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Family: Apocynaceae Taxon: Mandevilla boliviensis Synonym: Dipladenia boliviensis Hook. f. (basionym) Common Name: white dipladenia white mandevilla Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: EVALUATE Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 1 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 y 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 n 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 y 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 n 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 y Print Date: 8/6/2012 Mandevilla boliviensis (Apocynaceae) Page 1 of 7 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 n 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 y 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 n areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 y 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: EVALUATE WRA Score 1 Print Date: 8/6/2012 Mandevilla boliviensis (Apocynaceae) Page 2 of 7 Supporting Data: 101 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Synopsis of the Genus [Is the species highly domesticated? No evidence] Mandevilla (Apocynaceae) in Mexico and Central America. Brittonia. 50(2): 214-232. 101 2012. Missouri Botanical Garden. Mandevilla [Is the species highly domesticated? No evidence] boliviensis. http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens- gardening/your-garden/plant-finder/plant- details/kc/a526/mandevilla-boliviensis.aspx 102 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Synopsis of the Genus [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "Distribution.-Costa Mandevilla (Apocynaceae) in Mexico and Central Rica, Ecuador, and Bolivia, between 200 and 700 m." America. Brittonia. 50(2): 214-232. 202 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Synopsis of the Genus [Quality of climate match data 2-High] Mandevilla (Apocynaceae) in Mexico and Central America. Brittonia. 50(2): 214-232. 203 2012. Missouri Botanical Garden. Mandevilla [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? No] "Zone: 10 to 11" boliviensis. http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens- gardening/your-garden/plant-finder/plant- details/kc/a526/mandevilla-boliviensis.aspx 204 1933. Woodson, Jr., R.E.. Studies in the [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] Apocynaceae. IV. The American Genera of "Ecuador: Tungurahua: Rio Pastaza, between Bafios and Mera, alt. 4000 ft., Echitoideae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical 1924, Tate 669 (US). Bolivia exact locality and date lacking, Pearce 708 (K, Garden. 20(4): 605-790. TYPEM, BG, photograph and analytical drawings)." 204 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Synopsis of the Genus [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] Mandevilla (Apocynaceae) in Mexico and Central "Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Bolivia, between 200 and 700 m." … America. Brittonia. 50(2): 214-232. "Mandevilla boliviensis may be recognized by its epiphytic habit (in Mesoamerica), glabrous leaves with the cuneate base, reduced inflorescences, and white flowers with the tube usually more than 2.9 cm long. This is the only Mandevilla species of the South American Dipladenia complex present in Mesoamerica. The characters used by Woodson (1933, 1936) to separate M. pittieri and M. cereola from M. boliviensis are manifest in the types of all three names, as was explained by Morales (1995)." 205 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian range? Hawaiian Islands] "Two Mandevilla species less often seen in our gardens Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop have been tentatively identified." … "Mandevilla boliviensis…" Museum Press, Honolulu, HI 205 2012. Dave's Gardern. PlantFiles: Mandevilla, [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Dipladenia - Mandevilla splendens. range? Cultivated in Florida, Hawaii and throughout the continental U.S. (probably http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/1711/ as an indoor plant in colder climates] 301 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Naturalized beyond native range? No evidence] Weeds - Index. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 301 2012. Wagner, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Khan, N./Flynn, [Naturalized beyond native range? No evidence from the Hawaiian Islands to date] T.. Hawaiian Vascular Plant Updates: A Supplement to the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai`i & Hawai`i's Ferns & Fern Allies. http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawai ianflora/supplement.htm 302 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? No] No evidence Weeds - Index. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 303 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed? Weeds - Index. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 304 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Environmental weed? No] No evidence Weeds - Index. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 305 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Congeneric weed? M. laxa] Weeds - Mandevilla laxa. http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/mandevilla_laxa/ Print Date: 8/6/2012 Mandevilla boliviensis (Apocynaceae) Page 3 of 7 305 2010. Australian Association of Bush [Congeneric weed? Yes] M. laxa listed as a weed, but with no description of Regenerators. Bushland Weeds of the Blue impacts Mountains Region. http://www.aabr.org.au/index.php?option=com_co ntent&view=article&id=53:bushland-weeds-of-the- blue-mountains-region&catid=92:weed- lists&Itemid=75 305 2012. PlantNET. New South Wales flora online - [Congeneric weed? Possibly] "Mandevilla laxa" … " Grown in gardens and Mandevilla laxa (Ruiz & Pav.) Woodson. Royal naturalized in several areas," [No evidence of negative impacts] Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust,, Sydney http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi- bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Mandevil la~laxa 401 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Synopsis of the Genus [Produces spines, thorns or burrs? No evidence] "Epiphytic (in Mesoamerica) or Mandevilla (Apocynaceae) in Mexico and Central terrestrial vines; stems terete to subterete, glabrous. Leaf blades (3.5-)5-10 X 1.4- America. Brittonia. 50(2): 214-232. 4 cm, elliptic, narrowly elliptic to obovate, membranaceous, glabrous; apex acute to long-acuminate; base obtuse to cuneate; upper surface glandular at the base of the midrib, petioles 0.8-2 mm." 402 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. [Allelopathic? Unknown] 403 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Synopsis of the Genus [Parasitic? No] "Epiphytic (in Mesoamerica) or terrestrial vines…" Mandevilla (Apocynaceae) in Mexico and Central America. Brittonia. 50(2): 214-232. 404 2012. eHow. Are Mandevilla Flowers Toxic?. [Unpalatable to grazing animals? Unknown] "Restrict your pet's access to plants http://www.ehow.com/facts_7396220_mandevilla- to avoid accidental ingestion. Humans or animals that suffer from low-toxicity flowers-toxic_.html symptoms after ingestion of mandevilla flowers should see a doctor or veterinarian." [Milky sap and toxic properties may deter browsing] 405 2012.
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