Justice Research Mapping
BACKGROUND
The Project title Access to Justice for the Marginalized and Excluded through Community Legal Services supported by CLS and implemented through consortium by BLAST and RIB. The aim was to contribute in providing greater access to justice to poor, marginalized and socially excluded communities, in particular women, across Bangladesh and thereby reduce poverty, inequality and discrimination.
The objective under the project was to provide increased access to justice for socially excluded and marginalized women, men, children and thereby reduce poverty, inequality and discrimination in general as well specifically to contribute to improved awareness of rights, remedies and services among women, men, children in marginalized, socially excluded and hard to reach communities, their increased capacity to seek redress from the informal and formal justice system, to ensure greater voice and participation of marginalized, socially excluded communities in the process of law and policy reform etc.
As part of activities, an evidenced-based research was conducted to support CLS. This activity was undertaken through consultation and research studies to examine discriminatory/arbitrary laws, policies and practices so that at the end such research studies may contribute towards mapping of CLS for better understanding of challenges and for future utilization into advocacy and policy discussion.
Through this research an attempt was made to look deeper into laws, policies, practices, norms which are discriminatory in nature, or in some way or the other violating rights, entitlements of deprived section including marginalized and socially excluded people with focus on women and children in particular. By way of empirical and theoretical research, researchers derived various sources which led them to understand in a better way the lives of community people and their struggle as well as the available laws, policies, rules which are either beneficial for these communities or arbitrary/discriminatory in nature. This research has helped researcher in identifying the gaps in existing laws which if removed can play a big role in empowering the marginalized, socially excluded people particularly women.
On the basis of research work undertaken by the researchers Bibliography on findings are prepared for mapping to support CLS. The purpose for this research was to consolidate two different segment mainly community and legal service in one domain. So far through this research study focus has been made on women and how they survive, belonging to various communities comprising of marginalized and socially excluded section. In the Bibliography prepared under this research though literature and survey sources reflecting the life, struggle and survival of women belonging to marginalized, deprived community has been included on the other hand more intrinsic study has been made and sources have been included in the Bibliography focusing on existing laws, policies, rules, orders, processes, practices which are affectively positively or negatively the lives of these marginalized women as well as the gaps in have been studies for better understanding and for future advocacy and policy dialogues.
Therefore, this research bibliography gives an insight together on communities as well as laws, policies affecting these communities’ people. Any future researchers or activistif want to work with marginalized group will be benefitted out of this research as he/she will be able to have accessibility towards the socio-economic and political characteristic of these community particularly of women group as well how existing laws are proving to be detrimental towards protecting rights and interest of people belonging to marginalized, deprived and socially excluded section.
METHODOLY
In order to complete this research activity, several method was adopted, primarily a Senior Consultant took charge of the activity for research mapping under whose guidance two researchers were hired who were mainly involved with empirical and theoretical study of available literature on women belong to marginalized communities of various region of Bangladeshas well as they were given task to prepare bibliography on given literature and online survey. During their research period they have visited several libraries in Dhaka city and collected available literature on community people as well existing laws, policies, practices affecting lives of these communitywere extensively reviewed by researchers based on which bibliography was prepared. Researchers while preparing bibliography highlighted the central argument of the literature as well as evaluated how the author argued on the subject and came up with findings on whether it is applicable to present context that is relating to Community Legal Services and if not then what are areas having gaps with emphasis on how these gaps can be removed.
Thereafter a panel of consultants was selected who revisited the sources of literature and online surveys contained under the bibliography prepared by the researchers, after much scrutiny and revision the draft was finalized and prepared for publication.
Bibliography (Source of Online)
1. “Land rights of the Indigenous people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh” from IWGIA Document No. 99 Copenhagen 2000 by Rajkumari Chandra Kalindi Roy
Author: Rajkumari Chandra Kalindi Roy Publisher: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs:
Publisher: Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs, 2000.
Year of publication: 2000.
Web link :http://www.iwgia.org/iwgia_files_publications_files/0128_Chittagong_hill_tracts.pdf
This publication is an extensive research report on land rights of the indigenous community of Chittagong Hill Tracts (‘CHT’). The report has a threefold aim. 1. The short term objective of this study is to provide an analytical framework of the legal basis for the traditional land rights of the indigenous people of the Hill Tracts; 2. In the medium term analysis, this study aims to mobilize support at the local, national, regional and international levels to advance the achievement of a just and enduring solution to the land-related problems of the CHT. 3. As a long term goal the researcher hopes that this paper will provide the basis for an in-depth study on the customary laws, land rights and other aspects of the legal system in the CHT, as well as contributing to the efforts to find a permanent and just solution to the conflict, which includes the recognition of the rights of the indigenous peoples. The research is based on articles, ethnographic studies, socio-economic surveys, historical data, reports, legal documents and other materials, as well as interviews with indigenous people, including their leaders.
Community: Indigenous community (CHT)
Theme: Land Rights/Issues of indigenous people (CHT).
Keywords: Indigenous people/Adibasi ; Property Rights; Minority
2. “The Tragedy of the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh: Land Rights of Indigenous People” from Social Anthropology Course: SIMV07 Term: Spring 2014 by Md. Ashrafuzzaman
Author:Md. Ashrafuzzaman
Publisher/Source: Masters Level Dissertation at Lund University under supervision of Dr. ULF Johansson Dahre
Year of publication: Spring 2014
Weblink:http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=4497285&fileOId= 4497292
The study is a post graduate research on the indigenous people of Chittagong Hill Tracts (‘CHT”) focusing on the significance of state policies at different periods of time regarding administration patterns and land rights of the indigenous people in the CHT. The researched notes that the indigenous community of CHT faced discrimination because of their culture and appearance as important factors that contributes to social marginalization. The research also highlights the oppressive measures taken by different regimes of the Colonial India, Pakistan and now Bangladesh in manipulating the cultural identity and history of the indigenous people, making them victims of repressive laws, confiscating their land for military purposes and for migrant settlers, sending the military to control them and creating conflict among the communities through ‘shameful’ mechanisms. This dissertation provides details of the historical background surrounding the conflict in the CHT region. This study also found out that the settlers have a tendency is to grab land belonging to the indigenous population and he proposes that to bring substantial chance to the status quo, the Bengalis ought to change their attitude to accommodate indigenous people of CHT as their co-inhabitants. In this research work, both primary and secondary data have been collected. The primary data was collected from several categories of indigenous and other people like students, teachers, farmers, businessmen, housewives, clan leaders, political leaders, government & non-government employees etc. Secondary data was collected from various written documents including books, research papers, journals, magazines, and newspapers. Community: Indigenous people (Chittagong Hill Tracts)
Theme: Issues of indigenous population (Chittagong Hill Tracts)
Key Word: Property; Indigenous people/adibashi ; state policy; Land rights; Peace accord ; minority
Community: Indigenous People (CHT)
3. “Alienation of lands of indigenous people” from First edition: May 2011, Copyright: Shapan Adnan 2011 by Shapan Adnan and Ranjit Dastusidar
Author: Shapan Adnan and Ranjit Dastusidar
Publisher/Source: Chittagong Hill Tracts Commission jointly with International Work Group for Indigenous affairs.
Year of publication: May 2011
Weblink: http://www.southasia.ox.ac.uk/sites/sias/files/documents/Oxford%20University%20CSASP%20- %20Work%20in%20Progress%20Paper%2015%20Adnan%20%26%20Dastidar%20Alienation %20of.pdf
In this book the author explores the reason for grabbing of land belonging to the indigenous people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts (“CHT”). The aim of the study was (i) to describe the various mechanisms used to grab lands of the Indigenous people and explain the causal factors underlying these processes ; (ii) to identify factors containing the implementation of the 1997 peace accord, particularly its provisions concerning restitution of the illegally occupied lands of the indigenous people and securing their land rights in the future ; (iii) an evaluation of the performance of land commission in terms of the roles specified in the CHT Accord ; (iv) to provide policy analysis and recommendations concerned with restituting the illegally occupied lands of the indigenous people of the CHT as well as securing forced eviction from their lands in the future; (v) to suggest advocacy and lobbying activities that may be taken up by the indigenous people as well as concerned pressure groups to facilitate the resolution of the problems concerning occupied lands of indigenous people. The study is based firstly on primary data generated through fieldwork by the researchers, involving unstructured interviews and focus group discussions and analysis of hundreds of secondary source. The study recommends use of computerized Data-Bases in different mouzas. It is further recommended that there is need for continuous monitoring and evaluation of land grabbing and related contentions as a method to provide early warnings of emergent ethnic and political conflicts in the CHT; this shall help to avert or deal with impending crisis situations.
Community: Indigenous people (CHT)
Theme: Land Rights/Issues of indigenous people (CHT).
Key Words: Property rights; Indigenous people/adibashi; CHT Peace Treaty, 1997; Equality; Minority Rights; Landless People; minority
4. “Land Dispute Resolution in the Chittagong Hill Tracts Caught between Liberalism and Legal Pluralism”Institute of Comparative Law Faculty of Law McGill University, Montreal, November, 2012 by Rokeya Chowdhury
Author: Rokeya Chowdhury
Publisher/Source: Institute of Comparative Law Faculty of Law McGill University, Montreal
Year of publication: November, 2012
Weblink: http://www.academia.edu/5114983/Land_Dispute_Resolution_in_the_Chittagong_Hill_Tracts_C aught_between_Liberalism_and_Legal_Pluralism
This thesis highlights how the indigenous people (Jummas) in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), Bangladesh survived with their distinct identity despite land and resource alienation over a century. This survival makes the CHT a field of legal pluralism, where the Jumma land title and community ownership has retained space competing with state imposed discriminatory laws. The thesis is based on both primary and secondary sources. Bangladesh constitution provides that all citizens are equal before the Law. The constitution recognizes freedom of movement throughout Bangladesh and the right to reside and settle anywhere in the country (Article 36). The study has suggested the need for a cross-cultural exchange, where two different identities might be able to reach particular decisions retaining their different ideological premises. Compared to forceful imposition of national hegemony this is a much tolerable way to resolve identity clashes.
Community: Indigenous people (Jummas) (CHT)
Theme: Ethnic and Cultural Identity
Keywords: Indigenous people/Adibashi; Jummas; Discrimination; Identity; Culture; minority
5. “Comparative Study on Causes and experiences on Displacement: Hill people and Bengali in Chittagong Hill Tracts” by Zobaida Nasreen
Author: Zobaida Nasreen
Web link: www.mcrg.ac.in/ztp.doc
Year of publication: Unknown not found in the article The study focuses on the displacement pattern of the hill people and as well as Bengali people in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. This issue can be examined through analytical typology of different kinds of internal displacement and analysis of the experiences of CHT hill people and Bengali migrant/settler’s and `Adi Bengali. Both Qualitative and quantitative techniques were followed in conducting the study. Khagrachari and Rangamati district have been chosen as research area. This paper is based on the data of an ongoing research on displacement taken by Mahanirban Calcutta Research Group (MCRG ) and supervised by Dr. Meghna Guha Thakurtha and Surauya Bengum. The government Task Force on CHT, set up just after the Accord, concluded that by the end of 1999 a total number of 128,000 families were internally displaced. The CHT Commission says that about 5, 00,000 people are internally displaced. It found nine criterion of displacement and observed the difference of the experiences of Hill People and Bengali people who are displaced since the study first added and gave attention to the displacement of Bengali people. It is interesting findings of the study that most of the respondents both Bengali and Hill People do not have any clear idea regarding their status as ‘Internally Displaced Person’ except hearing their identity as `refugee’ even they do not know what kind of supports they are supposed to receive from the government.
Theme:Land Rights/Issues of indigenous people (CHT).
Community: Indigenous people (CHT); Bengali settler; Adi Bengali
Keywords:Discrimination; Indigenous people/ Adibashi; Discrimination; Landless people; Property; minority
6. “Restrictions in CHT to go”,The Daily Star (news): March 24, 2015 / LAST MODIFIED: April 01, 2015, Article from The Daily Star.
Weblink: http://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/restrictions-cht-go-73423
Publisher: The Daily Star
Year of publication: April 01, 2015
The news article informs that the home ministry is lifting the restriction on any Bangladeshi or foreign individual or organization to meet or talk with indigenous people in the CHT, however it must be done in the presence of a magistrate or security personnel. Indigenous community and eminent citizens slammed the earlier restriction, terming it unconstitutional and undemocratic.
Theme:Issues of indigenous people (CHT).
Community: Indigenous people (CHT) Keywords: Indigenous people/Adibashi; minority
7. “Land use Conflicts of Chittagong Hill tracts and indigenous hill people as victim in Bangladesh”: Journal of General Education 01/2011; Southern University Bangladesh (Vol.1):62-66,
WEBLINK: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/235703063_Land_use_conflicts_of_Chittagong_Hill_Tr acts_and_indigenous_hill_people_as_victim_in_Bangladesh
Author: Kazi Mohammad, MasumMohammed, JashimuddinMohammad, Mamun-Or-Rashid, S. Jubaida Gulshan Ara
Year of publication: January 2011
The article found that the hill peoples are not given enough legal status to enjoy the land ownership rights. The study was based on both secondary information and primary data collection. It was found that in many instances Bengali settlers illegally took the Headmen's permission in land settlements sometimes, even in the land where hill people already exist. This is making the land use conflicts situation more severe. The study concluded that the hill people are not given enough legal status to enjoy the land ownership rights. On the other hand the study found that Chakma tribe enjoys more land rights compared to other groups under existing system. The paper recommended that the recognition of culture, language, customary rights and religious activities of the hill people should be supported by the constitution of Bangladesh and at the same time, integration of hill people should be ensured in planning, designing and implementation of each and every development projects taken by the Government.
Theme:Land rights/Issues of indigenous people (CHT).
