foreign port and from foreign port to major U.S. ports. The two publications, Distances Between United States Ports and Distances Between Ports, complement each other.
    [Show full text]
  • The Solubility of Magnesium Carbonate in Aqueous Solutions of Certain
    c THE SOLUBILITY OF MAGNESIUM CARBONATE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF CERTAIN ELECTROLYTES I BY F. K. CAMERON AND A. SEIDEIJ, P The work herein described was done in connection with and for the most part antedated that upon the solubility of cal- cium carbonate in solutions of other salts, which has already been described.z The solubility of magnesium carbonate is obviously depen- dent upon the partial pressure of the carbon dioxide in the at- mosphere or gas phase in contact with the solution. This has led to the development of this investigation in three parts : I, When the solutions were in contact with ordinary atnios- pheric air containing a small and practically constant percent- age of carbon dioxide. 2. When the atmosphere in contact with the solutions con- tained practically nothing but carbon dioxide and water. 3. When the solutions were in contact with an atmosphere practically free from carbon dioxide. Under these several conditions the ratio of normal carbon- ate to hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate for any given concen- tration of solution might be expected to vary greatly. Moreover, it was found, in the case of solutions of mag- nesium carbonate, that temperature changes frequently prodiiced relatively large changes in the solubility, and it was therefore necessary to take precautions to prevent variations in this re- spect during the progress of the work. Unless otherwise stated the work described here was done at 23' C. As is well known, solution studies of magnesium carbonate, when other salts are present, have always given great difficulty Published by the permission of the Secretary of Agriculture.
    [Show full text]
  • US3099524.Pdf
    3,099,524 United States Patent 0 Patented July 30, 1963 1 2 aluminium and magnesium with a mixture of sodium 3,099,524 hydroxide and sodium canbonate in appropriate amounts. ANTAClD CGMPOSITIONS The aluminium and magnesium salts are preferably the Frederick Grossmith, Pinner, England, assignor to chlorides. Beecham Research Laboratories Limited, Breutford, A further method for preparing the compounds of the Middlesex, England present invention is to suspend a magnesium hydroxo Filed June 28, 1960, Ser. No. 39,245 Claims priority, application Great Britain July 2, 1959 aluminate of the type disclosed in by said co?pending 6 Claims. (Cl. 23—l4) application Serial No. 842,042, ?led September 24, 1959, in a liquor containing bicarbonate ions. A suitable This invention relates to improvements in antacid 10 liquor is a dilute solution of magnesium bicarbonate. compositions and is particularly concerned with new A still further method for preparing the magnesium chemical compounds which have been found to have bicarbonate hydroxoaluminates, which method minimises desirable antacid properties being eminently suitable for the formation of a basic magnesium carbonate impurity, medicinal use for the treatment of gastric hyperacidity. is to react a solution containing aluminium and mag In my co-pending application Serial No. 842,042, ?led 15 nesium salts in appropriate amounts with sodium hy September 24, 1959, now abandoned, I have disclosed droxide at a suitable rate of delivery. An addition of certain novel compounds which are formed by reacting ‘sodium bicarbonate is made at an appropriate stage and aluminium and magnesium salts with caustic allcalis, in a ?nal addition of mixed sodium hydroxide and sodium which the magnesium content, expressed as Mg(OI-I)2, bicarbonate is made to precipitate all the magnesium lies between the approximate limits 2.5% to 75% by 20 without allowing the pH to rise too high.
    [Show full text]
  • CAPE MAY Municipallity: County Code: Agency Code
    HPO Cultural Resource Reports FILTER SETTINGS: (Sorted by: County / Municipality / Shelf Code) County:: CAPE_MAY Municipallity: County Code: Agency Code: CAPE_MAY CAPE_MAY Countywide Countywide CAP GB 66a 2006 ID7965 MULT F 719 2012 ID11484 A survey of the Heavy Timber Frame Buildings of Cape May - Phase II The Bayshore Heritage Byway, Corridor Management Plan, Corridor Joan Berkey, Historic Preservation Consultant Management Committee Report Type: Architecture Intensive Lardner/Klein Landscape Architects, PC in association with: Location: SHELVED: GB Report Type: Preservation/Management Plan Location: SHELVED: CRM CAP GB 68 v1 1980 ID7753 Historic Sites Survey, Cape May County, 1980: Report MULT O 1 1980 ID7442 Cape May County Planning Board NJ Pinelands Comprehensive Management Plan Report Type: Architecture Intensive Report Type: Preservation/Management Plan Location: SHELVED: GB Location: MISSING CAP GB 266e 2015 ID11902 Inactive National Register Nominations Compilation: Cape May County MULT O 316 1991 ID9064 (Contextual Reference) Pinelands Cultural Resource Management Plan for Historic Period Sites, HPO Staff State of New Jersey Pinelands commission Report Type: Other Pinelands Commission Location: SHELVED: GB Report Type: Preservation/Management Plan Location: SHELVED: CRM CAP GB 281 2016 ID12822 Cape May Circuit Rider, 2016 CLG Project Report, Cape May County, MULT GB 45 v1 1981 ID6622 New Jersey The Operating Railroad Station of New Jersey: An Historical Survey: Barton Ross & Partners, LLC Summary Report, Line #1 Report Type: Other Heritage Studies, Inc. Location: SHELVED: GB Report Type: Architecture Intensive Location: SHELVED: GB MULT A 346 2013 ID10964 Submerged Cultural Resources, Phase IA Desktop Study Associated MULT GB 60 v3 2003 ID12247 with the Proposed AWC New Jersey Energy Link New Jersey Women's Heritage Trail Project: Forms, Atlantic-Mercer Panamerican Consultants, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Mineral Carbonation and Industrial Uses of Carbon Dioxide 319 7
