Behar-Bechukotai 5780 B”H Covenant and Conversation Chance
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BS”D May 15, 2020 Friday is the 36th Day of the Omer Potomac Torah Study Center Vol. 7 #29, May 15, 2020; Behar - Bechukotai 5780 NOTE: Devrei Torah presented weekly in Loving Memory of Rabbi Leonard S. Cahan z”l, Rabbi Emeritus of Congregation Har Shalom, who started me on my road to learning almost 50 years ago and was our family Rebbe and close friend until his recent untimely death. ____________________________________________________________________________________ Devrei Torah are now Available for Download (normally by noon on Fridays) from www.PotomacTorah.org. Thanks to Bill Landau for hosting the Devrei Torah. __________________________________________________________________________________ Lisa Rosen and Sherri Alpert lovingly dedicate the Devrei Torah this Shabbas in honor of the 42nd Yahrzeit of their father, Nathan Alpert, z”l, 22 Iyar. _____________________________________________________________________________________ All of Sefer Vayikra takes place at the base of Har Sinai, where B’Nai Yisrael remained from before receiving the Aseret Dibrot until 20 Iyar of the second year, when they finally began their journey (Bamidbar 10:11). (Thursday of this week – yesterday as I start writing – was 20 Iyar and thus the anniversary of this departure.) A key theme of Sefer Vayikra is learning how to live in proximity to God, because the people were living next to the Mishkan. God’s message to Moshe had been to have the people build a Mishkan, and God would reside among them (among the people). Proximity to God required special attention to kedusha, in speech, food, body, time (Shabbat, Moedim, shmittah, and yovel), and space (Mishkan and land of Israel). The Torah includes a concept of building fences around the mitzvot. For example, we light candles 18 minutes before Shabbat begins to avoid coming so close to the deadline that we might light the candles too late. Similarly, God set fences around His special places – the people were to stay away from any part of Har Sinai during the Revelation, and to stay away from the central parts of the Mishkan. Once B’Nai Yisrael learned to live in close proximity to God’s presence, the next step was learning to extend these lessons to life away from the Mishkan and during times other than Shabbat and the other holy days. Once entering Israel, the people were to spread out and inhabit the land, only coming back to a central location on designated days (primarily the Sukkot, Pesach, and Shavuot). Of all the mitzvot, Behar - Bechukotai especially emphasizes shmittah and yovel, the requirements to permit the land to observe Shabbat every seven years and an extra rest after every seven times seven years (yovel on the 50th year). During a shmittah year, the land was to lie fallow, and any crops that grew on their own were to be hefker, or ownerless (available to anyone who wished to harvest them), and debts from Jews to other Jews were to be canceled. On yovel, ownership of all land in Israel was to revert back to the original owners (from the division when the tribes entered the land, under the leadership of Yehoshua), and all slaves were to go free. The most vivid section of Bechukotai is the Tochachah (warnings, curses, or admonitions) (26:14 ff.) , thirty verses warning of doom and destruction if the people did not follow God’s mitzvot in the land. The specific warning of doom leading to the land vomiting the people off the land of Israel was for disobeying the mitzvot of shmittah and yovel. If we Jews did not observe these mitzvot, the land would kick us out until the land had rested for all the shmittah and yovel years that we had failed to observe. The counting we do leading each week leading to Shabbat parallels the seven year Shabbat of the land (Shmittah). The Omer counting we do for seven Shabbatot between Pesach and Shavuot parallels the seven times seven years we count to reach yovel. We complete Sefer Vayikra each year heading into Shavuot – except that we wait a week between the Tochachah and Shavuot to avoid going into Yom Tov with a curse. Shavuot completes the freedom we started when 1 leaving Egypt on Pesach. We count seven weeks, and the next day coincides with our complete freedom, the day we received the Torah at Har Sinai. The parallel in terms of living in God’s land (Israel) is yovel, when we grant freedom to all slaves and return all land to those designated to reside there. (Since only God owns the land in Israel, I wrote in terms of those designated to reside on specific land – not owners, because God is the real owner.) So often in our weekly Torah readings, concern for our brothers (fellow