Community: Indigenous people (CHT);
Key words: Indigenous people/Adibashi; Property Rights.; minority
8. “The Land Question and the Chittagong Hill Tracts Accord” by Raja Devasish Roy, Published in Victoria Tauli Corpuz et al (eds.), “The Chittagong Hill Tracts: The Road to a Lasting Peace, Tebtebba Foundation, Baguio City, Philippines, 2000 & in Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury (ed), Land: A Journal of the Practitioners, Development and Research Activists, Vol 11, No. 7 Association for Land Reform and Development (ALRD) (pp. 43-65) Dhaka, June, 2004. http://chtcommission.org/d-roy-land-q-cht-accord-20001.pdf
Author: Raja Devasish Roy;
Publisher: Victoria Tauli Corpuz et al (eds.); Tebtebba Foundation, Baguio City, Philippines, 2000; Association for Land Reform and Development (ALRD)
Year of publication: June, 2004
The paper discusses some of the key land-related issues in Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) region in Bangladesh and attempts to discuss the manner in which they have been addressed in the CHT accord of 1997. It gives a brief account of the historical background of land administration in the CHT, including the effects of colonization of the land rights of the indigenous people of CHT. The paper also considers the likely trends in the near future in relation to the matters discussed above. The report methodology is secondary reference. The researcher suggest that NGOs and other sections of civil society could help to work out a negotiated settlement in this regard, by being respectful towards the rights of the dispossessed people, and the rights of the settlers, who are as poor and as marginalized as the people that they have dispossessed.
Community: Indigenous people (CHT).
Theme: Land Rights /Issues of indigenous people.
Keywords: Indigenous people/adibashi; property; CHT Accord, 1997; PIL; minority
9. “The Land Tenure Dynamics in the Post conflict Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT)”, ISSN 1609-7289 Bangladesh Political Science Review University of Dhaka Volume 9, Number 1, June 2013 Bangladesh from- http://www.academia.edu/8634719/The_Land_Tenure_Dynamics_in_the_Post- conflict_Chittagong_Hill_Tracts_CHT_Bangladesh
Author: Aynul Islam
Publisher: Bangladesh Political Science Review University of Dhaka
Year of publication:JUNE,2013 This paper analyses the post-conflict dynamics of land tenure in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), Bangladesh, where the ownership is contested between tribal and settler households and where large-scale acquisition and incremental land grabbing is occurring in absence of effective tenure governance. The key argument is that the post-conflict CHT is a hybrid land context, apparently where land tenure is insecure, where the ownership is contested between tribal and settler households. This changing idea of land control is associated with (dis)possession dynamics. The role of negotiation in market, use of violence and resistance are also linked with land dynamics. The analysis is based on the qualitative fieldwork in four different mouzas in Bandarban district in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. In this study the focus is on the absence of effective land policies, the important driver in the local land market is informally buying and selling of customary lands between different stakeholders.
Theme:Land Rights/Issues of Indigenous people
Community: Indigenous people (CHT)
Key words: property; indigenous people/adibashi; minority
10. “Bangladesh: Indigenous Peoples engulfed in Chittagong Hill Tracts land conflict”: 12 June 2013, 00:00 UTC an article from- https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2013/06/bangladesh-indigenous-peoples-engulfed- chittagong-hill-tracts-land-conflict/
Publisher/source: AMNESTY International
Year of publication: 2013
In this report, Amnesty notes that the Bangladeshi government’s failure to address rights to traditional lands in the eastern Chittagong Hill Tracts region has left tens of thousands of Pahari Indigenous people landless and trapped in a cycle of violent clashes with Bengali settlers. The report criticizes the Land Commission set up under the Peace Accord to settle land ownership claims after the conflict; after 15 years it has yet to make a single ruling on a land dispute. Despite the 1997 peace accord promising to remove all temporary army camps from the Chittagong Hill Tracts, the region still remains Bangladesh’s most militarized with a substantial army presence. Many Pahari view the army as providing support for Bengali settlers’ continued occupation of Pahari land. The report is critical of the government and notes that this violence is likely to continue as long as these serious land disputes remain unresolved. It is also indicative of the Bangladeshi authorities’ failure to adequately protect Pahari people at risk, despite the huge security presence in the region. Amnesty International called out to the political parties in the lead up to upcoming general elections (2013) to include the restoration of Pahari right to their traditional land in their election manifesto. Community: Indigenous people (CHT)
Theme: Land Rights/ Issues of indigenous people
Keywords: Amnesty International; CHT Accord, 1997; indigenous people/adibashi; Land Commission; Property; minority
11. Name of the Parties: Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST) and others vs Govt. of Bangladesh and others Civil Appeal No. 116/2010“Aberchai Mog and others vs. Joint District Judge, Khagrachari and others Writ Petition No. 2829 of 2006 and Writ Petition No 3285 of 2009(PIL) Inheritance Rights of Marma Community in CHT”
Web link: http://www.blast.org.bd/judgements
In this Judgment, the High Court Division of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, held that Hindu Dayabhanga Law has no applicability for non-Bangali Ethnic groups including the Marma, Takhaine, Chakma, Tanchangya etc. Distribution of property shall be decided in view of ‘customary laws’ of that community as such customary laws are deemed to be laws of Bangladesh by the constitution.
Reported: 19 BLC (HCD) (2014) 358
Theme: Property ownership rights of indigenous women.
Community: CHT
Keywords: Land Rights; Adibashi; Minority; Women’s; Constitution; PIL
12. “The Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh: on the difficult road to peace” Published by Lynee Rienner Publishers, Inc, 2003. https://books.google.com.bd/books?id=V- v3hipIl_kC&pg=PA31&lpg=PA31&dq=land+research+in+CHT&source=bl&ots=vBHS0GpaX o&sig=3K2lnpk6wsEBBXxtX- KFV7uIVEE&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=land%20research%20in%20CHT&f=f alse\
Author: Amena Mohsin
Publisher: Lynee Rienner Publishers, Inc, 2003, USA. This publication mainly discusses on Peace implementation and problem solving with Indigenous people and Settler Bengali in CHT. This book has tried to find out the over view of geographical history, ethnicity diversity, economic activities and political chronology in CHT. This book also discussed the present, past and future political condition and peaceful ways to overcome the unrest situation prevalent in CHT. This book tried to find out the root reason of unrest and the nature of policy adopted by the administration that has created this unrest situation in CHT.
Theme: Ethnic, cultural identity and conflict (indigenous people)
Community: Indigenous people (CHT)
Key words: CHT Accord, 1977;Adibashi/Indigenous people ; Institutional Reform ; culture ; property ; minority
13. “Bangladesh: Communication regarding human rights abuses in CHT made public”: March 23 2015, News Article From- http://www.iwgia.org/news/search-news?news_id=1179
Author: Annemiek Wilson
Publisher: International Work Group for Ingenious Affairs.
Year of publication: March 23 2015
Based on a submission prepared by International Work Group for Ingenious Affairs (“IGWIA”) and the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) Commission, four special rapporteurs sent a joint communication outlining their concerns about continued human rights abuses in the region. During the fact finding mission, members of Bengali settler organizations allegedly prevented the Commission from entering the area by setting up road and waterway blockades. The members were forced to cut their visit short, and while leaving Rangamati on 5 July 2014, the Commission’s minibus was attacked. In a press briefing following their visit, the Commission alleged that the Border Guard of Bangladesh has been taking lands from Jumma people in the hill tracts to build camps and outposts. They also reported that there has been no significant progress in the implementation of the Chittagong Hill Tracts peace accord, especially the provisions calling for settlement of land disputes.
Community: Indigenous community in CHT and Jumma community Theme: Violence in CHT region Key words:CHTCommission; adibashi/indigenous community; minority.
14. “UNPFII: Violence in the Chittagong Hill Tracts continues with impunity”:Kapaeeng Foundation, Press Release/ New York, May 19, 2014, a news article- http://www.iwgia.org/news/search-news?news_id=996 Publisher: Kapaeeng Foundation, Press Release Year of publication: May 19, 2014
Kapaeeng Foundation, International Chittagong Hill Tracts Commission (CHTC), International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), and Shimin Gaikou Centre organized an event titled "Marginalization and Impunity: Violence in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh" during the 13th session of the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNPFII). Co-chair of the International CHT Commission said that, as is established under international human rights law, governments bear the primary responsibility to respect, protect and fulfill the human rights of the people in their countries, while the international community along with the human rights and other UN bodies also have a responsibility to promote and monitor the prevalent human rights situation. The report places several recommendations to the Government of Bangladesh and to civil society groups based on the findings of the research.
Community: Indigenous community (CHT) Theme: Violence against indigenous people Key words: indigenous people/Adibashi;minority
15. “Life is not Ours Land and Human Rights in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh - Update 4 June 2000”: Publication Chittagong Hill Tracts Commission http://www.iwgia.org/publications/search-pubs?publication_id=129 Author:Report by the Chittagong Hill Tracts Commission Publisher:International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA) and the Chittagong Hill Tracts Organising Committee Year of Publishing: June 2000
From 1991 to 2000 the Chittagong Hill Tracts Commission produced four reports on the situation in the Chittagong Hill Tracts titled “Life is not ours: Land and Human Rights in the Chittagong Hill Tracts”. All four reports document gross human rights violations in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and the last update also analyses the situation after a peace accord was signed in 1997 between the Government of Bangladesh and the indigenous political party PCJSS.
Theme: Violence against indigenous people.
Community:Jumma community (CHT)
Keywords: Indigenous people /adibashi; Jumma; CHT Accord, 1997; minority.
16. “Bangladesh: Militarization in the Chittagong Hill Tracts - The slow demise of the region's indigenous peoples. IWGIA Report 14”,Publisher: IWGIA, Organizing Committee CHT Campaign and Shimin Gaikou Centre 2012 May 17.
Publisher: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), Organising Committee CHT Campaign and Shimin Gaikou Centre Year of publication:2012 http://www.iwgia.org/publications/search-pubs?publication_id=577
The objectives of study are to analyze the historical background of the conflict in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) and status of Human Rights violations involving army personnel as well as the excessive military deployment in the CHT. The methodology is primary and secondary data collect and deals with sensitive issue. The study focuses on land grabbing and arson attacks by settler, assisted by the army. The study further stated that the primary responsibility for the lack of improvement in the human rights situation in the CHT lies with the Bangladesh Government. The researcher suggests that implementation of all provision of the CHT accord and withdrawal of temporary military camps, fully active land commission and amend the land dispute settlement commission Act 2001.
Theme: Violence against indigenous people
Community: Indigenous community (CHT)
Keywords: CHT Accord 1997;Militarization of CHT; Indigenous people /adibashi; Freedom from torture; Property; minority
17. “Status and Dynamics of Land Rights, Land Use and Population in Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh” by Abul Barkat, Sadeka Halim, Asmar Osman, Md. Ismail Hossain, Manzuma Ahsan Research copy from-Dhaka, Prepared for Human Rights and Good Governance Programme, Danida December 2010 http://www.hdrc-bd.com/admin_panel/images/notice/1405250629.test.pdf
Author: Abul Barkat, Sadeka Halim, Asmar Osman, Md. Ismail Hossain, Manzuma Ahsan Publisher: Human Development Research Centre (HDRC) Bangladesh Year of publication: December 2010
The report deals with issues related to ownership and use, access, possession and dispossession of land, and relevant rights that are the most complex ones in Chittagong Hill Tracts (“CHT”). The study aims to provide an analysis on concepts and categories of land rights and ownership which prevailed in the past and currently in existence in the CHT region. Both primary and secondary data and information had been collected for this study. To remain authentic, the trend found from the quantitative data has been cross-checked with knowledgeable people (i.e., community leaders, researchers, academicians etc.). The study observes that the problems related to the ‘land rights’ of the indigenous peoples of CHT is one of the most serious impediments to peace in the CHT. The crisis in the CHT is not a conflict between ordinary Bangalees and the tribal peoples, rather It is a problem created by the ruling classes that had ruled over the previous ‘Bengal’ regions and the current Bangladesh. The study recommends for proper utilization of laws and regulations and the initiation of harmony among the CHT peoples.
Theme:Land Rights of Indigenous People. Community: Indigenous Community/ Adibashi (CHT); Key words: CHT Accord, 1997; indigenous people/Adibashi; Property; minority
18. “Indigenous Rights in Bangladesh: Land Rights and self- Government in the Chittagong Hill Tracts” Indigenous Rights in the Commonwealth Project South and South east Asia regional Expert meeting, India International Center, New Delhi, India, 11-13 March 2002 http://www.researchgate.net/researcher/2014899339_Raja_Devashish_Roy
Author: Raja Devashish Roy Year of publication:11-13 March 2002 Publisher:do not have access to full document limited access
The study highlights the Impact of colonization and the ‘colonialist’ policies adopted by the successor Pakistani and Bangladeshi administrations in relation to land and forestry policies which directly resulted in the violation of the land and resource Right of the CHT people. The report observes that the first of such major events was the appropriation of the forest commons of the indigenous peoples by the colonial Forest Department in the 1870s. These lands still remain vested in the National Forest Department. The second was the construction of the Kaptai Dam of 1960. The third was the migration into the CHT of an estimated 200000 to 400000 landless Bengali farmers from several districts outside the CHT in 1979 and the early 80s. This was part of a government sponsored Programme that was planned and executed in secret without any involvement of indigenous leaders. In accordance with the 1997 Accord and subsequent legislation a Commission on land has been formed to resolve disputes over land, but it is yet to start its work.
Theme:Land rights of the indigenous people. Community:Indigenous people; Key words: CHT Accord, 1997; indigenous people’s rights/Adibashi; Property; Landless people; minority.