    Chapter 7: Mineral carbonation and industrial uses of carbon dioxide 319 7 Mineral carbonation and industrial uses of carbon dioxide Coordinating Lead Author Marco Mazzotti (Italy and Switzerland) Lead Authors Juan Carlos Abanades (Spain), Rodney Allam (United Kingdom), Klaus S. Lackner (United States), Francis Meunier (France), Edward Rubin (United States), Juan Carlos Sanchez (Venezuela), Katsunori Yogo (Japan), Ron Zevenhoven (Netherlands and Finland) Review Editors Baldur Eliasson (Switzerland), R.T.M. Sutamihardja (Indonesia) 320 IPCC Special Report on Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 321 7.3 Industrial uses of carbon dioxide and its emission reduction potential 330 7.1 Introduction 322 7.3.1 Introduction 330 7.3.2 Present industrial uses of carbon dioxide 332 7.2 Mineral carbonation 322 7.3.3 New processes for CO2 abatement 332 7.2.1 Definitions, system boundaries and motivation 322 7.3.4 Assessment of the mitigation potential of CO2 7.2.2 Chemistry of mineral carbonation 323 utilization 333 7.2.3 Sources of metal oxides 324 7.3.5 Future scope 334 7.2.4 Processing 324 7.2.5 Product handling and disposal 328 References 335 7.2.6 Environmental impact 328 7.2.7 Life Cycle Assessment and costs 329 7.2.8 Future scope 330 Chapter 7: Mineral carbonation and industrial uses of carbon dioxide 321 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Chapter describes two rather different options for carbon and recycled using external energy sources. The resulting dioxide (CO2) storage: (i) the fixation of CO2 in the form of carbonated solids must be stored at an environmentally suitable inorganic carbonates, also known as ‘mineral carbonation’ or location.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Some Deacidification Agents on Copper-Catalyzed Degrardation
    Preservation Research and Testing Series No. 9501 Effect of Some Deacidification Agents on Copper-Catalyzed Degradation of Paper C. J. Shahani and F. H. Hengemihle Preservation Research and Testing office Preservation Directorate Library of Congress Washington, DC November 1995 Effect of Some Deacidifying Agents on Copper-Catalyzed Degradation of Paper Preservation Research and Testing Series No. 9501 November 1995 Page 1 of 12 Library of Congress ♦ Preservation Directorate www.loc.gov/preservation/ Effect of Some Deacidification Agents on Copper-Catalyzed Degradation of Paper Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works on Paper Organized by the Canadian Conservation Institute Ottawa, Canada, October 3-7, 1988 Introduction Paper conservators are all too familiar with artifacts in which iron gall ink or copper in verdigris pigment has caused severe deterioration of the paper base. But even trace concentrations of these metals, which are generally present in paper, contribute significantly to its aging by catalyzing oxidation reactions.1,2,3 Copper and iron contaminants can also cause foxing in paper.4,5 Williams and his co-workers observed that paper samples containing copper acetate, which degraded rapidly when aged at 90˚C and 50˚C relative humidity (RH), were stabilized appreciably after deacidification treatment with magnesium bicarbonate.3 However, deacidification by a Barrow two-step treatment with calcium hydroxide and calcium bicarbonate solutions did not stabilize against the degradative effect of copper acetate to a comparable
    [Show full text]
  • North Atlantic Ocean
    210 ¢ U.S. Coast Pilot 3, Chapter 6 26 SEP 2021 75°W 74°30'W Chart Coverage in Coast Pilot 3—Chapter 6 NOAA’s Online Interactive Chart Catalog has complete chart coverage http://www.charts.noaa.gov/InteractiveCatalog/nrnc.shtml Trenton 75°30'W 12314 P ENNSYLV ANIA Philadelphia 40°N 12313 Camden E R I V R E R Wilmington A W A L E D NEW JERSEY 12312 SALEM RIVER CHESAPEAKE & DELAWARE CANAL 39°30'N 12304 12311 Atlantic City MAURICE RIVER DELAWARE BAY 39°N 12214 CAPE MAY INLET DELAWARE 12216 Lewes Cape Henlopen NORTH ATL ANTIC OCEAN INDIAN RIVER INLET 38°30'N 26 SEP 2021 U.S. Coast Pilot 3, Chapter 6 ¢ 211 Delaware Bay (1) This chapter describes Delaware Bay and River and (10) Mileages shown in this chapter, such as Mile 0.9E their navigable tributaries and includes an explanation of and Mile 12W, are the nautical miles above the Delaware the Traffic Separation Scheme at the entrance to the bay. Capes (or “the Capes”), referring to a line from Cape May Major ports covered are Wilmington, Chester, Light to the tip of Cape Henlopen. The letters N, S, E, or Philadelphia, Camden and Trenton, with major facilities W, following the numbers, denote by compass points the at Delaware City, Deepwater Point and Marcus Hook. side of the river where each feature is located. Also described are Christina River, Salem River, and (11) The approaches to Delaware Bay have few off-lying Schuylkill River, the principal tributaries of Delaware dangers. River and other minor waterways, including Mispillion, (12) The 100-fathom curve is 50 to 75 miles off Delaware Maurice and Cohansey Rivers.
    [Show full text]