Le Retour En France De Cadoudal

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Le Retour En France De Cadoudal LE RETOUR EN FRANCE DE CADOUDAL Fils d'un cultivateur breton aisé, Georges Cadoudal, né en 1771, s'était illustré durant les guerres de la Chouannerie. Au mois de mars 1800, contraint de renoncer à une lutte impos• sible, il avait fait sa reddition et avait été convoqué aux Tuile• ries. Le premier Consul l'avait reçu deux fois et lui avait offert les étoiles de général de division. Cadoudal avait refusé de se rallier au régime consulaire et, déjouant les recherches de la police, il avait gagné l'Angleterre. Pensionné par le gouvernement britannique, promu cordon rouge et lieutenant-général par Louis XVIII, Cadoudal avait acquis une place en vue parmi les émigrés et il avait continué la lutte contre Bonaparte. Après la rupture de la paix d'Amiens, il offrit à Pitt de mettre au service de l'Angleterre une équipe de partisans qu'il n'avait cessé d'entraîner en vue d'un enlèvement éventuel du Premier Consul. Son projet fut agréé. Pitt ouvrit un crédit d'un million de livre^ et l'expédition fut décidée. Cadoudal quitta Londres et, le 9 août 1803, il vint s'établir à Hastings. Un cutter, Y El Vehcejo, était mis à la disposition de Georges et de ses hommes. Il était commandé par un ancien officier d'ordon• nance de Sydney Smith (le général anglais qui avait tenu Bona• parte en échec devant Saint-Jean-d'Acre). Ce marin, plus « ven• déen qu'anglais » se nommait le capitaine Wright il était promis à un sort tragique. Cadoudal était accompagné de son domestique Picot et de quelques chouans triés sur le volet : La Haye Saint-Hilaire, dit LE RETOUR EN FRANCE DE CADOUDAL 537 Raoul, ou d'Oison, combattant de maquis depuis sa dix-huitième année, de Joyaux, dit d'Assas, aide de camp de Georges. Ces deux hommes étaient connus de la police française, car ils avaient été suspectés au moment de la machine infernale. Deux autres conspirateurs, nommés Kirch et Hermely, étaient d'anciens marins, qui, sous la Convention, avaient quitté la cause républicaine pour se donner à la monarchie. Enfin, le dernier des embarqués, ancien officier de santé dans la marine royale, avait ensuite exercé dans le civil à Sarzeau. Il se nommait Jean-Pierre Querelle. Il semble qu'il ait abandonné la France parce qu'il y était perdu de dettes et qu'il ne se soit mêlé à l'affaire que par goût du lucre. Avant de quitter la côte anglaise. Georges donna ses dernières instructions à Guillemot. Celui-ci devait organiser les prochains départs du camp de Romsey ; il devait également faire répandre le bruit que Georges avait été vu dans le Morbihan, au cas où la police consulaire aurait eu vent de son absence de Londres. Ces précautions prises, VEl Vencejo appareilla le 10 août au soir. Pris par des courants, il dériva vers Le Tréport et le capi• taine Wright dut reprendre le large pour piquer, plus près de Dieppe, en direction de la falaise de Biville, première étape de la route qui allait mener les aventuriers jusqu'au cœur de Paris. Le site de Biville est farouche, presque tragique. Dans une falaise à pic de cent mètres, une sorte de coupure en forte pente ; contre la paroi, de loin en loin, des poteaux vermoulus auxquels est attaché un câble avec des nœuds. En s'aggrippant à cette rampe rudimentaire, que les indigènes appellent une estamperche, des pêcheurs ou des contrebandiers peuvent, au prix de grands efforts, se hisser sur le plateau. En face de cette faille, dans la ligne blanche des falaises, le capitaine Wright mit en panne. Il embarqua ses passagers dans une chaloupe et, dans la nuit du 21 au 22 août, il les conduisit lui-même jusqu'à la grève caillouteuse. Un afïidé de d'Hozier, le nommé Troche, fils d'un horloger d'Eu, était aux aguets. Il accueillit les voyageurs et leur expliqua comment il fallait user de Vestamperche. Les arrivants entamèrent leur pénible ascension. En dépit de sa corpulence Cadoudal parvint à se hisser seul jusqu'au som• met. Par crainte des douaniers, on ne s'attarda pas. On se dirigea rapidement vers le premier gîte d'étape, la ferme de la Poterie, 538 LE RETOUR EN FRANCE DE CADOUDAL vers la forêt d'Eu, à près de sept lieues de Biville. En marchant uniquement de nuit, on pouvait gagner Paris en une semaine. Le jour, on dormirait dans des maisons-refuges, sises respecti• vement à Breusseville, Aumale, Feuquières, Auteuil, Arronville et Saint-Leu. 4 Après l'Isle-Adam, un des fourriers de d'Hozier, Raoul Gail• lard, se fit le guide des arrivants. Il les installa à Saint-Leu. Là, ils furent rejoints par d'Hozier, accompagné de son second, Bouvet de Lozier. Vers la fin de la soirée du 29 août, les compagnons de Georges