19. “Chittagong Hill Tracts: Women Living in Fear: Women in the Chittagong Hill Tracts are living in fear of becoming victims of violence or rape as a result of the failure by Bangladeshi authorities to bring perpetrators of such crimes to justice”. May 18, 2012, UN News Article- http://unpo.org/article/14300
Publisher: Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization Year of publication:May 18, 2012
The news report refers to the report of International CHT Commission. In that groundbreaking report of 1991, it was stated that the military systematically used rape as a weapon against women in CHT. According to the Hill Women’s Federation, “security forces were responsible for over 94% of all the alleged rape cases in CHT between 1991 and 1993. Out of all these allegations of rape, over 40% of the victims were children”. This news report encourages the forum and member states of the UN the Government of Bangladesh to implement the recommendations made by the Forum on the implementation of the CHT Accord, following a study by Mr. Lars-Anders Baer in the last session of the Forum.
Theme: Violence against indigenous people.
Community: Indigenous People (CHT) /Adibashi
Key words: Freedom from Torture; Indigenous People /Adibashi; Violence Against Women; CHT Accord, 1997.
20. “The family structure and cultural practices of Garo community in Bangladesh: An overview”ISSN 2277-0852; Volume 1, Issue 5, pp. 74-81; October, 2012, Online Research Journals- http://www.onlineresearchjournals.org/IJAH/pdf/2012/oct/Jalil%20and%20Oakkas.pdf
Author: Md. Abdul Jalil, Mohammad Ali Oakkas.
Publisher: Online Research Journals on Art and Humanities
Year of publication:October, 2012
The paper has explained the life style of Garos focusing upon their family life. How Garo people interact within and outside the family, and how their traditional family pattern and cultural traditions are changing are the key points in this study. This is an analytical and explorative study where ethnographic method has been employed. Empirical data has been collected from intensive field work, oral history, informal interviews and discussions. The study paper argues that although Garos traditional family pattern and cultural practices are changing gradually largely because of frequent interaction with mainstream, Bengali people and influence of Christianity, traditional norms and practices still dominate their family and cultural life to a considerable extent.
Community: Garo; Indigenous People (CHIT)
Theme: Ethnic and Cultural Identity.
Key words:Indigenous People /Adibashi; Culture; Livelihood; Minority.
21. “Right to equal status, identity, of Garo community”: Research by Tulshi Kumar Das,
S. M. Hasan Zakirul lslam, Asian Affairs, Vol. 27, No. 3: 45-54, July - September, 2005
Author: Tulshi Kumar Das, S. M. Hasan Zakirul lslam
Publisher: Asian Affairs, CDRB Publication
Year of Publication: July, 2005 http://www.cdrb.org/journal/2005/3/3.pdf
The Garos and their culture are ignored, humiliated, insulted and they are very often treated as less human being. Any attempt to remove the identity of a group is clearly antidemocratic which goes against not only the synergic pluralistic model, but also against the beauty of diversity of an enriched social life in the society. The paper suggests that synergic pluralism should be practiced in a democratic country to maintain independent identities, equal status and collaborative relationships among the people belonging to different ethnic communities. It recommends to take steps to establish the identity of each group, including the Garos on the basis of synergic Pluralist model.
Community: Garo community
Theme: Ethnic and Cultural Identity.
Keywords: Garo community; Culture; Livelihood; discrimination; minority
21. Indigenous Peoples and the Human Rights-Based Approach to Development: Engaging in Dialogue, UNDP http://www.undp.org/content/dam/rbap/docs/Research%20&%20Publications/democratic_gover nance/RBAP-DG-2007-Indigenous-Peoples-Approach-to-Development.pdf
Publisher:UNDP Regional Initiative on Indigenous People’s Rights and Development and Cordillera Indigenous People’s Legal Centre (DINTEG)
Year of Publication: 2007
The publication is aimed to assists international development financing institutions in their engagement with indigenous peoples on national, regional and global levels. This publication reflects the right based approach to development, seeking to examine the development policies of agencies and organizations from a human rights-based perspective. It represents a step in a dialogue process in which key development financing institutions are engaging with indigenous peoples’ organizations and representatives to better enable rights-based design and implementation of development initiatives. It is also hoped that this publication will serve as a tool for indigenous peoples in advocating for their rights in development processes that impact them. UNDP is committed to the realization of indigenous peoples’ rights in Asia Pacific and to partnering with international development agencies, governments and indigenous peoples.
Theme:Rights of Indigenous people.
Community: Indigenous people
Keywords: Indigenous people/adibashi; UNDP; minority.
22. Land use Conflicts of Chittagong Hill tracts and indigenous hill people as victim in Bangladesh Journal of General Education, Mohammed Jashimuddin, http://www.researchgate.net/publication/235703063_Land_use_conflicts_of_Chittagong_Hill_Tr acts_and_indigenous_hill_people_as_victim_in_Bangladesh
Author: Mohammed Jashimuddin, Publisher: Journal of General Education Year of Publication:January 2011
The study found that the hill people/indigenous community are not given enough legal status to enjoy the land ownership rights. It was suggested that a comprehensive set of land laws and regulations regarding the land and other resources management can ensure equal rights to every ethnic and set the stage for equitable and balanced economy in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.
Theme: Land Rights of Indigenous People.
Community: Indigenous people (CHT).
Key words:Property;CHT Accord, 1997;Indigenous people/adibashi
23. The Land Question and the Chittagong Hill Tracts Accord Raja Devasish Roy, http://chtcommission.org/d-roy-land-q-cht-accord-20001.pdf
Author: Raja Devasish Roy
Year of Publication: June, 2004
Publisher: Victoria Tauli Corpuz et al (eds) ; Association for Land Reform and Development (ALRD)
It gives a brief account of the historical background of land administration in the CHT, including the effects of colonization on the land rights of the indigenous peoples of the CHT. The paper highlight land related issue and situation of Indigenous people life.
Community: Indigenous people (CHT);
Theme: Land Rights of Indigenous people (CHT).
Key words:Indigenous people/adibashi ; Propertyrights;CHT Accord, 1997 ; institutional reform.
24. Determinants of land-use changes in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh, Publication by Golam Rasul http://www.researchgate.net/publication/256972223_Determinants_of_land- use_changes_in_the_Chittagong_Hill_Tracts_of_Bangladesh
Author: Golam Rasul, Gopal B. Thapa, Michael A. Zoebisch
Publisher: Elsevier Ltd.
Year of publication: July 2004
Shifting cultivation is a traditional agricultural land use in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh. It is, however, changing over the time under the influence of several internal and external pressures. In some areas, it is partly or completely replaced by more intensive land-use systems, but in other areas it is still dominant. Due to steadily increasing population pressure on land arising from natural growth of indigenous population and in-migration of lowland settlers combined with the government restriction on encroachment of reserve forests, farmers have been forced to shorten the fallow period, thereby accelerating deforestation, soil erosion and nutrient depletion. Such environmental problems have threatened undermining the livelihood of people depending on it. Policies and programs aimed at promoting alternative land-use systems have failed to achieve expected goals because of inadequate understanding of the evolution of existing land-use systems and forces driving the changes. Using cluster analysis, this study identified three types of land-use systems in Bandarban, a typical hill district of CHT, which are different from each other in intensity of use, degree of diversification and commercialization. Factors influencing the development of land-use systems were explored through factor and discriminant analyses. The results show that institutional support, productive resource base and distance to the market and service center were the main factors responsible for the development of three different types of land-use systems.
Theme:Agriculture (Indigenous People)
Community:Indigenous people (CHT)
Keywords: Agriculture; Property; Indigenous People (CHT)
25. Implementation of the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord: Challenges and Human Rights Issues, by National Human Rights Commission, Bangladesh http://nhrc.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/nhrc.portal.gov.bd/page/348ec5eb_22f8_4754_bb62_ 6a0d15ba1513/Implementation%20of%20the%20Chittagong%20Hill%20Final%2000003.pdf
The study notes the implementation of Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord. The slow pace and partial implementation of the Peace Accord has generated frustration among the indigenous peoples of the CHT and is one of the causes for the violation of human rights of the indigenous peoples.
Author: (Study Conducted by:) Dr. Abdullah Al Faruque
Publisher : National Human Rights Commission Year of Publication: October 2014
Theme : Violence against indigenous people
Community: Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT)
Key Words: Livelihood ; Minority ; Indigenous people ; Chittagong Peace Accord,1997.
26. Bangladesh’s Forgotten Crisis: Land, Ethnicity, and Violence in Chittagong Hill Tracts, by Iftekharul Bashar, Volume 3, Issue 4.
Author: Iftekharul Bashar
Publisher: International Center for Political Violence and Terrorism Research
Year of Publication: April 2011 http://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/CTTA-April11.pdf
The resolution of the problem in the CHT is a political solution which requires the involvement of both the government and the local inhabitants of the CHT. The military solution to resolving the problems may be counter-productive and may provoke the Pahari people to revive the insurgent movement which will certainly threaten Bangladesh’s national security, peace and reconciliation process. It is important that the Bangladesh government should not allow the region to become a non-governed lawless frontier land like as in Pakistan’s FATA (Federally Administered Tribal Areas). A security vacuum in the CHT will have destabilizing implications for Bangladesh and the region. CHT’s terrain and proximity to the Golden Triangle of Southeast Asia makes it a favorite transit route for the movement of illicit drugs and a conduit for transnational organized crime. The emerging scenario in CHT will test Bangladesh’s capacity to build peace and at the same time combat organized crime. Managing security in CHT needs to be backed by socio-economic development of the region which will require additional resources. The international development agencies should support Bangladesh to build durable peace in the CHT.
Theme: Violence in CHT region
Community: indigenous community. (CHT)
Keywords: CHT Accord, 1997; Indigenous people /Adibashi ; Freedom from Torture
27. Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust and others vs Bangladesh and others [‘Fatwa’ Case] Writ Petition No. 5863 of 2009 with Writ Petition No.754 of 2010 and Writ Petition No.4275 of 2010. (PIL (Imposition of Extra-Judicial Punishment, Legal Penalties in the Name of Islamic Sharia/Fatwa, Right to Freedom from Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Punishment, Violence Against Women, Abusive Exercise of Powers, Unreasonable Remand, International Legal Prohibition of Torture, Ill Treatment). http://www.blast.org.bd/content/judgement/ejp-judgment-8July2010.pdf
In making the rule absolute, the High Court Division of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh declared that extra-judicial punishments including those in the name of execution of Fatwa are illegal. Syed Mahmud Hossain J gave a number of directions upon various government authorities including the direction that any person responsible for imposing extra judicial punishment shall be liable under penal laws of Bangladesh.
Community:Rural
Theme: Extra Judicial Punishment.
Key words: Fatwa; extrajudicial punishment; Fundamental rights; Freedom from Torture; PIL
28. Ayesha Khanam and others vs. Bangladesh, represented by Secretary, Cabinet Division, Bangladesh Secretariat, Dhaka and others Writ Petition No. 3974 of 2004, PIL (all the above writ petitions were filed in the form of public interest litigations by women leaders, social workers and leaders of the political parties and certain other members of the civil society with important public image who have been advocating and fighting for the rights of the women of the Country). http://www.blast.org.bd/content/judgement/11-MLR-AD-2006-Judgment.pdf
In this case the issue before the Supreme Court was whether the provisions for reserved seats for women in the General Election is unconstitutional. The Apex Court held that “ The validity of the impugned Act providing modality, methodologies and procedure for the election to the women reserved seats in keeping with the mandate, purpose and object of the amendment to the Constitution in Article 65(3), if judged by the touch stone of the Constitution, we do not find the same to be inconsistent or repugnant or ultra vires the Constitution or offending any law. On the contrary, the same is designed to reflect the purpose and procedure and for materializing the object of the amended provision of the Constitution providing for election to the 45 reserved seats for the women in the Parliament on the basis of procedure of proportional representation in the parliament through single transferable vote enhancing the cause of democracy through a process which could not be termed as undemocratic.”
Community: Women
Theme: Womens Empowerment’
Key words: Womens; Equality; Fundamental Rights ; PIL
29. PIL (sexual harassment and to a form of gender discrimination). The Thana Education officer used the word “Bangla” (prostitute) to a Headmistress of a Government Primary School. Advocate Md. Salahuddin Dolon vs. Bangladesh Writ Petition No. 4495 of 2009, PIL (sexual harassment and to a form of gender discrimination). The Thana Education officer used the word “Bangla” (prostitute) to a Headmistress of a Government Primary School. http://bdpil.org/search/full_view/3
In relation to Conduct towards female colleagues it was held that no Government servant shall use any language or behave with his female colleagues in any manner which is improper and goes against the official decorum and dignity of female colleagues. In general, the educational in situations both in public and private sectors shall follow the guidelines formulated in the case.
Community: Women
Theme: Womens’ Empowerment.
Key words: Womens’, Sexual Harassment; PIL
30. Marginalization and Impunity - Violence against Women and Girls in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, publication http://www.iwgia.org/publications/search-pubs?publication_id=679
Author: Dr. Bina D'Costa
Publisher: Chittagong Hill Tracts Commission (CHTC), IWGIA, and Bangladesh Indigenous Women's Network
Year of Publication: 2014 May This report examines selected cases of violence against women and girls in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) in 2011 and 2012. It also discusses relevant legal contexts and, based on four key principles, provides recommendations to the government and civil society to address violence against women and girls in the region.
The report emphasizes that militarization and transmigration programs illegally settling Bengalis in the CHT that started in full swing from 1976 onwards have created extreme vulnerability and poverty for the Indigenous Peoples, and have deeply affected indigenous women and girls' safety and security in the CHT. This report examines selected cases of violence against women and girls in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) in 2011 and 2012.
Theme: Violence against women
Community: Indigenous people (CHT)
Key word:Womens’; Indigenous people/Adibashi ; Landless people ; minority
31. Safe Home, Safe Societies: Preventing Violence against Women in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT),Meghna Guhathakurta (Research Copy) http://www.academia.edu/7638046/Safe_Home_Safe_Societies_Preventing_Violence_against_ Women_in_the_Chittagong_Hill_Tracts_CHT_
Author: Meghna Guhathakurta
Publisher: UNDP
Year of Publication: 2012
The publication notes the ongoing violence against Women in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) region. With the help of case studies the report demonstrates that many of the cases of violence have to do with land-related issues. Many of the crimes committed occur in remote areas, or where women are left alone without the protection of family and neighbors. The essay highlights the lack of infrastructural support to people of that community and makes several recommendations to remedy the situation.
