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Regional Oral History Office Universityof California the Bancroft University of California Berkeley REGIONAL ORAL HISTORY OFFICE Regional Oral History Office University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California California Jewish Community Oral History Series Ludvig Altman A WELL-TEMPERED MUSICIAN'S UNFINISHED JOURNEY THROUGH LIFE With an Introduction by Dr. Robert Kirschner Interviews Conducted by Eleanor K. Glaser and Caroline Crawford in 1988 of California Copyright (c) 1990 by The Regents of the University and the Trustees of the Judah L. Magnes Museum Since 1954 the Regional Oral History Office has been interviewing leading participants in or well-placed witnesses to major events in the development of Northern California, the West, and the Nation. Oral history is a modern research technique involving an interviewee and an informed interviewer in spontaneous conversation. The taped record is transcribed, lightly edited for continuity and clarity, and reviewed by the interviewee. The resulting manuscript is typed in final form, indexed, bound with photographs and illustrative materials, and placed in The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and other research collections for scholarly use. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present the final, verified, or complete narrative of events. It is a spoken account, offered by the interviewee in response to questioning, and as such it is reflective, partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable. ******* **-*** ******* ******* ft*-*-*****-** All uses of this manuscript are covered by a legal agreement between The Regents of the University of California, the Trustees of the Judah L. Magnes Museum, and Ludwig Altman dated December 9, 1988. The manuscript is thereby made available for research purposes. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley and the Judah L. Magnes Musuem. No part of the manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of the Director of The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. Requests for permission to quote for publication should be addressed to the Regional Oral History Office, 486 Library, University of California, Berkeley 94720, and should include identification of the specific passages to be quoted, anticipated use of the passages, and identification of the user. The legal agreement with Ludwig Altman requires that he be notified of the request and allowed thirty days in which to respond. It is recommended that this oral history be cited as follows : Ludwig Altman, "A Well-Tempered Musician's Unfinished Journey Through Life," an oral history conducted in 1988 by Eleanor Glaser and Caroline Crawford, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1990. Copy no. LUDWIG ALTMAN January 1990 Photograph by Caroline Crawford Cataloging Information Altman, Ludwig (b. 1910) Musician A Well -Tempered Musician's Unfinished Journey Through Life. 1990, viii, 183 pp. Recollections of life in Germany and the rise of Nazism; training at the State Academy for Church and School Music; employment as organist with the WPA Orchestra in San Francisco, the Temple Emanu-El, the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, the Legion of Honor, the BBC, the San Francisco Pops Orchestra; Congregation Beth Israel; Second Church of Christ, Scientist, Berkeley; the Carmel Bach Festival; teaching at the University of California, Berkeley; reflections on the Jewish community in San Francisco; works for mechanical organ; original compositions for organ. Introduction by Robert Kirschner, Temple Emanu-El, San Francisco. Interviewed 1988 by Eleanor Glaser and Caroline Crawford for the California Jewish Community Oral History Series. The Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. DEDICATION To Congregation Emanu-El and In Memory of Rabbi Joseph Asher To Emmy There is one person who must be mentioned on every page. I am speaking of my Emmy, my Pumpchen. my Emmie Gutele . , my I was thirty when we met by chance. Since I tend to delay making up my mind I had thought that I would probably stay single, having gotten too old for married bliss. And there it was, love at first sight! After three weeks I proposed and my Emmy answered with her characteristic directness: "I want a sandwich." Rabbi Reichert and Cantor Rinder officiated at our wedding, Jan Popper was the organist, and his wife Betty, the vocalist, sang Beethoven's "I Love Thee." Dearest Emmy, thanks and thanks and please God nie schlechter for this union of two better halves . --Ludwig Altman Donors to the Ludwig Altman Oral History The Judah L. Magnes Museum and The Bancroft Library, in behalf of future researchers, wish to thank the following persons whose contributions made possible this oral history of Ludwig Altman. Special thanks to Rabbi Robert Kirschner, Norman Coliver, and Daniel E. Stone for their leadership. Mrs. Ludwig Altman Congregation