firent leur dernière étape en promeneurs, deux par deux, et ils entrèrent sans difficulté dans Paris. La preuve était donc faite que, sans montrer de passeport, on pouvait se rendre depuis la côte de la Manche jusqu'à la capi• tale, bien qu'il existât un état de guerre entre la France et l'Angle• terre. Ce résultat a été dès cette époque qualifié de merveilleux. Il ne représentait pourtant que la moitié des réalisations de d'Hozier. Celui-ci révéla tout le reste à Cadoudal, tandis que les deux hommes gagnaient Paris en voiture et passaient sans encombre la barrière Saint-Denis pour gagner la taverne de la Cloche d'Or, à l'angle de la rue du Bac et de la rue de Varenne. C'était là une des maisons préparées par les soins de d'Hozier. Celui-ci en avait loué un certain nombre sous des noms d'em• prunt. Dans ces appartements, un menuisier de génie, nommé Spin, avait aménagé des cachettes variées. Les unes, telles des lits à double fond, permettaient de disparaître instantanément. D'autres dissimulaient des escaliers dérobés conduisant à la rue. La plus étonnante était, rue du Four, l'énorme enseigne d'un parfumeur, nommé Caron. Débordant sur le trottoir, elle pou• vait abriter trois hommes, ainsi suspendus entre ciel et terre, sans qu'on pût les déceler dans la maison. Caron louait cette niche pour le prix exorbitant de huit mille francs (au moins vingt-cinq ou trente mille francs 1963). D'autres cachettes furent si bien dissimulées que la police consulaire ne les découvrit jamais. L'une d'elles, 42 rue de Buci, ne fut trouvée qu'en 1892, lors de réparations effectuées dans cet immeuble. La retraite principale avait été aménagée à Chaillot, par les soins de Bouvet de Lozier. C'était la maison destinée à recevoir LE RETOUR EN FRANCE DE CADOUDAL 539 le « Prince » qui coordonnerait l'action des conjurés et prendrait le gouvernement avant l'arrivée du Roi, dès que Bonaparte aurait été enlevé et que l'armée et le Sénat auraient été ralliés. Ce logis appartenait à une dame Costard de Saint-Léger, vrai• semblablement la maîtresse de Bouvet de Lozier. Elle consentit à céder sa maison après l'avoir pourvue d'un ménage de vieux gardiens dont elle répondait. Sise dans un jardin fermé par une grille, au bout d'une allée d'arbres, cette « folie », élégamment meublée, comportait, outre sa sortie visible sur le quai de Chaillot, des issues secrètes grâce à des souterrains utilisant d'anciennes carrières. En quittant sa demeure, Mme de Saint-Léger avait seulement averti ses gardiens et son concierge, qu'en son absence des « amis » viendraient habiter chez elle et avait ordonné qu'on leur obéît comme à elle-même. Si le « Prince » arrivait, personne à Paris ne pourrait s'en apercevoir. Georges vint faire plusieurs séjours dans cette maison qui fut l'un de ses asiles principaux. Les autres, outre la Cloche d'Or, se trouvaient rue Chariot (aujourd'hui Bichat) et rue du Puits-de- l'Ermite, chez un nommé Verdet, logeur qui exploitait cynique• ment ses pensionnaires. La femme de Verdet ayant été arrêtée, il fallut abandonner ce gîte et le remplacer par un entresol savam• ment machiné par Spin, nie Carême-prenant. Sous des pseudonymes variés, se faisant appeler tour à tour Larive et Couturier, Georges changeait de logis. Fréquemment, il quittait Paris et, prenant la route aux étapes secrètes, il allait accueillir de nouveaux débarqués. On admet qu'il se déplaça quatre ou cinq fois entre Paris et la Normandie. Ordinairement il était déguisé, mais son aspect ne lui permet• tait guère que de porter le costume de « fort de la halle » ; avec cette apparence il était connu sous le sobriquet de Legros. Parmi les débarquements de conjurés, deux présentent un intérêt majeur pour la suite de l'aventure. L'un se situe le 7 décembre 1803 : il amenait des personnages importants, notamment Armand de Polignac, fils aîné de la favo• rite de Marie-Antoinette, gentilhomme de trente et un ans, marié à une Hollandaise résidant à Paris, et Coster de Saint-Victor, ancien complice de Limoëlan, un des plus dévoués parmi les chouans. Au cours de l'étape à Aumale, ces deux nouveaux arrivants com• mirent l'imprudence de commander au tailleur des uniformes 540 LE RETOUR EN FRANCE DE CADOUDAL de dragons et de chasseurs. Puis ils partirent sans les avoir essayés ni réglés. Heureusement l'homme qui gardait le gîte d'étape eut l'esprit de prendre livraison de la commande et de payer les qua• tre cents francs qui étaient dus. Georges se chargea du paquet de vêtements lors de son dernier voyage le long des relais. Il s'agissait, cette fois, du débarquement qu'il considérait comme décisif, celui qui amènerait le Prince à Paris.
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