Theme: Violence against Women (Indigenous People)
Community:Indigenous People (CHT) Key words: womens’; Indigenous people/Adibashi ; Landless people
32. Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, by Rashida Manjoo, UN Report
Author: Rashida Manjoo
Publisher: Human Rights Council, Twenty-sixth session Year of Publication: 1 April 2014 http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:BaMLP1l5kNAJ:www.ohchr.org/EN/H RBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session26/Documents/A-HRC-26-38- Add2_en.doc+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk
This Report highlights the situation of violence against women in the country, taking into accounts its causes and consequences, and implications for the effective exercise and enjoyment of human rights by women. It also discusses the State’s responses, through the lens of the principle of due diligence, to prevent such violence, protect and provide remedies to women who have been subjected to violence, and prosecute and punish the perpetrators.
Community: Women
Theme: Violence against Women
Keywords: Womens’, Freedom from Torture ; Violence Against Women
33. A submission on Jumma indigenous rural women of the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), Bangladesh, regarding General Discussion on Rural Women, under Article 14 of CEDAW, to the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, (Report on International Council for the Indigenous Peoples of CHT (ICIP-CHT) http://www.ohchr.org/documents/hrbodies/cedaw/ruralwomen/internationalcouncilfortheindigen ouspeoplesofcht_icip-cht.pdf
Author: International Council for the Indigenous Peoples of CHT (ICIP-CHT)
Publisher: N/A
Year of Publication: 31st, October,2013 The report observes that military and other security forces are responsible for orchestrating many violent attacks by settlers against Jummas Women. There is a high rate of Sexual violence against Jumma women by the military, other security personnel and settlers.
Theme: Violence against women
Community: Jumma community (CHT);
Key words: Violence against women ; freedom from torture ; Indigenous people/Adibashi
34. Eradication of Violence against Women (Bangladesh Perspective), by Rowsan Ara Begum
(Director General Department of Women Affairs Ministry of Women and Children Affairs Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh) http://www.nwec.jp/en/data/Rowshan_Bangladesh.pdf(link missing) article not found on website, in Japanese language
Author: Rowsan Ara Begum
Publisher: Department of Women Affairs Ministry of Women and Children Affairs Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
Year of Publication: article not found on website, in Japanese language
This research on violence situation of Women in Bangladesh and to ensure Women development, justice.
Theme: Violence against women ;
Community: Women
Keywords: violence against women ; womens’
35. Violence against women: A statistical overview, challenges and gaps in data collection and methodology and approaches for overcoming them. Expert Group Meeting Organized by: UN Division for the Advancement of Women in collaboration with: Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) and World Health Organization (WHO) 11-14 April, 2005 Geneva Switzerland, Bangladesh national lower association (BNWLA)
Author: Sharmeen A. Farouk Publisher: Division for the advancement for women Year of Publication: 2005 http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/egm/vaw-stat-2005/docs/expert-papers/Farouk.pdf
Report on socio-economic status and many types of violence against women in Bangladesh. One of the main reason is that the Policy makers either do not feel it is necessity, or do not want to make public its failure to provide necessary protection to women.
Theme: Violence against women;
Community: Women
Keywords: violence against women ; womens’
36. Violence against Women: Nature, Causes and Dimensions in Contemporary Bangladesh, Kazi Tobarak Hossain and Md. Saidur Rashid Suman http://www.bangladeshsociology.org/BEJS%2010.1%20Kazi%20Tobarak%20Hossain%20%20. pdf
Author: KaziTobarak Hossain and Md. Saidur Rashid Suman Publisher:Assignment point
Publisher: Bangladesh e- Journal of Society
Year of Publication: 2013
This article is an attempt to discuss some of the major dimensions of violence against women in Bangladesh. Different types of violence against women take place quite frequently in Bangladesh such as domestic violence, acid violence, rape, gang rape, murder, forced prostitution, “Eve-teasing” etc.
Theme: violence against women
Community: women
Key words:Violence against women; womens’; freedom from torture
37. Measuring Gender-based violence: Results of the Violence against Women (VAW) Survey in Bangladesh, 5th Global Forum on Gender Statistics Presented by Md. Alamgir Hossen http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:jpwKqoroXzgJ:www.bbs.gov.bd/WebT estApplication/userfiles/Image/knowledge/Bangladesh_VAW_Alamgir.pptx+&cd=7&hl=en&ct =clnk(link error)
Author:Md. Alamgir Hossen
Publisher:Assignment point
Year of Publication: 2014
Presentation copy on Physical, psychological, sexual and economic Statistics of women
38. Measuring Gender-based violence: Results of the Violence Against Women (VAW) Survey in Bangladesh, Md. Alamgir Hossen http://www.bbs.gov.bd/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/knowledge/VAW_%20Survey_Ban gladesh_2014.pdf(link error)
Author:Md. Alamgir Hossen
Publisher:Assignment point
Year of Publication: 2014
The main objective of the survey was to generate official national statistics on the prevalence of violence against women and to observe the overall situation including the forms of violence along with their magnitude in Bangladesh. Methodology following both the qualitative and quantitative study. Quantitative study was conducted by analyzing the data set of VAW 2011 survey. The statistics concludes that combating the violence from the society immediate action plan should be taken to make the society safe for the women by considering the context.
Theme: violence against women
Community: women Key words:Violence against women; womens;
39. Thesis on women’s rights in Bangladesh Perspective, Assignment point
http://www.assignmentpoint.com/arts/thesis-on-womens-rights-in-bangladesh-perspective.html
Author: info missing
Publisher: Assignment point
Year of Publication: info missing
Bangladeshi women endure oppression and deprivation in their own family, community or in the society at large. They are also subjected to violence and discrimination. In a large country like Bangladesh, with its socio-economic and legal systems biased against the poor and the women, Bangladeshi women are in difficult situation. In this process of analysis the laws related to the subject and solutions from the judicial process are to be discussed. The enforcement of woman’s right is judicial matter.
Theme: Women right’s in Bangladesh context
Community: Women
Key words: Women rights; equality; discrimination
40. Women rights situation in Bangladesh http://www.modernghana.com/blogs/266878/31/women-rights-situation-in- bangladesh.html
Author:Jahangir Alam Akash
Publisher: Modern Ghana
Year of Publication: 29 March 2010
In the blog post , the author examines the human rights situation in Bangladesh specifically in relation to violence committed against women. The author observes that in order to prevent violence against women, it is necessary to practice the rule of law, carry out proper and competent investigations, reduce poverty and all kinds of discrimination (man and women) and implement existing laws protecting women. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure the security of witnesses and victims, and corruption must be fought against during the time from when the case is filed until the trial is finished. And political pressuring must be stopped. To prevent women's oppression, men must first come forward.
Community: Women
Theme: Violence against women
Key words: Violence against women; Womens’ ; freedom from torture
41. Domestic Violence against Women in Bangladesh: Analysis from a Socio-legal Perspective, by Mst. Taslima Khatun and Khandaker Farzana Rahman (Bangladesh e-Journal of Sociology. Volume 9, Number 2. 2012)
Author:Mst. Taslima Khatun and Khandaker Farzana Rahman Publisher:Bangladesh e-Journal of Sociology. Year of Publication: 2012
http://www.bangladeshsociology.org/Domestic%20Violence%20against%20Women%20in%20 BangladeshBEJS%209.2%20Final%20_new_.pdf
The study in the beginning focuses on the socio-economic cost due to domestic violence in Bangladesh and then finds out the domestic violence prevention mechanisms through national law and international human rights obligations of the state.
Theme: violence against women
Community: Women
Key words: Womens; violence against women;
42. Domestic Violence against Women in Bangladesh: A Critical Overview, by The Chittagong University Journal of Law Vol. XVIII, 2013 (p. 105 -129) by Asma Begum and Shiplu Kumar Dey
http://www.culaw.ac.bd/files/jurnal-2013/Vol.%2013%20%28Art.%205%29.pdf(Error LINK)
Author:Asma Begum and Shiplu Kumar Dey
Publisher:The Chittagong University Journal of Law
Year of Publication: 2013
Violence against women is a common occurrence in most societies whether the violence is physical or mental. To find out the domestic violence prevention mechanisms through national law and International Human rights obligations of the state.
Community: Women
Theme: Violence Against Women
Key words: Womens; Violence Again Women
43. Land Rights of Women and Hindus in Bangladesh: Defending the “Justice Claim” The Chittagong University Journal of Law Vol. XVI, 2011(p.1-31) by Mohammad Moin Uddin http://www.culaw.ac.bd/files/jurnal-2011/Vol.%20XVI,%202011%20%28p.1-31%29.pdf( Link error)
Author:Mohammad Moin Uddin
Publisher:The Chittagong University Journal of Law
Year of Publication: 2011
Land Rights of Hindu and Women. For women and Hindus, we found that both laws and practices were significantly unjust so far as their land rights were concerned.
Community: Hindu ; Women
Key words: land rights; minority rights; women rights;
44. Implementing women’s Equal right to Employment in Bangladesh: a Comparative judicial approach with special reference to India, Canada and Australia by AFROZA BEGUM Canberra Law Review (2012) 11(1) http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/CanLawRw/2012/2.pdf
Author:AFROZA BEGUM
Publisher:Canberra Law Review
Year of Publication: 2012
This article investigates the judicial approach to women’s employment in the public life in Bangladesh as compared to that of a number of countries, including India, and recommends the reconceptualization of the ways in which the judiciary should handle discrimination issues in the workplace to meet women’s contemporary values and concerns.
Community: Women
Theme: Womens’ Empowerment.
Key words: Womens; discrimination; employment;
45. Gender Awareness of Rural Women in Bangladesh, Journal of International Women’s Studies Vol. 9 #1 November 2007 http://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1298&context=jiws
Author: Shahnaj Parveen
Publisher: Journal of International Women’s Studies
Year of Publication: September, 2007
The study reveals that personal income and physical beauty of rural women are the most important factors determining a higher social status while women with distressed conditions including mental and physical disabilities were found to have a lower social status. Gender awareness among women in rural Bangladesh.
Theme: Womens’ Empowerment.
Community: Rural women
Keywords: womens; gender awareness; culture
46. Joint Statement: BANGLADESH: Government must act to protect Women Human Rights Defenders in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Fidh Journal Report (Hana Shams Ahmed, a vocal advocate for women’s human rights) https://www.fidh.org/International-Federation-for-Human-Rights/asia/bangladesh/15956-joint- statement-bangladesh-government-must-act-to-protect-women-human
Author:Press Release from World Wide Movement for Human Rights
Publisher:World Wide Movement for Human Rights
Year of Publication:2nd September, 2014
The press release notes that On August 25th, 2014, Hana Shams Ahmed, a vocal advocate for women’s human rights and Coordinator of the International Chittagong Hill Tracts Commission (CHTC), arrived with a female friend on a personal visit in Bandarban. At around 6:30 pm when they were returning to their hotel from Shailopropat Tourist Spot in a shared taxi, 8-10 people, led by BSOA leader HM Samrat, seized the taxi, pulled out two other passengers and physically assaulted Hana and her friend, striking their faces and backs. According to Hana, the Detective Branch police who were ordered to provide her security were accompanying her all day; however, they disappeared during the time of the violent attack. The press release called on the Government of Bangladesh to: 1. Conduct an immediate and transparent investigation into the attack on Hana Shams Ahmed and bring all those responsible to justice; 2. Ensure the physical and psychological protection of the staff of CHTC and provide security to ensure they can continue their human rights work without constraint; and 3. Respect and protect human rights defenders and ensure they are able to conduct their legitimate work without fear of physical and psychological violence throughout Bangladesh.
Community: Indigenous people (CHT)
Theme: violence against women
Key words: Violence against women; indigenous/adibashi;
47. Gender, Advocacy and Leadership Development Training for Indigenous Women of Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), Bangladesh Nari Progati Shanghahttp://bnps.org/cht.html
Publisher: Bangladesh Nari Progati Shangha Year of publication: 1-3 October 2013
The particular training was to build capacity of women from different CHT organizations and institution to lead the process of challenging the structural mechanism of gender inequality and advancing indigenous women’s status in family and society. The training offered necessary skills to become effective leaders in mobilizing, organizing, raising awareness and advocating for women rights at all level with particular emphasis to the context of CHT indigenous communities.
Theme: The objective of the training was to build capacity of women from different CHT organizations and institutions
Community: Women from CHT region (Indigenous women)
Key words: Capacity building; Indigenous women (CHT )
48. A Brief Account of Human Rights Situation of the Indigenous Peoples in Bangladesh, Asian Indigenous Peoples Pact (AIPP) Chiang Mai, Thailand http://www.medipeace.org/eng/sites/default/files/Bangladesh%20- %20indigenious%20people.pdf
Author: Asian Indigenous People’s Pact (AIPP)
Publisher:
Year of Publication: 2007
In this report it was stated that there is discrimination and human rights violation is particularly glaring in the indigenous-inhabited regions, where they have continued to suffer from violent land-grabbing and other forms of land alienation. The Government of Bangladesh has ratified a number of international human rights treaties and conventions, which has fundamental bearing on the indigenous peoples. The lack of political will by the government to implement the CHT Peace Accord is the major challenge in protecting the rights of indigenous peoples in the CHT. The report also notes that there is serious lack of knowledge among majority Bengalis about indigenous cultures, languages, way of life, history and traditions. Non- recognition of indigenous people’s rights and existence in the Constitution is a fundamental problem for the marginalization of indigenous peoples.
Theme: Ethnic and Cultural Identity and conflict
Community: Indigenous people /adibashi (CHT) Key words: Discrimination; CHT Accord 1997; Indigenous people’/adibashi ; land rights.