Jews) is a major theme. We must share the rewards of the land with our fellows, because doing so is part of the requirement for using God’s land. All the gifts of our success come from God, and God wants the gifts to go to all of us. We must remember how God has blessed us, so we should walk with God and include Him in our lives (and speak to Him daily, through our davening). Much of the language of Bechukotai repeats words and themes from Gan Eden. As Rashi reminds us, we have an opportunity to come close to the Gan Eden experience if we observe God’s mitzvot and walk with Him. The focus on the land of Israel in Behar - Bechukotai always makes me feel close to my beloved Rebbe, Rabbi Leonard Cahan, z”l. Rabbi Cahan would travel to Israel a few times a year and bring back Judaica to make available to congregants. Rabbi Cahan’s parents and sister Naomi made alliyah many years ago. As early as 1978, when we first visited Israel together, Hannah and I visited with Rabbi Cahan’s family. This February, we had a delightful visit with Naomi Katz, Rabbi Cahan’s sister, still living in Jerusalem – in the same building with my cousins. The Cahan family lived their love of Israel and shared this love with all their friends. The love of Israel is central to being a Jew – and that is one reason why the Tochachah is so frightening. ___________________________________________________________________________________ Please daven for a Refuah Shlemah for Gedalya ben Sarah, Mordechai ben Chaya, Baruch Yitzhak ben Perl, David Leib HaKohen ben Sheina Reizel, Zev ben Sara Chaya, Uzi Yehuda ben Mirda Behla, HaRav Dovid Meir ben Chaya Tzippa; Eliav Yerachmiel ben Sara Dina, Amoz ben Tziviah, Reuven ben Masha, Moshe David ben Hannah, Meir ben Sara, Yitzhok Tzvi ben Yehudit Miriam, Yaakov Naphtali ben Michal Leah, Rivka Chaya bat Leah, Chaya Tova bat Narges, Zissel Bat Mazal, Chana Bracha bas Rochel Leah, Leah Fruma bat Musa Devorah, Hinda Behla bat Chaya Leah, Nechama bas Tikva Rachel, Miriam Chava bat Yachid, and Ruth bat Sarah, all of whom greatly need our prayers. Note: Beth Sholom has additional names, including coronavirus victims, on a Tehillim list. _____________________________________________________________________________ Hannah & Alan _____________________________________________________________________________ Drasha: Behar: Blind Faith by Rabbi Mordechai Kamenetzky © 1997 [Please remember Mordechai ben Chaya for a Mishebarach!] The commandment of Shemitah is a test of our faith and an examination in our true belief in the Almighty’s ability to sustain us. The Torah commands us that every seven years we must let the land of Israel lie fallow, with no harvesting or planting of crops. But Hashem promises us that if “you shall perform My decrees, and observe My ordinances and perform them, then you shall dwell securely on the land. The land will give its fruit and you will eat your fill; you will dwell securely upon it” (Leviticus 25:18-19). Rashi explains the blessing “even if you eat only a little, it will be blessed in your stomach,” The little you eat will grow into a bounty of satiation. But after assuring us that our little will feel plentiful the Torah talks to the naysayers. The Torah talks about that group of people. “If you will say – What will we eat in the seventh year? — behold! We will not sow and not gather in our crops!” Hashem assures them as well. “I will ordain My blessing for you in the sixth year and it will yield a crop sufficient for the three-year period.” (Ibid v.20-21) The Kli Yakar and a host of other commentaries ask. Why should a Jew ask that troubling question? Didn’t Hashem command his abundant blessing in the sixth year? Didn’t the little bit of food leave them satisfied? Why do they have concern about the ensuing years? My dear friend Rabbi Benyamin Brenig of Golders Green, London recently related this wonderful story to me: Reuvain and Shimon were two men, who lived on opposite ends of town. They each inherited a fortune of gold. Each of them decided to bury their fortunes in their backyards. They wanted to make sure that they would have something to sustain them in their old age. On their respective properties, they each picked a landmark, paced twenty steps due north and dug a large hole. 2 Reuvain, the more nervous of the two, was careful to make sure that no one was watching. Every other second he glanced furtively over his shoulder to make sure that no one saw him bury the treasure. No one did. Shimon, by nature, was trusting and carefree and he was not so careful. He was not worried that anyone would steal his fortune. But he was wrong. He was spotted by a nosy neighbor, who was also a thief. In the middle of the night, the thief dug up the fortune.