Narrative Theory, Literature, and New Media Narrative Minds and Virtual Worlds

Edited by Mari Hatavara, Matti Hyvarinen, Maria Makela, and Frans Mayra

Routledge !i Taylor & Francis Croup

NEW YORK AND LONDON Contents

List of Figures and Tables

Introduction: Minds in Action, Interpretive Traditions in Interaction

MARI HATAVARA, MATTI HYVARINEN,

MARIA MAKELA, AND FRANS MAYRA

SECTION I

1 Texts, Worlds, Stories: Narrative Worlds as Cognitive and Ontological Concept

MARIE-LAURE RYAN

2 Storyvvorlds and Paradoxical Narration: Putting Classifications to a Transmedial Test

LIVIU LUTAS

3 The Charge against Classical and Post-Classical Narratologies' "Epistemic" Approach to Literary Fiction

GREGER ANDERSSON

SECTION II

4 How You Emerge from This Game Is up to You: Agency, Positioning, and Narrativity in The Mass Effect Trilogy

HANNA-RIIKKA ROINE

5 Playing the Worlds of Prom Week

BEN SAMUEL, DYLAN LEDERLE-ENSIGN, MIKE TREANOR,

NOAH WARDRIP-FRUIN, JOSH McCOY, AARON REED,

AND MICHAEL MATEAS 6 Scripting Beloved Discomfort: Narratives, Fantasies, and Authenticity in Online Sadomasochism 106

J. TUOMAS HARVIAINEN

7 Storyworld in Text-Messages: Sequentiality and Spatialisation 122

AGNIESZKA LYONS

SECTION III

8 Defending the Private and the Unnarratable: Doomed Attempts to Read and Write Literary and Cinematic Minds in Marguerite Duras's India Cycle 147

TYTTI RANTANEN

9 Of Minds and Monsters: The Eventfulness of Monstrosity and the Poetics of Immersion in Horror Literature 167

GERO BROMMER

10 Narrative Conventions in Hallucinatory Narratives 187

TOMMI KAKKO

11 Narrative and Minds in the Traditional Ballads of Early Country Music 205

ALAN PALMER

SECTION IV

12 Mind Reading, Mind Guessing, or Mental-State Attribution? The Puzzle of John Burnside's A Summer of Drowning 223

MATTI HYVAR1NEN

13 Mind as World in the Reality Game Show 240

MARIA MAKELA

14 Performing Selves and Audience Design: Interview Narratives on the Internet 256 JARMILA MILDORF 15 Documenting Everyday Life: Mind Representation in the Web Exhibition "A Finnish Winter Day" 278

MARI HATAVARA

Afterword: A New Normal? 295

BRIAN McHALE

List of Contributors 305 Index 307 List of Figures and Tables

FIGURES

1.1 The scope of storyworlds. 14 1.2 Story-prominent vs. world-prominent narratives. 23 1.3 A two-dimensional representation of Figure 1.2. 25 2.1 Noise in Sagan om Karl-Bertil Jonssons julafton. © PennFilm Studio 2014. 38

2.2 Sagan om Karl-Bertil Jonssons julafton. © PennFilm Studio 2014. 38 2.3 Le tableau. © Blue Spirit Animation / Be Films / Blue Spirit Studio / Sinematik / France 3 Cinema / Rezo Productions / RTBF (television beige) / 2011. 43 5.1 Prom Week. 88

5.2 Oswald taunting Doug for one of his past actions, namely walking Jordan home after school. Learning this backstory between Doug and Jordan may help inform the player's future playthroughs of the level. 90 5.3 A player has successfully gotten Oswald closer to achieving his romantic goals by flirting with Nicholas. 96 5.4 Play trace graph showing how often each distinct path through Simon's story was traversed (shown by the number associated with each node, emphasized with color). The large band of nodes seen at the top of the diagram represents approximately one third of the total size of the complete graph. The cutout shows a section of the map in detail including examples of social exchanges (like "pickup line" and "confide in") that appeared in more than one play trace. The majority of play traces are unique. 99 7.1 Event sequence in (1). 126 7.2 Event sequence in (2). 132 7.3 Connectors and counterparts in mental spaces. 134 7.4 Mental spaces in example (2). 136 13.1 Russell Hantz giving a confessional in the twelfth episode of Heroes vs. Villains. 243 13.2 giving the immunity idol to in the tenth episode of

Heroes vs. Villains. 251 13.3 Heroes , , , and Candice Woodcock expressing their disappointment due to Parvati Shallow's blindside in the tenth episode of Heroes vs. Villains. 252 15.1 Photograph 1. Lahti City Museum, Picture Archive. Foto Tiina Rekola. 282 15.2 Photograph 2. Lahti City Museum, Picture Archive. Foto Tiina Rekola. 283 15.3 Photograph 3. Lahti City Museum, Picture Archive. Foto Tiina Rekola. 283

TABLES

1.1 Evaluating narratives on three criteria. 26 2.1 Devices of paradoxical narration. 37 6.1 Typical, simplified narrative structure of

a sadomasochist session. Note that massive variance exists between sessions and individual players, and that individuals' internal narratives may deviate strongly from this template. 117 7.1 Narrative structure in (1). 127 7.2 Narrative structure in (2). 133 14.1 Excerpt 1: Interview with Rudy Autio. 264 14.2 Excerpt 2: Woman Caring for Her Partner. 267 14.3 Excerpt 3: Love Story. 270