49. An Ethnographic Investigation on Land and Life of Santal Community in Barind Tract, Bangladesh, Mashiur Rahman Akand, Md Abdullah Al Mamun, Tahmina Naznin, Muha Abdullah Al Pavel, Lubna Yasmin, Syed Ajijur Rahman
http://files.aiscience.org/journal/article/html/70330012.html#paper-content-4
Author:Mashiur Rahman Akand, Md Abdullah Al Mamun, Tahmina Naznin, Muha Abdullah Al Pavel Lubna Yasmin, Syed Ajijur Rahman
Publisher:American Journal of Social Science Research
Year of Publication:May 22 2015 This study on Santal community historical background and culture. Bangladesh could generate a multiethnic leadership that will bring glory for the country and protect the people from all sorts of hazards and discriminations. Santal are the descendants of Austric-speaking Proto-Australoid race, and Worship the supernatural powers. Village as a territorial unit, a collection of some homesteads form an administrative unit where they also tightly bound to a kinship. Even they are very sincere in abiding the rules and regulations of their own society, social problems i.e., poverty, inequality, resource scarcity, illiteracy, maladjustment are more severe. Respecting the national constitution, Bangladesh should generate a multi-ethnic leadership to bring glory and protect Santal from all sorts of hazards and discriminations.
Theme:Culture and identity of Ethnic Community ( Santal community )
Community: Santhal Community
Key words: Santhal ; culture; Ethnic Minority; Inequality
50. BANGLADESH: Indigenous groups face land-grabbing in north, humanitarian news and analysis http://www.irinnews.org/report/94558/bangladesh-indigenous-groups-face-land-grabbing-in- north Publisher: IRIN
Year of Publication:29 December 2011
The paper highlights the land-grabbing of Santals [a northern indigenous group] and other people in the name of development, social forestation - to plant trees on their land for the overall benefit of society. It is later sold as `khas’ land [public land],” NHRC Chairman Rahman disagrees: “Our position was very clear from the very beginning: there is an indigenous population and they need special protection and recognition… We are also advocating that Bangladesh signs and ratifies International Labor Organization Convention 169, which deals with the land rights of indigenous populations.”
Theme: Land Rights of Indigenous people (Santal)
Community:Santal
Key words:ILO Convention 169; Minority; Santal ; Property ; minority.
51. Land Grabbing: The Predicament of an Indigenous Rural Santal Community in Bangladesh, by International work group for Indigenous affairs
http://www.iwgia.org/images/stories/sections/regions/asia/documents/BangladeshLand_grabbing .pdf
Author: Dr. Mrinal K. Debnath
Publisher: International work group for Indigenous affairs (IWGIA)
Year of Publication: (not found for the Article)
This article examines that land grabbing is a man-made malady of coercion and oppression for the indigenous Santals in Bangladesh. The violent nature of land grabbing in Palashpuri, a remote village in Bangladesh has dispersed and dislocated the once closely-knit Santalii community, destroyed indigenous social and economic institutions, traditional ways of life, the pristine and serene milieu, and rhythm of life of the community. The article analyses cases to demonstrate that land rights as essential components of human rights are being violated because of colonial nature of the nation-state and its failure to protect the land of the indigenous peoples. Through disregarding various International Indigenous Land Rights and many state tenancy acts, the nation state provides covert supports to the land-grabbers. Thus, the state violates basic principles of human rights and acts as an accessory to cause untold misery associated with territoriality. Besides, the article explores a deep-seated nationalism engaged in insidious ethnic cleansing resulting in identity and existential crises perpetrated through the dispossession of the indigenous land in Bangladesh.
Theme: Violence Against Indigenous People.
Community: Santhal people
Key words: land grabbing; property ; Indigenous people/Adibashi ; Culture ; Santal
52. The Khasis of Bangladesh: A Socio-economic Survey Published: 2007, Publication Dr. Thomas Costa and Anindita Dutta (SEHD) http://www.sehd.org/publications/adivasis-and-forests/36-khasis-bangladesh-survey
Author : Dr. Thomas Costa and Anindita Dutta (SEHD)
Publisher: Society for environment and Human Development(SEHD)
Year of publication: 2007
The report deals with socio-economic status of Khasi Community and presents a brief history of the Khasi people and important information on their present status, population, social system, education, livelihood, etc.
Theme:Ethnic and Cultural Identity
Community: Khasi Community
Key words: Khasi; indigenous people/adibashi; Culture
53. Kinship and Marriage System among the Khasis of Bangladesh: A Study of Khasi Culture and Identity
Rajmoni Singha Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB) http://www.bangladeshstudies.org/files/WPS_no24.pdf
Author: Rajmoni Singha
Publisher: Bangladesh Development Research Center (BDRC) Year of publication: November,2014
The main objective of this study is to examine the kinship and marriage system among the Khasi (an ethnic minority in Bangladesh), who are the only communities in Bangladesh still strictly following a matrilineal system. The study also touches on some of the key challenges the Khasi face in maintaining their matrilineal culture. Most Khasi live in ancestral forests, but most of their land is formally lease-based from the Government of Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a country with one of the highest population densities in the world. The migration of non-tribal populations into the Khasis’ areas threatens the Khasis’ culture, livelihoods and even existence as an ethnic minority in Bangladesh. The Khasi matrilineal system is a unique system that is rooted in rich culture and needs urgent protection by the State and development stakeholders.
Theme: Ethnic and Cultural Identity
Community: Khasi community:
Key words: Khasi; culture
54. Country Technical Note on Indigenous Peoples’ Issues -People's Republic of Bangladesh, Raja Devasish Roy http://www.ifad.org/english/indigenous/pub/documents/tnotes/bangladesh.pdf
Author: Raja Devasish Roy
Publisher: IFAD,AIPP
Year of Publication: November ,2012
To facilitate policy implementation at the country level, IFAD‟s policy of engagement recommends the preparation of country technical notes that provide country-specific information on indigenous peoples. The note is an instrument aimed at contributing to the development of country programme strategies and project design. In addition, the note is a knowledge-based tool to support learning on indigenous peoples‟ issues at country level. IFAD approved three projects in Bangladesh under the Indigenous Peoples Assistance Facility (IPAF): Integrated sustainable hill farming technology project for indigenous women (2008), Mainstreaming education through mother tongue and culture (2008) and Livelihood Security of Jumia (swidden people) bringing diversification in cultivation (2007). IFAD approved three projects in Bangladesh under the Indigenous Peoples Assistance Facility (IPAF): Integrated sustainable hill farming technology project for indigenous women (2008), Mainstreaming education through mother tongue and culture (2008) and Livelihood Security of Jumia (swidden people) bringing diversification in cultivation (2007).
Theme: Development Policy.
Community: Indigenous people
Keywords: Indigenous people; sustainable hill farming; culture; livelihood .
55. Bangladesh: Protect Garment Workers’ Rights, World Report 2014 https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/02/06/bangladesh-protect-garment-workers-rights
PUBLISHER: HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH
YEAR OF PUBLICATION : FEBRUARY 6, 2014
Afther the Rana Plaza disaster, coming on the heels of the fire at the Tazreen Fashions factory in November 2012 in which at least 118 workers died, both the US and the EU called on the Bangladeshi government and garments industry to improve labor rights. A legally binding safety accord was signed by 125 mainly European retailers.The report also called for trade unions, where they exist, to play an important role in ensuring factory safety, implantation of labor law and amend it to comply with international standards.
Theme:Labour Rights/Safety
Community: Workers
Keywords: Ranaplaza disaster; workers’; security and safety; employment
56. Worker safety and labor rights in Bangladesh’s garment sector, a majority staff report, committee on foreign relations United States senate
https://www.foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/85633.pdf
Year of publication: Novemebr,2013 The report concerns the issue of workers’ safety in Bangladesh. Improved awareness among American and European consumers is part of the push for better working conditions in Bangladesh. The United States Government should hold the government of Bangladesh to the implementing the action plan to reinstate U.S. To labor law reform and protecting the freedom of association and the rights, worker Safety. The various worker safety programs initiated in the wake of Tazreen and Rana Plaza have the potential to considerably improve the safety of Bangladesh’s garment factories in the short term. International pressure is growing against the government of Bangladesh, apparel brands and factory owners in Bangladesh
Theme: Labour rights/safety
Community: Worker (Garment)
Keywords: workers’ rights; safety; RMG sector; Employment.
57. The ILO Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Populations, 1957 (No.107) and the laws of Bangladesh: A comparative Review, Raja Devasish Roy (Publication) http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/ normes/documents/publication/wcms_114385.pdf(ERROR PAGE)
Author: Raja Devasish Roy
The report is supplemented with a table on the population statistics of the indigenous peoples of Bangladesh and a series of matrices comparing the Bangladeshi legal provisions with the major provisions of the various sections of Convention 107 (General”, “Land” and “Recruitment, Training, Health, Education” etc.). It also lays down the requests by indigenous peoples’ organizations in Bangladesh for the ILO to re-open dialogue with the Government of Bangladesh on implementation of ILO’s Indigenous and Tribal Populations Convention, 1957 (No. 107).
Theme: labour rights
Community: Indigenous community
Key words: ILO Convention; employment; labour ; indigenous people/Adibashi
58. The triple whammy for indigenous women in Dhaka, Lina Jesmin Lushai – ILO National Project Officer in Bangladesh http://iloblog.org/2014/08/06/the-triple-whammy-for-indigenous-women-in-dhaka/ Author: Lina Jesmin Lushai
Publisher: International Labour Organization
Year of publication: August ,2014
The ILO is working with the Bangladesh government to protect indigenous peoples’ land and traditional occupations in the framework of ILO Conventions No. 107 and 169. The Bangladesh Constitution states that no person can be discriminated against on the grounds of race, ethnicity and religion. Yet a study conducted by the ILO Indigenous Peoples Project reveals that indigenous women working in the garment industry are not aware of their rights, amendment Labor Law 2013 that are included in the ILO Conventions No.107,169, and 111.
Theme: Labour Rights
Community: Indigenous women
Key words: ILO Convention; employment ; labour ; indigenous people/Adibashi ; discrimination.
59. Bangladesh 2012 human rights report http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/204607.pdf
Year of Publication: 2012
This study is the US state department’s report on human rights issues in Bangladesh. Its notes that the most significant human rights problems were enforced disappearances, discrimination against marginalized groups, and poor working conditions and labor rights. Weak judicial capacity and resultant lengthy pretrial detentions continued to be problems. There were instances in which the government limited freedom of speech and assembly. Some Journalists practiced self- censorship. Weak regard for the rule of law not only enabled individuals, including government officials, to commit human rights violations with impunity but also prevented citizens from claiming their rights. As in the previous year, the government did not take comprehensive measures to investigate and prosecute cases of security force killings.
Theme: Human rights in Bangladesh
Keywords: Human rights; life; liberty; enforced disappearances; labour rights; employment ; rule of law.
60. A Research Report on Livelihood Pattern of Rakhain Community at Cox’s Bazar in Bangladesh by Saykat Mondal http://www.academia.edu/6908380/Livelihood_Pattern_Of_Rakhain_Community_at_Coxs_Baza r_in_Bangladesh
Author: Saykat Mondal
Year of Publication: not found
The study is focused on some case studies on various Rakhaine people and their various social and personal issues. The livelihood patterns of them are very good but they are faced with some problem rooted in political issues, land rights, education and acute communication problem.
Theme: Life of Indigenous people( Rakhaine )
Community: Rakhain community
Key words: Rakahain ; indigenous people ; livelihood; culture
61. Cultural and Health Management Practices of the Garo Community of Bangladesh: A Case Study of the Garos of Greater Mymensingh District, Md Moklesur Rahman Sarker, Abdul Ghani http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/SJPS/article/view/1783
Author: Md Moklesur Rahman Sarker, Abdul Ghani
Publisher: Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Year of Publication: 2008
An extensive survey study was carried out on different aspects of health management practices of the Garo communities in Bangladesh to assess their actual present health status. The most common diseases one being Malaria. Most of the Garos take treatment from their traditional health practitioners. In spite of some superstitions about diseases and health, the overall health status of the Garos is comparatively better than the majority of the mainland Bengali community.
Theme: health management
Community :Garo Community.
Key words: Health; Garo community;
62. A case study on the Garo Ethnic people of the SAL (Shorea robusta) forests in Bangladesh by Nur Muhammed, Sheeladitya Chakma, Md. Farhad HossainMasum , Md. Mohitul Hossain, and Gerhard Oesten http://www.academia.edu/3615158/A_Case_Study_On_The_Garo_Ethnic_People_Of_The_Sal_ Shorea_Robusta_Forests_In_Bangladesh
Author: Nur Muhammed, Sheeladitya Chakma, Md. Farhad HossainMasum , Md. Mohitul Hossain, and Gerhard Oesten
Publisher: International Journal of Social Forestry
Year of Publication:2011
Garo is one of the major indigenous communities in Bangladesh with distinct ethnic identities. An empirical study was conducted on this community living in the Madhupur Sal (Shorea robusta) forests of Bangladesh. Our objectives were to analyze the diverse socio-economic and cultural aspects of the Garo people with regards to their livelihoods. We also attempted to understand the underlying causes of prevailing conflicts with the Forest Department, and their adverse effects on the forests and indigenous people of the areas. It was found that this indigenous group has been experiencing countless challenges and their human rights are consistently being abused against, both by the law and its implementation. With multiple claims over the same piece of land and illegal settlements of non-Garo population in the forests, the Garo peoples have become a marginalized ethnic group in their own traditional land. This study determined that if sensitive land tenure issues remain unsettled, sustainability of the forests and lands cannot be ensured, even with on-going participatory social forestry practices in the Sal forests. The Government needs to recognize the Garo population as indigenous people of the area, which would legitimize them as caretakers of the land and forests resulting in the initiation of effective policies for sustainable management. It is recommended that existing national policies and laws that adversely affect their rights and life are reviewed andre-evaluated. The unique culture of the Garo population needs to be preserved through proper documentation and Governmental recognition.
