United States Patent Office

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. WALLAC3 PATTEN COBOS, OF OR ONEC, ONEARIC, CANADA, ASSIGNOR OF ONS-TEIRD TO THIS WILLIAM DAVIES COMPANY, LISTITED, or Toronto, CANADA, A coReoBA ION OS CANADA ANp ONE-THIRD TO EDWARD CAREY FOX, OE TORONTo, CANADA (CASING FOS, SAOSAGES. N:3) 158,400. Specification of letters Patent. Patented (Oct. 26, 1915. So Drawing. Application filed December 31, 1913. Serial No. 809,731. To all whom it may concern truded tube is hardened by any of the re Be it known that I, WALLACE PATTEN agents hereinbefore specified or their equiva- 55 CoHoE, a citizen of the Dominion of Canada lents, and either after or during coagula Residing, the city of Toronto, county o tion. The completed casing is of increased 5 York, Province of Ontario, Dominion of elasticity. Its tendency to weaken in water Canadia, have invented certain new and use is decreased and its water-proof quality en ful Improvements in Casings for Sausages; hanced. o 60 and I do hereby declare the following to be Instead of using gelatin for improving a full, clear, and exact description of the in the water-proof qualities of the casing, this may likewise be effected to even greater ad 1g invention, the art such to whichas will it enable appertains others to skilled make vantage by means of incorporating therein and use the same. it fatty acid, so as to make it impermeable 65 in Letters Patent of the United States to Water. To this end, there may be incor No. 1,070,776, granted to Wallace Patten porated with the viscose solution, a suitable 15 Cohoe and Edward Carey Fox, under date stearate, as for instance, potassium stea of August 19, 1913, there is described and rate. The mixture is then extruded in the claimed certain improvements in casings for form of the desired tubular casing, is co- 70 sausages, said casings consisting essentially agulated, and the coagulated casing is re of dried cellulose hydrate. ceived in a bath of salt solution (for in 20 My present invention relates to a further stance chlorid of sodium) in which neither development of the manufacture of Sausage the viscose nor the potassium stearate is casings, and has for its object the twofold soluble. The casing is allowed to remain in 75 purpose of increasing the elasticity of the the salt solution until the coagulated vis casing walls and of increasing their Water cose has reverted to cellulose hydrate. From 25 proof qualities. the casing as thus far produced, either an In those instances where the main pur edible or a non-edible product can be ob pose is to increase the elasticity of the walls tained. Thus, to make an edible product 80 of the casing, I prefer to combine with the consisting of cellulose hydrate having incor cellulose hydrate, in homogeneous admix porated therein a fatty acid, the tubular cas 30 ture therewith, a percentage of gelatin, and, ing after emerging from the bath of salt ultimately, to treat the casing made from solution referred to is treated with a weak the mixture, by means of any suitable har acid or an acid salt, which will unite with 85 dening agent, as, for instance, alum, formal the basic radical of the soap, leaving behind dehyde, tannin, or the like. the fatty acid in intimate contact with the 35 The gelatin is employed in proportion cellulose hydrate. The casing may then be varying from 5% to 25% by weight of the finished in any suitable manner. cellulose hydrate (calculated dry) in the If the casing is not to be edible, but is to 90 final product. Assuming that the cellulose be so treated as to make it more or less re hydrate is viscose, a concentrated solution, sistant to water, it may be treated (instead 40 in water, of the gelatin may be added to the of with a weak acid), with a solution of a viscose, after the latter is prepared and salt of a metal of such nature as to produce ready for use, and the two ingredients may insoluble soap in intimate mixture with the 95 then be thoroughly and homogeneously cellulose hydrate. For instance, the use of mixed preparatory to the making of the cas calcium chlorid as such salt, would result in 45 ings therefrom. It is preferable, however, the precipitation of insoluble calcium stea in making up the mixture, to first dissolve rate within the mass of the cellulose hydrate. the gelatin in Water and add the mercerized As stated in Patent No. 1,070,76, herein- 100 wood-pulp after it has been converted by before referred to, in drying the cellulose the carbon bisulfid. In either case, the cas hydrate, the dehydration is designed in the 50 ing is to be extruded, in the form of a tube first place to give to the tube the requisite of wall thickness appropriate to the manu strength to prepare it for the reception of facture of sausage casings, and after such its sausage meat contents. This main pur- 105 extrusion, the gelatin constituent of the ex pose will be satisfied by carrying the de s 1,158,400 hydration to this extent, and, within the meaning of the present specification, the gredient.hydrate associated with a water-proofing in 20 product may then be regarded as “dried' 2. A thin-walled tube of dried cellulose cellulose hydrate even though the drying is hydrate containing an ingredient which im not carried further. It is preferred, how parts to it additional elasticity and addi ever, not only to dry it sufficiently to give it tional water-proof qualities. the strength desired, but to dry it so thor 3. A thin-walled tube of dried cellulose 25 oughly that it can be kept for a long period hydrate associated with an ingredient in of time without deterioration. In this pre soluble in Water. O ferred condition, with the water of hydra tion substantially driven off, the cellulose 4. A thin-walled tube of dried cellulose hydrate is probably converted to substan hydrate associated with an edible ingredient 30 tially pure cellulose, and it will, of course, insoluble in water. be understood that, in the sense of the pres In testimony whereof I affix my signa ent specification, this preferred maximum ture, in presence of two witnesses. degree of dehydration is likewise included. WALLACE PATTEN COHOE, aving thus described my invention, what Witnesses: I claim is:- JoHN C. PENNIE, 1. A thin-walled tube of dried cellulose H. E. JoHNsoN. .

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