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Let Me Serve Your Majesty: Psalm 8

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Let Me Serve Your Majesty: Psalm 8 Abilene Christian University Digital Commons @ ACU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Electronic Theses and Dissertations 12-2020 Let Me Serve Your Majesty: Psalm 8 Matthew Fredrickson [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.acu.edu/etd Part of the Biblical Studies Commons Recommended Citation Fredrickson, Matthew, "Let Me Serve Your Majesty: Psalm 8" (2020). Digital Commons @ ACU, Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 292. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at Digital Commons @ ACU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ ACU. ABSTRACT The speaker in Ps 8 proclaims a desire to serve Yahweh’s heavenly power/victory by appealing to humanity’s status as God’s images (Gen 1:27) and accepting the role of Yahweh’s new servant (Isa 55:3), as a priest/minister of God (Isa 61:1-6; cf Isa 42:1). rendered, “May I serve ,(אשרתנה) as one word in verse 2b אשר תנה This thesis translates your heavenly power/victory!” This is illustrated (in part) by two participles in Ps 8, v. 9), which refer to cosmic foes of Yahweh—“the ones who) עבר v. 3) and) ינקם nurse” (the goodly gods in CAT 1.23) and the “one who crosses” the seas (Leviathan). This bold/cosmic proclamation is mitigated by the eschatological vision of humanity’s reign in the verbal chiasm of verses 6-7 and the list of creatures in ascending uncontrollability in verses 8-9. Psalm 8’s use of ancient Near Eastern image-of-god ideology vis-à-vis Genesis 1 supports these claims. The way in which Genesis adapts image-of-god ideology is analogous to the way in which the role of Yahweh’s ideal king is transferred to Israel as a whole in Deutero-Isaiah. The ethical stipulations of Yahweh’s servant/ideal king for acting as God’s mediator help explain why Trito-Isaiah and Ps 8 sought to accept the role of Yahweh’s servant in the context of the priesthood. The notion that the cultic actions of the priest in the holy place have cosmic implications helps ground Ps 8’s bold proclamation to serve Yahweh’s heavenly power/victory in everyday life. The author expressed this desire to serve through a mythological worldview in which humans participate in Yahweh’s ongoing battle and certain now-but-not-yet victory against cosmic foes. 2 “Let Me Serve Your Majesty: Psalm 8” A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of The Graduate School of Theology Abilene Christian University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts By Matthew Fredrickson December 2020 3 This thesis, directed and approved by the committee for the thesis candidate Matt Fredrickson, has been accepted by the Office of Graduate Programs of Abilene Christian University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Donnie Snider TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................1 CHAPTER I: TRANSLATION ...........................................................................................5 Section 1: Psalm 8:2b ..............................................................................................8 i .......................................................................................11שרת :Section 1.1 Section 1.1.1: As a Master’s Servant or Aid .................................12 Section 1.1.2: In Close Proximity to Yahweh in Priestly Functions .......................................................................................12 Section 1.1.3: Associated with Serving Yahweh’s Name ..............15 Section 1.1.4: In Relationship to Obedience to Torah ...................15 Section 1.1.5: Service Oriented Directly toward Yahweh .............17 Section 1.1.6: Service in Relationship to Combat ........................18 Section 1.1.7: Service in Yahweh’s Heavenly Army .....................19 i .............................................20שרת Preliminary Conclusions about as Power/Victory .............................................................21 הוד :Section 1.2 Section 1.3: Translation of Psalm 8:2b .....................................................28 and the Goodly Gods ........................................................29 עוללים וינקים :Section 2 Section 2.1: CAT 1.23 and Psalm 8 ...........................................................31 Section 2.1.1: Celestial Bodies .....................................................32 Section 2.1.2: Birds of the Sky and Fish of the Sea ......................34 4 Section 2.1.3: The Priestly Figure and Humanity’s Service to Defeat Cosmic Foes ......................................................................37 Section 2.1.4: Summary of Psalm 8 and CAT 1.23 .......................40 i .........................................................43(מפי) Section 2.2: From the Mouths f ........................................................45יסדת עז Section 2.3: The Meaning of of the Earth and Creation (יסד) Section 2.3.1: Establishment of the World/Heavens ....................................................................46 and Chaoskampf .........................................48 יסדת עז :Section 2.3.2 Section 3: Now-But-Not-Yet Dominion in Psalm 8:6-7 .......................................51 Section 4: Psalm 8:8-9 and the One Who Crosses the Paths of the Seas ..............59 Summary ...............................................................................................................61 CHAPTER II: THE ADAPTATION OF ANCENT NEAR EASTERN AND ISRAELITE IDEAL ROYAL IDEOLOGIES IN GENESIS 1 AND THEIR SUBLIMATION TO THE PRIESTHOOD IN PSALM 8 ................................................63 Image of God in the Ancient Near East ................................................................64 Genesis 1’s Reappropriation of the Image-of-god Tradition ................................72 Psalm 8, Genesis 1, and the Image of God ...........................................................74 King as the Viceroy of Yahweh and Image-of-god Near Eastern Royal Ideology ................................................................................................................76 Psalm 8 and Yahweh’s Viceroy .............................................................................85 Ethics of Kingship and the Ability to Serve as Yahweh’s Mediator .....................88 The Role of the King Transferred to Israel as a Whole .........................................99 The Priestly Service of Yahweh in Psalm 8 ........................................................103 CHAPTER III: THE ROLE OF THE SERVANT: PSALM 8 AND ISAIAH ................108 5 Isaiah 42, 51-52, 55, 56, 61 and Psalm 8 ............................................................109 Isaiah 51-52 ............................................................................................110 Isaiah 51-52, 55, 56, and 61 ....................................................................113 Psalm 8 and Isaiah 60-62 ....................................................................................116 The Imperial Reign of Yahweh and its Association with Yahweh’s Name .......................................................................................................118 Israel as the New “Davidic” Servants and the Promised Future ............120 The Practical Role of the Royal “Davidic” Servant as Royal Minister ...................................................................................................123 i ............................................................................................130עבד and שרת The Desire to Serve Yahweh’s Heavenly Power/Victory .......................132 i .............................................................................................135פאר and הוד Summary .............................................................................................................138 CONCLUSION............................................................................................................... 142 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...........................................................................................................146 6 INTRODUCTION The speaker in Ps 8 proclaims a desire to serve Yahweh’s heavenly power/victory by appealing to humanity’s status as God’s images (Gen 1:27) and accepting the role of Yahweh’s new servant (Isa 55:3) as a priest/minster of God (Isa 61:1-6; cf. Isa 42:1). Psalm 8 combines theologies also found in Genesis 1 and the Isaiah servant tradition— with special attention to the role of Yahweh’s people as the recipients of the royal mandate (e.g., Isa 55:3)—to inspire Israel to action during times of hardship. Similar to Genesis 1, Ps 8 reminded Israel of their origin in Yahweh as God’s images and added to it another theologically similar idea that the Davidic mandate had been applied to Israel as a whole. Together, these traditions would have reminded Israel of their true identity and proper beginning as Yahweh’s people in order to orient them to their proper end as a light to the nations (Isa 49:5-7; cf. Gen 12:1-3), a kingdom of priests, and a holy nation (e.g., Exod 19:6). I will argue for this thesis by addressing the following in three chapters. In chapter 1, I will defend my translation of Ps 8. It seems that few commentators have yet to seriously entertain Dahood’s proposal to resolve the MT’s corrupt text Ps 8:2b which to put”) together to form one word—the“) אשר תנה without emendation by moving may I serve”).
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