Theme: Land Rights/ Issues of indigenous people.
Community: Garo Community
Key words: Garo ; property ; culture ; Livelihood ; Environment.
63. The Garos of Bangladesh: A Sociolinguistic Survey by Amy Kim, Seung Kim, Sayed Ahmad, Mridul Sangma http://www-01.sil.org/silesr/2012/Garo_2012-007_final.pdf
Author: Mridul Sangma, Amy Kim, Seung Kim, Sayed Ahmad
Publisher: SIL International
Year of Publication:2012
The Garo people of Bangladesh, who often refer to themselves and their language as "Mandi," actually speak a variety of mother-tongue languages. Within Bangladesh, the chief varieties are Abeng, A'tong, Brak, Chibok, Dual, and Megam. This survey report gives an account of the sociolinguistic research that took place among speakers of each of these varieties. The goals of the research included investigating linguistic variation within and among each of these six varieties, exploring Mandi speakers' attitudes towards their own and other varieties, and assessing the long-term viability of each variety. The degree of intelligibility in Abeng by speakers of other Mandi varieties was measured, as were Mandi speakers' abilities in other languages. Fieldwork for this research took place from April through June 2005, during which time wordlists, questionnaires, and a story recorded in Abeng were used as the primary research tools.
Theme: Linguistics and Culture
Community: Garo community
Key word: Garo; culture; Language
64. Human Rights Report 2011 on Indigenous Peoples in Bangladesh published by Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) http://www.unpo.org/article/13718
Publisher:Indigenous Peoples in Bangladesh published by Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO)
Year of Publication: January 9, 2012
The report highlights the continuing problems faced by the indigenous people in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. It was noted that despite strengthening solidarity and unity among indigenous peoples and civic groups of mainstream Bengali population with strong media support, the Indigenous Peoples in Bangladesh passed 2011 amidst numerous victims facing gross abuses of human rights without access to justice. The perpetrators, irrespective of state and non-state actors, enjoyed with full impunity. Land dispossession of the Indigenous Peoples and massive communal attack on them in order to occupy their land continues unabated. Constitutional recognition of Indigenous peoples and implementation of CHT Accord of 1997 remain unfulfilled, due to continuous following of policy-neglect by the Government of Bangladesh.
Theme:Violence against indigenous people
Community: Indigenous people/adibashi; land rights; CHT Accord.
Keywords: Property; Indigenous Community (Adibashi) ; freedom from torture.
65. Bangladesh must restore land rights of Indigenous People by Madhu Malhotra https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2013/08/bangladesh-must-restore-land-rights-of- indigenous-people/
Author: Madhu Malhotra
Publisher: Amnesty international
Author: Emaj Uddin
Publisher: ResearchGate
Year of Publication: 8 August 2013
In this news article it was stated that the lands belonging to indigenous people are not just crucial for the livelihoods of people in the region, but for many Pahari their lands are also intimately linked to their culture, identity and way of life. The article observed that it is high time Bangladeshi authorities should take concrete measures to protect Pahari people’s fundamental human rights.
Theme: Land rights of indigenous people
Community : Indigenous people (CHT)
Keywords: Indigenous people/adibashi ; property ; Culture.
66. Ethnic Disparity in family socioeconomic status in Bangladesh: Implication for family welfare policy practice, Emaj Uddin, Published Online: 5, August 2014 Author: Emaj Uddin
Publisher: ResearchGate
Year of Publication: 5, August 2014 http://www.researchgate.net/publication/271632102_Ethnic_Disparity_in_Family_Socioeconomi c_Status_in_Bangladesh_Implication_for_Family_Welfare_Policy_Practice
Ethnic disparity in family socioeconomic status (FSES) is the social issue across the world societies, including Bangladesh. Based on systematic cross-cultural literature, this paper compares and explains disparity in FSES between the majority (Muslim) and minority ethnic groups (e.g., Hindu, Santal, and Oraon) in Bangladesh. Data in systematic literature reveal that FSES of majority is twofold higher than the minority ethnic groups in Bangladesh. Using social science theories, this paper argues that disadvantaged psychological, social, and political status, including discrimination, and unequal distribution of resources perpetuate disparity in FSES between the majority and minority ethnic groups in Bangladesh. The paper also describes ethnic- sensitive social welfare policy programs on which administrator, educationist, social activist, and social workers may play important roles to reduce, eliminate, and change disparity in FSES between the majority and minority ethnic groups in Bangladesh.
Theme: Ethnic and Cultural Identity and conflict.
Community: Minority ethnic groups in Bangladesh.
Keywords: Minority; discrimination ; social welfare
67. Indigenous People’s Access to Land in Northern-belt of Bangladesh: A Study of the Santal Community, Smritikana Das, Master of Philosophy in Indigenous Studies Faculty of Humanities, Social Science and Education University of Tromsø Norway Spring 2011 Author: Smritikana Das https://www.ub.uit.no/munin/bitstream/handle/10037/3471/thesis.pdf?sequence=2.
Publisher: Social Science and Education ,University of Tromsø
Year of Publication: Spring 2011
Land access among the Santal people is so unpleasant that urgent implementation of special policies and strategies are important. My informants also suggested that they need inclusion of area-based representative in the land selling identification committee and distribution of Khas land for homestead as well as for cultivation purposes. For creating greater network and providing advocacy services, publicity on problems and vulnerabilities might be one of the initiatives to bring awareness to the greater population.
Theme: Land rights of Santhal community
Community: Santhal community
Key words: Santhal community’s land rights; land rights;
68. Unjust Land Right of Women in Bangladesh (Department of Law, Dhaka International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh), by Md. Raisul Islam Sourav, Published by: Scholar Publications, Karimganj, Assam, India, 788711, April 2015
Author: Md. Raisul Islam Sourav
Publication: Scholar Publications, Karimganj, Assam, India, 788711, April 2015
Year of Publication: April 2015 http://www.irjims.com/files/Raisul-Islam-Sourav.pdf
There have been many efforts in the recent few years to bring women into mainstream development in Bangladesh, but they are falling far behind and there has been disparity between men and women in the family and society in many respects. One of the factors that are working behind the backwardness is womens‟ limited and unjust right and access to resources, particularly to land. Moreover, the existing systems, laws, administration etc. are not suitable for women to enjoy rights over immoveable property. Hence, they require a separate land policy and legislation where equal rights over land should be clearly mentioned as per the international conventions. In addition, proper implementation of existing land laws, women friendly and digital land administration as well as women welcoming environment and supportive system of access to land can establish their rights and can empower them as well. This article aimed to elaborate the situation where a basic right of women has been manifestly deserted with a particular focus on the interpretation of the constitutional position and the existing statutory provisions regarding right to hold property by women. This Article also took an attempt to focus on rights of indigenous women to inherit land and religious position in this regard along with some effective suggestions.
Theme: Womens’ Empowerment/Rights.
Community: Womens’; indigenous women.
Key words: Land rights; indigenous; woman’s ; discrimination
69. Land Administration in Bangladesh: Mismanagement through Misfeasance (Paper written for Jahangirnagar University Planning Review (JUPR), Issue July – December 08), by Taufique Mohiuddin, Transparency International Bangladesh (TIB) http://www.academia.edu/7380974/Land_Administration_in_Bangladesh
Author: Taufique Mohiuddin
Publisher: Jahangirnagar University Planning Review (JUPR)
Year of Publication: July , December 08
This study attempts to construct a conceptual framework for developing concepts to explain the meaning of property and land. It discussed on different property regimes and on structural changes of land management system, especially focused on land reform, land tenure, ways of access to land, and religious aspects of land management. The avoidance of corruption is one obvious aspect of good governance. However, features of good governance also include accountability, political stability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality and rule of law, as well as control of corruption.
Theme: Land Management
Community: N/A
Key words: Land management system; land reform; property; accountability ; institutional reform
70. Distribution and Retention of Khas Land in Bangladesh (Prepared for Association for Land Reform and Development (ALRD) April 2000)by Abul Barkat, Shafique uz Zaman, Selim Raihan,Human, Development Research Centre (HDRC), April 2000 http://www.hdrc- bd.com/admin_panel/images/notice/1380013729.02.%20distribution%20and%20retention%20of %20khas%20land%20in%20bangladesh.pdf
Author: Abul Barkat, Shafique uz Zaman, Selim Raihan,Human
Year of Publication: April 2000 Publisher :Development Research Centre (HDRC),
The research work was undertaken to assess the impact of distribution of the khas land on the poor, and the whole range of problems associated with the retention and non-retention of khas land by the poor including the role of the power matrix (agents of power structure) in the process of alienating the poor from their inherent rights to own the khas land. Suggestions and Recommendations: All khas land distributed and distributable should be recovered from the illegal occupants, as soon as possible; distribute available non-agricultural khas land for uplifting the livelihood of the urban poor and forest community (including the indigenous people, where applicable).
Theme: Land Management
Community: Rural
Keywords: Khas Land ; Property rights ; Land Management ; accountability ; institutional reform
71. An Intersectionality Analysis of Gender, Indigeneity, and Food Insecurity among Ultrapoor Garo Women in Bangladesh, by Garo Food Insecurity, Jenny Munro, Barbara Parker, Lynn McIntyre
Author: Jenny Munro, Barbara Parker, Lynn McIntyre
Year of Publication: 2014
Publisher: McIntyre’s CIHR Chair in Gneder,Sex and Health, and a CIHR Global Health and Knowledge Exchange Dissemination Grant. https://www.lakeheadu.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/92/An%20Intersectionality...... pdf
The Research identify how indigeneity intersects with cultural marginalization and political violence in experiences of food insecurity and highlight the unique challenges Garo women face in relation to accessing culturally appropriate and sufficient food. Ultrapoor Garo women are in need of poverty alleviation attention from both Indigenous organizations, who market their cultural capital, as well as governmental and non-governmental aid and development programs that offer such assistance to vulnerable Bengali women. This study suggests that there is receptivity to this recommendation (Private stakeholder meeting, March 19, 2009). They have similarly discussed and documented, for both mainstream non-governmental organizations (e.g., BRAC) and the Government of Bangladesh, which administers social safety net programmes (e.g., food assistance, infrastructure-building, job training, education, disaster relief) for disadvantaged groups, that the particular conditions experienced by Garo women may not be adequately addressed. Further progress to this end will require both indigenous rights-based advocacy and inclusive poverty reduction strategies.
Theme: Food security; Ethnic and Cultural Identity and conflict.
Community: indigenous community (Garo)
Keywords: Food security; Indigenous people; Garo; Womens’.
72. Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Human Rights in Bangladesh 2008 http://www.askbd.org/hr_report2008/16_Indiginious.pdf (link inactive) http://www.askbd.org/ask/2009/01/31/human-rights-bangladesh-2008-english/
Year of Publication: 2008
The major issues highlighted in this report include those of land occupations in the plains and new encroachments in the CHT, non-implementation of the CHT Accord in particular with regard to failure to fully activate the civil administration or withdraw army camps from the region, or activate mechanisms and processes mandated by the Accord for resolution of land disputes and rehabilitation of repatriated refugees, as well as concerns regarding the voter registration process. Abuses of the criminal justice process regarding indigenous peoples were a continuing concern: thus there was no progress on earlier demands for prosecution of persons responsible for extra-judicial killings of human rights defenders engaged in protests in the plains against displacement due to eco-parks (Choles Richil, Piren Snal) or action to provide release or redress to others (Rang Lai Mro) who had been reportedly tortured following arrest after his protests regarding forcible land acquisitions in the CHT. Positive measures during the year, included the appointment as Special Assistant to the Chief Advisor of Raja Devasish Roy, a prominent human rights defender and community leader from the CHT, followed swiftly by the removal of the long-time ban on the use of mobile phone networks in the region, the establishment of civil and criminal courts in furtherance of separation of the judiciary nationwide, and the announcement that the Land Commission would be reactivated.
Theme: Land Rights and violence against indigenous people (CHT).
Community: Indigenous people (CHT).
Key words: Indigenous people/ adibashi ; life ; extra judicial killing ; land rights ; Peace Accord, 1997.
73. Title: Cultural Identity Crises of Munda Community of the Sundarbans Mangrove forest: An Anthropological Study Contributor: A.B.M. Rasheduzzaman Publisher: 33rd National Seminar on “Preservation of Tribal Art and Culture: Question of Decline or Downfall”. The Institute of Social Research & Applied Anthropology, Bidisha, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India. Year of Publication: November 2006 Edition: Name of the Community: Mundas Thematic area: Ethnic and Cultural Identity of Minorities. Issues: Adibashi/indigenous people, Culture, Discrimination (sex, race, religion, caste, place of birth), Language, Minority Rights Web Link: http://anthropology-bd.blogspot.com/2008/07/cultural-identity-crises-of-munda.html
The cultural diversity of the Mundas refers to the variation in institution, tradition, language, customs and rituals. The internal variation of the Mundas distinguishes (ethnic roots) from other ethnic groups and also from the mainstream culture (Taklie, 1993). This group is based on the common ancestral beliefs and common occupational status and identity. This community has glorious past of hundred years, though are now in crises of cultural and ethnic identity. Many of their culture have been merged with mainstream Hindu culture. The community is known as Bunos, Kuli , and Mundari to the local Bengali people. The migrations of plain land people to the Munda settlement influence them to acculturate with mainstream culture. Munda community now is in process of identity crisis and relevant recommendations are given through this research paper.