Emanu-El Joseph Ehrman, III Lynn Fertman Saul Greenstein Sally and Mike Kahn Mr . Harold J . Kaufman Mrs. Muriel Leff Mr. and Mrs. Richard N. Levy Mrs. Robert C. Levy Mr . and Mrs . Raymond A . Marks Mr. and Mrs. Walter Newman Mrs. Barbara S. Rogers (Mrs. Ernest) James Schwabacher Daniel E. Stone TABLE OF CONTENTS Ludwig Altman PREFACE i INTRODUCTION iii INTERVIEW HISTORY v BRIEF BIOGRAPHY vii LUDWIG ALTMAN INTERVIEWED BY ELEANOR K. GLASER PART I LUDWIG ALTMAN: FAMILY AND COMMUNITY I EARLY LIFE IN BRESLAU, GERMANY, 1910-1930 1 Parents and Relatives 1 Education Jewish Community 4 II MOVE TO BERLIN FOR MUSICAL EDUCATION, 1930 6 The State Academy for Church and School Music 6 Living Arrangements 8 Work and Study 9 Music on German Radio 11 A Music Critic 13 The Political Climate 16 III MORE ON BRESLAU 21 Family and Relatives 21 Musical Experiences 26 Mr. Altman 's Written Thoughts 27 Relatives 27 German School System 28 Breslau During World War I 30 IV DECISION TO LEAVE GERMANY 31 First Thoughts About Leaving, 1933 31 Difficulty in Obtaining U.S. Visa 32 V ARRIVAL IN AMERICA, JANUARY 8, 1937 34 Stay in New York 34 Stop in Chicago 36 VI SAN FRANCISCO 38 Temple Emanu-El and Assistance to New Immigrants 38 Teaching Piano at San Bruno Settlement House 40 Organist for Congregation Beth Israel 41 Second Church of Christ, Scientist, Berkeley 43 Bringing Parents from Germany and Marriage to Emmy 46 VII INTERVIEW WITH EMMY ALTMAN 49 VIII THE UNITED STATES ARMY, 1943-1945 51 Inducted into the Army 51 Assigned to Army Band, Fort Mason, San Francisco 52 Propaganda Leaflets and Other Sidelines 57 Meeting with Thomas Mann 58 IX RETURN TO CIVILIAN LIFE AND TEMPLE EMANU-EL 61 Cantor Reuben R. Rinder 61 Mrs. M.C. Sloss and Mrs. Marcus Koshland 63 Relationships with Rabbis 65 LUDWIG ALTMAN INTERVIEWED BY CAROLINE CRAWFORD PART II: LUDWIG ALTMAN: A MUSICIAN'S LIFE I MUSIC INSTRUCTION IN BRESLAU 71 Dr. Edmund Nick 71 Bronislaw von Pozniak 75 Arthur Altmann: A Musical Uncle 76 The Music and Anti-Semitism of Richard Wagner 77 More About Bronislaw von Pozniak 78 Musical Training and Experience in Breslau 79 II THE BERLIN YEARS: THE STATE ACADEMY FOR CHURCH AND SCHOOL MUSIC 82 The Entrance Examination 82 Berlin University and the Hochschule fur Musik 83 Remembering Richard Strauss and Some Great Conductors 83 III NAZISM AND ITS EFFECT ON MUSIC AND MUSICIANS 85 Getting Assigned to the High Holy Days Services and the Synagogue 86 Nazi Harrassment 89 The Kulturbund 90 Working as a Music Critic 93 Musical Life During the Weimar Republic 95 Decision to Leave Germany 96 IV COMING TO AMERICA 97 A Call from Carnegie Hall 98 Learning English 99 Connections in the United States 100 V SETTLING IN SAN FRANCISCO 103 Teaching Piano: "An Awful Profession" 104 American Recital Debut: Stanford University 105 A New Repertoire and an Experiment with Electronic Organs 106 Introduction to Alfred Hertz and Pierre Monteux 107 The WPA Orchestra 108 Piano Lessons for Leon Fleischer 109 Pierre Monteux and the French Influence: The Musical Community in the 1930s 110 VI A NEW CHAPTER: TEMPLE EMANU-EL AND OTHER POSTS 112 Working at the Temple 112 Teaching at the University of California and a Church Post 114 The Carmel Bach Festival 115 Performing with Arthur Fiedler 118 The Legion of Honor: Municipal Organist 120 Performing in Europe 121 An Important Assignment for the BBC 122 A Triumphant Return to Germany 123 A Discovery: Mozart and Works for Mechanical Organ 125 Thoughts on Composing 127 VII WORKING WITH THE SAN FRANCISCO SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA 128 An Opportunity to Perform with the WPA Orchestra 128 More About Alfred Hertz 130 The Trials of a Symphony Organist 131 Pierre Monteux: 1935-1952 134 Playing on the Hammond Organ in the Opera House Instead of a Pipe Organ 138 Enrique Jorda: 1952-1963 140 Josef Krips: 1963-1970 144 Seiji Ozawa: 1970-1977 147 A Meeting with Leonard Bernstein and Playing with Artur Rodzinski 149 The "Hocus-Pocus" about Conductors 150 VIII MORE ABOUT TEMPLE EMANU-EL 152 The Place of Music in the Jewish Service 152 The Relationship between Cantor and Organist 153 Cantor Rinder and the Commissioning of Works 155 The Temple Choir 156 Reform, Orthodox and Conservative Temples 157 Choosing Soloists 158 IX COMMISSIONING NEW WORKS 160 Ernest Bloch and Frederick Jacobi 160 Darius Milhaud's Sacred Service 162 Ben-Haim and the Psalms 164 Cantor Portnoy 165 Ludwig Altman's Sacred Service and Commissions 166 Marc Lavry 168 Funding for Composers 169 Programming at the Temple 169 A New Era at Temple Emanu-El: Choosing a Successor 170 X RECITALS AT TEMPLE EMANU-EL Acoustics and Remodeling 173 Changing Trends in Organ Building 175 More about Recitals 177 XI ADDITIONAL THOUGHTS 179 Tape Guide 184 Index 185 PREFACE The California Jewish Community Series is a collection of oral history interviews with persons who have contributed significantly to Jewish life and to the wider community.
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