74. Title: Dhaka‘s prostitute -spot, background, preventive law Author: Muhammad Shamim Akhter Publisher: http://bangladeshmoves.com.bd/ on 18th September, 2007 Year of Publications: September 2007 Edition: Name of Community: Women Thematic area: Prohibited prostitution business in Bangladesh Issues: Discrimination, Womens’ Equality,Livelihood, Violence against Women,Womens’ Web Link: http://bangladeshmoves.com.bd/news/dhaka-s-prostitute-spot-background- preventive-law/
The constitutional law is committed to prevent the prostitution According to clause 18(2) of the constitution of Bangladesh the state shall adopt effective measures to prevent prostitution and gambling. Punishment and Suppression of Immoral Traffic Act, 1933 is widely used to deal the prostitution. According to the section 35 of Dhaka Metropolitan Police Ordinance, 1976 the Police can order the offender to leave the Metropolitan area as per the act of Punishment and Suppression of Immoral Traffic Act, 1933 , a per the section 74 of the act Police can fine five hundred or impose the both who call and inspire the client for prostitution .The poor implementation of existing law and widespread corruption to halt strong economy and to make easy earning through prostitution by a group of so called VIPs are strong supporter to prostitution.
75. Title: A Study on Occupational Health and Safety of Scavenger’s in Dhaka City Researcher: Rumana Sobhan Porag, Ripon Acherjee Publisher: Nagorik Uddyog Year of Publications: July 2013 Edition: Name of Community: Scavenger / Dalits Thematic area: Labour Rights/Safety Issues: Discrimination (sex, race, religion, caste, place of birth), Equality, Health, Livelihood, Worker’s Rights Web Link: http://www.bderm.org/sites/default/files/Research%20Report%20on%20Dalit%20Scavenger%2 7s%20in%20Dhaka%20City.pdf
The aim of this study was to assess the health and safety conditions of Dalits as an effect of scavenging in the open dump sites without any personal protective equipment. The study also focused to explore Dalit scavenger’s behavior, knowledge and attitude toward their traditional profession. Fifty scavengers (Traditional Sweeper) participated in this study. Data were collected from Gonoktuli Sweeper Colony at Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, using multiple techniques based on mix method research methodology. The study of Occupational Safety and Health on Dalit scavenger’s revealed that the potential health effects of waste from open dump site-related exposure might include digestive tract disorders, respiratory disorders and allergic symptoms. As they were not provided any personal protective equipment, cut in hands and legs were very common that caused them long term infection. In-depth interview suggested that to reduce health hazards of dump site scavenger should be trained by Occupational Health and Safety (OSH). Most of scavengers were suffering from various infectious diseases although there were no official statistics; proper investigation and research is therefore key demand for scavenger’s occupational health and Safety net. The study came out with observation that no treatment facilities are available for the sweepers at Dhaka city corporation hospitals. Thus a healthcare centre is an essential for every sweeper colony (both Dalit and Muslim).
76. Title: How long to remain ignored and muted? Bangladesh Dalits’ Movement for Ending Discrimination Author: Mohammad Nasir Uddin Publisher: Nagarik Uddyog Year of Publications: September 2013 Edition: Name of Community: Dalit Thematic area: Labour Rights/Safety Issues: Discrimination (sex, race, religion, caste, place of birth, Equality, Livelihood, Minority, Movement, Workers’ Web Link: http://www.nuhr.org/DocFile/130-Evaluation%20repor-%204%20March'14.pdf
The basic purpose of the project was to address the deep rooted structural asymmetries that shape Bangladesh society and its defined goal was to pave ways for the Dalit and excluded communities to have improved life by the means of reducing discrimination based on work and decent. Its general objective was to increase awareness, organizational capacity and income level of Dalit and socially excluded communities. The main objective of this evaluation of the project is to study and assess the success of the project in achieving the goals. At the same time, it is also tasked to examine the appropriateness of the project design for achieving the set objectives and to identify key opportunities and constraints that arises in the project areas in relation to upholding Dalit human rights and reducing caste, work and descent based discrimination.
77. Title: Dalit Initiatives in Bangladesh Author: Mazharul Islam, Altaf Parvez Publisher: Nagorik Uddyog & Bangladesh Dalit and Excluded Rights Movement Year of Publications: October 2013 Edition: Name of Community: Dalit Thematic area:Cultural Identity and Conflicts of Dalits Issues: Discrimination (sex, race, religion, caste, place of birth), Employment, Equality, Health, Livelihood, Minority, Movement, Workers’ Web Link: http://www.academia.edu/7166778/Dalit_Initiatives_In_Bangladesh_Mazharul_Islam_Altaf_Par vez
The existence of Dalits and caste discrimination in Bangladesh treated with utter silence or, even denied. However recently, Dalit movement is growing and taking visibility and gradually articulating their demand as citizens of Bangladesh. This movement is combining community organizing with raising public awareness and running with campaign, lobbying, legal interventions and international advocacy. The development and human rights issues of Dalits are receiving attention both national and international NGOs, civil society organizations and donors. The government of Bangladesh also accepted the issue as human rights and development concerns. Caste discrimination is still a relatively new area of human rights work in our country but it is an issue of fundamental concern affecting the day to day lives of millions of people across Bangladesh. As a human rights organization Nagorik Uddyog is working with Dalits and excluded communities at national as well as international level to create enabling environment where they can exercise their rights and access to public and private spheres. This booklet is a short mapping of the situation of Dalits in Bangladesh as well the actors, who are working to protect and promote the rights of dalit and excluded communities.
78. Title: Persons with disabilities rights and protection act in Bangladesh user-friendly booklet Author: Publisher: Women with Disabilities Development Foundation (WDDF) Year of Publications: Edition: Name of Community: Disabledpersons Thematic area: Disable persons rights and protection Issues: Disability, Discrimination (sex, race, religion, caste, place of birth), Equality, Due Process Web Link: http://apcdfoundation.org/?q=system/files/Persons%20with%20Disabilities%20Rights%20and% 20Protection%20Act%202013_0.pdf
According to the Constitution of Bangladesh, all citizens of the country have the right to enjoy their dignity, fundamental human rights and have social equality. It does not give new rights to persons with disabilities. But the Constitution says that Bangladesh should make sure persons with disabilities have equal rights like everyone else. Hopefully, Government will take proper steps towards the alleviation of risks and prevention from increased disability for children with disabilities, women with disabilities, seniors and persons with multiple disabilities.
Report
79. Title: 20 lakh fishermen to get ID cards this year Author: Staff reporter of the Independent Bangladesh Publisher: The Independent online news Bangladesh Year of Publications: July 2015 Edition: Name of Community: Fisherman Thematic area: Providing ID cards to fishermen Issues: Employment, Livelihood, Worker’s Rights Web Link: http://www.theindependentbd.com/printversion/details/9302
Bangladesh has got its right to collect marine resources over 1, 18,813 nautical sq. km following the settlement of disputes with India and Myanmar through International Court. The country’s 20 lakh fishermen will be provided with identity cards by the end of the year 2015 for welfare of the fishermen under a development project which has been taken by the Department of Fisheries.
80. Title: Rights of Religious Minorities Author: Publisher: Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK) Year of Publications: 2008 Edition: Name of Community: Minorities Thematic area: Minority religions’ properties Issues: Accountability and Institutional Reform, Discrimination (sex, race, religion, caste, place of birth), Equality, Fair Trial, Freedom of Religion, Minority Rights Web Link: http://www.askbd.org/hr_report2008/15_Religious.pdf
The challenge in coming years for Bangladeshi rights' defenders is to move from a defensive, reactive mode where they ‘protect' or ‘repair' after an incident occurs, to a more assertive, proactive position. There is a demand from minority communities for necessary amendments in the Vested Property Return Act, 2001 to effect its implementation and to redress the financial loss of victims whose land has been appropriated after 1965. Establish an autonomous Minority Rights Commission for redressing of complaints.
81. Title: Freedom of Religion: religious minority in Bangladesh Author: Barrister Harun ur Rashid Publisher: thepersecution.org/ Year of Publications: October 2004 Edition: Name of Community: Minority Ahmadiya and Hindu Thematic area: Minority communities’ religious right Issues: Accountability and Institutional Reform, Culture, Discrimination Expression, Equality, Freedom of Religion, Liberty, Minority Rights Web Link: http://www.thepersecution.org/world/bangladesh/2004/10/ds041003law.html
Some religious minorities particularly Ahmadiya and Hindu have become victim of fanatic force in Bangladesh. As right to practice and propagate religion is a fundamental right, Government is responsible to ensure such rights to every group of religion in Bangladesh.
82. Title: Religious freedom index placed Bangladesh on the Watch List Author: Publisher: United States Commission on International Religious Freedom Report 2011 Year of Publications: September 2011 Edition: Name of Community: Religious Minority Thematic area: Issues: Accountability and Institutional Reform, Culture, Discrimination (sex, race, religion, caste, place of birth), Equality, Expression, Due Process, Freedom of Religion, Liberty, Minority Rights Web Link: http://bangladeshwatchdog.blogspot.com/2011/09/religious-freedom-index- placed.html
The government of Bangladesh in consultation with representatives from civil society took steps to address the issues of religious minority communities to restore property seized under the Vested Property Act and fully implement the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accords; to investigate and, to the fullest extent of the law, prosecute perpetrators of violent acts against members of minority religious communities, women, and non-governmental organizations; and reforming the judiciary and the police to ensure that law enforcement and security services are equally protective of the rights of all, including Hindus, Buddhists, Christians, Ahmadis, tribal peoples, and other minorities.
83. Title: Rough weather in the Bay makes fishermen’s lives difficult Author: Publisher: Dhaka Tribune Year of Publications: September 2014 Edition: Name of Community: Fishermen Thematic area: Labour Right/Safety Issues: Employment, Livelihood Environment, Life, Livelihood, Workers’ Web Link: http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2014/sep/06/rough-weather-bay-makes- fishermen%E2%80%99s-lives-difficult
There is a growing frustration among the fishermen due to the rough weather, as deep-sea fishing is their only way to earn livelihood, have the sea robbers to worry about during the Hilsa catching season. The fishermen’s lives are at constant risk due lack of inadequate number of shelters in the coastal areas. The existing shelters can accommodate around 3,000 people during the storms, but the rest of the people have to find shelter in the forest, or in the trawlers and boats. The government earns several crore taka in revenue because of the deep-sea fishermen, but when the storms come they cannot find shelter to protect themselves.
84. Title: Protection for Informal Workers in Bangladesh: Problems and Prospects Author: Ferdousi Begum Publisher: Daffodil International University Year of Publications: April 2015 Edition: Name of Community: Worker Thematic area: Workers’ right/safety Issues: Employment, Equality, Livelihood, Worker’s Rights Web Link: http://forum.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd/index.php?topic=28136.0
The government of Bangladesh is primarily responsible to strive for assurances and commitments pledged in the constitution for the informal workers. Article 14 directs the government to realize means whereby workers, backward groups can get rid of poor living standard. Concern is about introducing a feasible wage structure which should be proportionate with working hour and consistent with the work nature of informal workers. Consideration of health hazards and associated risks with work environment must be taken into consideration. Here, the government should come out with a pragmatic solution to design a mechanism for minimum wage in the labor legislation. The informal labor force needed to get proper recognition and legal protection in labor laws of Bangladesh.
85. Title: Dhaka Dalits push for anti-discrimination law Author: Publisher: Daily Ittefaq Year of Publications: January 2014 Edition: Name of Community: Dalits Thematic area: Rights of Minority (Dalit) Issues: Discrimination Equality, Livelihood, Shelter Web Link: http://www.clickittefaq.com/in-the-news/dhaka-dalits-push-anti-discrimination-law/
Due to their profession and identity, the Dalits – the term comes from the word dalita or “oppressed” – are still not allowed to rent houses outside their communities. Although younger generations of Dalits are increasingly educating themselves, many say they are not able to get jobs consummate to their training, due to discrimination. But a draft anti-discrimination law, which could be approved by June, has the potential to improve life for members of the marginalised community, human rights activists have said.
86. Title: National Consultation on Dalit and Socially Excluded Communities: Problems and Possible Way Forward Author: Publisher: Nagorik Uddyog Year of Publications: April 2008 Edition: Name of Community: Dalit Thematic area: Rights of Minority (Dalit). Issues: Discrimination, Employment, Equality, Life, Livelihood, Minority, Workers, Web Link: http://www.nuhr.org/DocFile/70-BDERM_consultationreport.pdf
Dalit and other neglected communities are like other citizens of Bangladesh, but they have always been deprived of their constitutional rights and consequently fall victims to severe social discrimination. They couldn’t stand up as a strong and influential community in our society obviously because they lack privileges of education, opportunities and rights of owning a property, As a result they have never become as a strong pressure group to realize their rights. To take possible initiative for creating a national platform of Dalit and Excluded Community people of their own. Identifying the way to lobby with and pursuing the government taking steps for establishing the rights of Dalit and Excluded community by placing the discriminatory situation against them.
87. Title: Snatched Childhood: A Study Report on the Situation of Child Prostitutes in Bangladesh Author: Sharfuddin Khan, Md. Azad Publisher: Bangladesh Shishu Adhikar Forum (BSAF) Year of Publications: February 2013 Edition: Name of Community: Women, Children Thematic area: Issues: Children, Discrimination Violence against Women Web Link:http://bsafchild.net/pdf/CP.pdf
Bangladesh has ratifies a number of international instrument against sexual abuse & exploitation of children including trafficking. Children forced into prostitution are deprived of basic rights like quality food, shelter, education, medical care also deprived of social rights. Interventions need to be designed that no children forced to be prostitution, by ensuring proper law, good governance etc. Design programme to rescue, rehabilitation etc.
88. Title: Book of customary laws of ethnic minority group launched Author: Publisher: Bangladesh News Year of Publications: February 2008 Edition: Name of Community: Ethnic minority Thematic area: Ethnic minorities’ own traditional laws Issues: Access to Justice, Adibashi, Culture, Equality, Fair Trial, Minority Rights Web Link: http://www.independent-bangladesh.com/200802141867/country/book-of-customary- laws-of-ethnic-minority-groups-launched.html
Book on the customary laws of 11 ethnic minority groups living in three south-eastern hill districts of Khagrachhari, Bandarban and Rangamati. Manusher Jonno Foundation and Kapo Sheba Sangha, a local organisation, jointly published the compilation of the practices and traditions of Chakma, Marma, Tripura, Mro, Tanchangya, Bawm Chak, Khumi, Pankhoa and Lusai ethnic groups. The organisation conducted a field study, inter-active sessions with the circle chiefs, headmen, karbaris (traders) and other stakeholders in the hills, between 2005 and 2006, to make a complete list of the practices of various ethnic groups. The matter should not be taken to the parliament as the legal reforms, in case of customary laws in particular, take place very rapidly in modern societies. 'It is better to keep these traditions alive at the levels concerned, stated on this book. The indigenous groups have preferred using their traditions in resolving disputes at the family and social levels over the centuries.
89. Title: “Third gender is not a word, it is a Gender” Author: Publisher: Bondhu Social Welfare Society Year of Publications: June 2015 Edition: Name of Community: Transgender Thematic area: Third gender/ Transgender rights and protection. Issues: Discrimination, Equality, Culture Web Link: http://www.bandhu-bd.org/third-gender-is-not-a-word-it-is-a-gender/
The third gender/Transgender is an identity-based category for people who do not identify themselves as either male or female. This may include people who want to perform or want to be presented as a gender that is different than the one which was assigned to them at birth, based on genitalia or other criteria. It can also include people who do not feel the male or female gender roles that their culture dictates in terms of social, sexual or gender role preference. In Bangladesh this community remains socially excluded, living on the fringes of society, harassed by the police and abused by the public. Most make a living by singing and dancing at weddings or child birth, many have moved to begging and prostitution. Violence against hijras, especially hijra sex workers, is often brutal, and occurs in public spaces, police stations, prisons, and their homes. As with transgender people in most of the world, they face extreme discrimination in health, housing, education, employment, immigration, law, and any bureaucracy that is unable to place them into male or female gender categories.
90. Title: Ensure rights of the third gender Author: Farzana Hussain Publisher: Daffodil International University Year of Publications: January 2015 Edition: Name of Community: Third gender/ Transgender Thematic area: Third gender/ Minority Rights (Transgender) Issues: Access to Justice, Discrimination (sex, race, religion, caste, place of birth), Equality Web Link: http://forum.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd/index.php?topic=26064.0 This article is stated about the social acceptance along with the landmark court rulings and legal status by governments will help bring the third gender people into the mainstream and improve their lot worldwide, a specific law to be enacted to cover third gender people’s rights. The government must make sure that the third genders have access to medical care and other facilities like separate wards in hospitals and separate public toilets. The government should also treat transgender as “socially and economically minority,’’ to enable them to get quotas in jobs and education. Confusion still remains in areas on their rights to inheritance, rights to own property, rights to adopt a child and rights to marry. Without these rights to be confirmed, only legal recognition as a marginal group will do little to their favour .In this article writer brought sub-continental judgments regarding third gender identity rights.
91. Title: “Protecting the Human Rights of Sexual Minorities: Bridging the Opportunities” – A Consultation with JAMAKON Author: Publisher: Bondhu Social Welfare Society Year of Publications: September 2015 Edition: Name of Community: Third gender/ Transgender Thematic area: Third gender/ Transgender rights and protection Issues: Access to Justice, Discrimination (sex, race, religion, caste, place of birth), Equality, Minority Rights Web Link: http://www.bandhu-bd.org/health-examination-for-hijra-third-gender-population/
Health examination for hijra (third gender) population for determining the eligibility for government allowance is disrespectful as far as their self-identity is concerned. The session concluded with remarks for commitment from the organizations participated to include and work on Human Rights issues of sexual minority population to impart clear and correct understanding among the general population that human rights are the rights for all and equally applicable.
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ALRD
33. Title: Political economy of the vested property Act in rural Bangladesh Author: Abul Barkat, Shafique uz Zaman, Azizur Rahman, Avijit Poddar Publisher: Association for Land Reform and Development (ALRD) Year of Publication: 1997 Edition: 1st Name of Community: Hindu Thematic area: Minority Rights Issue:Minority Rights, Property, Equality
In this book, an atempt has been made to explore the evolution of the vested property Act, to identify the magnitudes of the suffering resulted from the implementation of the Law, and to evaluate this impect on the socio-economic life of Hindu community. The main objectives are to idetify the worst effected social catagories of people in terms of social and economic status, to assess the present status of the effected categories in terms of their socio-economic sufferings due to loss of land rights, loss of other properties, migration, insecurity, harassment. The source of data were both primary and secondary. Demanding the vested property act as unconstitutional, the researchers suggested the Govenment to amend the Act.
34. Title: Political economy of Khas Land in Bangladesh Author: Abul Barkat, Shafique uz Zaman, Selim Raihan Publisher: Association for Land Reform and Development (ALRD) Year of Publication: August 2001 Edition: 1st Name of Community: Marginalized Poor Theme: Landless Community Issue: Accountability and Institutional Reform, Property, Equality
Identification and management of khas land and water-bodies, distribution of the same to the landless and poor people, retention of such land and water-bodies by the landless, and pertinent rules and practices within the prevailing social political context of Bangladesh constitute prime issues of agrarian reform.
Out of the total amount of identified khas land of 3.3 million acres, only a tiny portion has so far been distributed to the poor who faces multifaceted difficulties in both obtaining and retaining land. Most khas lands, identified or un-identified, are illegally occupied by the rich segments of the society who are integral part of the power structure.
Agrarian reform is essential to ensure human development in Bangladesh. In realizing this, poor people’s ownership of and access to khas land and water-bodies should be broadened. This is an issue of high political commitment, which can be materialized only through people’s involvement in such movement.
BLAST
35. Title: Violence against Indigenous women and girls in Bangladesh: A concerning Human Rights Issue and Vision for a just society Author: Publisher: /Bangladesh women network (BIWN) Year of Publication: 2013 Edition: Name of Community: Indigenous people of CHT Thematic area: Indigenous People’s Rights Issue: Accountability and Institutional Reform, Adibashi, Fair Trial, Discrimination, Minority Rights,
Violence against Women, Women’s Rights
This research unveils that the cause behind sexual violence against Indigenous women are the communal policy of the state, culture of impunity enjoyed by the culprits, prolonged of legal prosecution, lack of legal knowledge among the Indigenous people to pursue legal procedure, corruption in the administration and law enforcement agenesis an lack of proper implementation of the CHT accord. Advocacy program with stakeholders focusing on the impact of VAW both in CHT and the plains, and access to Justice, capacity buildup of local Indigenous women’s organizations, creating strong social awareness program have been recommended in this research.
36. Title: Human rights in Bangladesh 1997 Author: Ain O Salish Kendra (ASK), Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST), Madaripur Legal Aid Association (MLAA) Odhikar Publisher: University Press Limited Year of Publication: 1998 Edition: 1st Name of Community: All citizens of Bangladesh Theme: Human Rights Issue: Accountability; Institutional Reform, Fair Trial
This Report is essential for an understanding of how weaknesses in public institutions have been sustained by a political culture which tolerates violence of Human Rights and Democratic norms. The purpose of disseminating this information is to raise questions regarding the role of different actors: the civil society in promoting and protecting constitutional rights of citizens, the commitment of the political structures towards democratic parties, the responsibility of law enforcement agencies.
37. Title: Aung Shew Prue Chodhury vs. Kyaw Sain Pru Chodhury, Civil Petition for Leave to Appeal no. 712 of 1997 Author: Publisher: 50, DLR (AD) 1998, 73 Year of Publication: 1998 Name of Community: Indigenous Theme: Indigenous people’s Rights Issue: Adibashi/Indigenous people, Association, Culture
The last Chief Bhomanggree Mong Swe Prue (1959-1996) died on the 16th June, 1996 causing a vacancy in the Chief- ship. Custom has recognized Bhomang chief sons are not inherited to the Chief- ship position. The succession to the tribal Chief-ship of Bhomang, is the next eldest male blood relative and does not follow in the direct line. The Hon’ble High court passed an order to the effect that the Bhomang Chief are not elected person so that, election is not a customary yardstick for selection to the office either. The judgement stated “For all the aforesaid reasons we do not think that the respondent were guided in their selection of Bhomang Chief on the right and relevant consideration. They have taken extraneous matter in the considerations which have vitiated the appointment and reorganization”.
38. Title:Dr.Mohiuddin Farooque, Secretary General, Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA) being dead Ms. Syeda Rizwana Hasan, Director (program) representing BELA petitioner Vs. Bangladesh and others respondents - Writ Petition no. 891 0f 1994 Author: Publisher: 55 DLR [2003], 69 Year of Publication: 2003 Name of Community: Citizen Theme: Environmental pollution. Issue: Environment; PIL
It’s also the constitutional obligation of the Government to ensure that the rights of the people, so very glorified under article 18 and 32 of the constitution. Praying for appropriate relief relating to the matter of control of pollution from industries/factories situated up and down the country, the High Court directed to control pollution within the period of two years.
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63. Title: Indigenous Knowledge and Development Discuss: A case Study of Bangladesh, PRPA Research Report#053 Author: Zahir Uddin Ahmed Publisher: Research Initiatives Bangladesh (RIB) Year of Publication: 1996 Name of Community: Indigenous/ ethnic Thematic area: Indigenous People’s Rights Issue: Culture, Expression
The report looks at how pluralism can be achieved in the whole nation through an analysis of alternative developmental efforts of non-Governmental organizations. Researcher argued that knowledge should not be seen as a tangible stock of facts to be extracted; as is the tendency is the case of agriculture extension and later the NGOs. This implies no knowledge system be it scientific knowledge or local knowledge. The final implication is that it is too simplistic to see resistance to development as an expression against “western scientific knowledge”. In rural Bangladesh resistance has to be seen it terms of different versions of knowledge that are deeply rooted within society.
64. Title: The prospect of small and rural Industry as a means of poverty Alleviation and culture preservation of the aboriginal Ethnic Communities of Bangladesh: A case Study on Garos, PRPA Research Report#071 Author: Ratan sarkar, A K M Masud Ali, A K M Mustaque Ali Publisher: Research Initiatives Bangladesh (RIB) Year of Publication: June 2001 Name of Community: Garo Thematic area: Indigenous People’s Rights Issue: Adibashi,
Culture,
Livelihood
This Research was conducted within the territories of Durgapur Thana of Netrokona district and main objectives are to investigate the poverty situation of the sample population, determine factors that inhibit the marketing of such products, and suggest to ensure the production and marketing of such products. Researcher said that there was a rich heritage of Garo handicrafts but as a result of lack of market, necessary skills and capital the production are at a halt. Therefore the researchers recommended that proper marketing process and increased products can improve the situation and contribute to poverty alleviation and cultural preservation of the Garo community.
65. Title: Abuse of Section 54 of the code of Criminal Procedure, PRPA Research Report#109 Author: Odhikar, Publisher: Research Initiatives Bangladesh (RIB) Year of Publication: 2001 Name of Community: Citizens Thematic area: Access to Justice Issue: Access to Justice,
Accountability and Institutional Reform,
Fair Trial,
Safeguards on Arrest,
Speedy Trial
Relying on the Newspaper and Journal reports and article and other relevant literature, an analysis was done about application of section 54 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898. Serious abuse of the legal provision of arrest without warrant was tracked during study. However the researchers recommended to ensure transparency and accountability in all government bodies, including the police force. Legal provisions should be inserted in concern laws to give compensation to those who have falsely been arrested and detained under section 54.
66. Title: Land Laws, Rights and Dispute Resolution the perspective of the poor, women and peripheral people in Bangladesh Author: Rashed Khan Menon, Akter Sobhan Khan, Nazrul Islam Khan, Dwijen Mallick, Abu Taleb, Zaed-Al-Malum Publisher: Research Initiatives Bangladesh (RIB) Year of Publication: January 2009 Name of Community: Landless Citizens Theme: Land Rights/ Land Management Issue: Equality,
Property
Existing relevant laws, policies, documents, reports, books and articles were reviewed and analyzed to get a clear understanding and to examine the limitations of existing land laws in relation to the right and access of the poor, women, and peripheral people. It was found that the existing laws about khas land distribution are against the interest of the poor. Many literatures suggested reviving of Ordinance of 1972/73 regarding Khas land to ensure best protection of the rights of the poor. It has also been suggested to amend inheritance laws to ensure greater equity and social security of the women. Further, effective advocacy and lobbying is to be carried out for promoting equal rights, access into and control of land by the women.
67. Title: Poverty and health women working and Tanneries Author: Zobaida Nasreen, Salma Akhter Publisher: Research Initiatives Bangladesh (RIB) Year of Publication: October 2008 Name of Community: Working women Theme: Women’s rights Issue: Employment, Equality, Women’s Rights, Worker’s Rights
This study focuses on women’s participation in the leather industry and examines the health, environment, payment, workplace and other issues of the concerned women workers. A low wage market is one of the many dimensions of poverty. As a result of poverty, women are forced to participate in the low wage market alongside men. The research was based mostly on qualitative information. The methods employed in this study include observation, Focus Group Discussion, Interview and Case study. It was found that they have no sufficient land that they can cultivate and survive, they do not have capital to initiate business. In this circumstances, they initiate new endeavors utilizing the useless leather. It is stated that the women worker in tanneries are in transition.
68. Title: Gendered power and violence in the home: Issues for a feminist reform, PRPA research report# 093 Author: Nilufar Matin Publisher: Research Initiatives Bangladesh (RIB) Year of Publication: 2001 Name of Community: Women and Girls Theme: Women’s rights Issue: Access to Justice,
Discrimination (sex, race, religion, caste, place of birth),
Equality,
Fair Trial,
Speedy Trial,
Violence Against Women,
Women’s Rights
The study attempted to capture the nature of gendered power in the family and women’s responses to domestic violence. The study aims to examine women’s response and resistance to violence in an urban environment. It focuses to resources and perceptions on women’s rights impact upon achieving justice in the family and from formal justice forums. The study is based on case studies. Due to complexity of the legal system, majority of women can’t access into the justice when they become victimized of violence at home. The researcher recommended to enhance quality services.
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