DOCSLIB.ORG

Cahiers D'histoire Du Cnam

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Cahiers d’histoire du Cnam vol. 7-8 Dossier La recherche sur les systèmes : des pivots dans l’histoire de l’informatique – II/II Coordonné par Camille Paloque-Berges et Loïc Petitgirard 2017 / Second semestre (nouvelle série) Cahiers d’histoire du Cnam vol. 7-8 Dossier La recherche sur les systèmes : des pivots dans l’histoire de l’informatique – II/II Coordonné par Camille Paloque-Berges et Loïc Petitgirard 2017 / Second semestre (nouvelle série) Cahiers d’histoire du Cnam. Vol. 7-8, 2017 / 2 (nouvelle série). Dossier « La recherche sur les systèmes : des pivots dans l’histoire de l’informatique – II/II », coordonné par Camille Paloque-Berges et Loïc Petitgirard. Direction de la publication Olivier Faron, administrateur général du Conservatoire national des arts et métiers Rédacteur en chef Loïc Petitgirard Comité de rédaction Marco Bertilorenzi, Soraya Boudia, Jean-Claude Bouly, Serge Chambaud, Lise Cloitre, Renaud d’Enfert, Claudine Fontanon, Virginie Fonteneau, Clotilde Ferroud, André Grelon, Alain Michel, Cédric Neumann, Loïc Petitgirard, Catherine Radtka, Laurent Rollet, Raphaëlle Renard-Foultier, Ferrucio Ricciardi, Jean-Claude Ruano-Borbalan, Henri Zimnovitch Comité de lecture du numéro Isabelle Astic, Michel Élie, Gérard Florin, Sacha Krakowiak, Sylvain Lenfle, Baptiste Mélès, Pierre-Éric Mounier-Kuhn, Philippe Picard, Benoit Sarazin, Valérie Schafer, Benjamin Thierry Un comité de lecture ad hoc est constitué à chaque numéro. La liste complète des lecteurs est publiée sur la page Web de la revue : http://technique-societe.cnam.fr/les-cahiers-d-histoire-du-cnam-696687.kjsp Secrétariat de rédaction Camille Paloque-Berges, assistée de Sofia Foughali Laboratoire HT2S-Cnam, Case 1LAB10, 2 rue Conté, 75 003 Paris Téléphone : 0033 (0)1 40 27 22 74 Mél : camille. [email protected] sofia. [email protected] Maquettage Françoise Derenne, sur un gabarit original créé par la Direction de la Communication du Cnam Impression Service de la reprographie du Cnam Crédits, mentions juridiques et dépôt légal : ©Cnam ISSN 1240-2745 Illustrations photographiques : Archives du Cnam ou tous droits réservés Fondateurs (première série, 1992) Claudine Fontanon, André Grelon Ce double volume a été réalisé grâce au soutien du Laboratoire d'Excellence HASTEC Les 5 premiers numéros de l’ancienne série (1992-1996) sont disponibles intégralement sur le site Web du Conservatoire numérique du Cnam : http://cnum.cnam.fr Sommaire Dossier La recherche sur les systèmes : des pivots dans l’histoire de l’informatique – II/II ........................... 7 Introduction au second volume Éléments d’histoire des systèmes d’exploitation des années 1960 aux années 1990 Camille Paloque-Berges et Loïc Petitgirard .................................. 9 Qu'est-ce qu'un système d'exploitation ? Une approche historique Marteen Bullynck ........................................................................ 19 La Saga des machines-langage et -système François Anceau ......................................................................... 41 Émergence des systèmes d’exploitation comme discipline Claude Kaiser ............................................................................. 53 The History of Unix in the History of Software Thomas Haigh ............................................................................. 77 Unix : construire un environnement de développement de A à Z Warren Toomey. 91 Unix: A View from the Field as We Played the Game Clement T. Cole ........................................................................... 111 La conversion à Unix Un exemple de prophétisme informatique ? Laurent Bloch .............................................................................. 129 Unix vu de province : 1982-1992 Jacques Talbot ............................................................................ 145 Unix et les systèmes ouverts dans Bull, avant l’Internet Michel Élie et Philippe Picard ....................................................... 163 Dossier La recherche sur les systèmes : des pivots dans l’histoire de l’informatique – II/II Coordonné par Camille Paloque-Berges et Loïc Petitgirard 9 Introduction Éléments d’histoire des systèmes d’exploitation des années 1960 aux années 1990 Camille Paloque-Berges HT2S, Cnam. Loïc Petitgirard HT2S, Cnam. Ce deuxième volume du double information-communication, informa- numéro consacré à la recherche sur les tique) pour réfléchir à la formation et à systèmes comme pivots dans l’histoire la légitimation institutionnelle de la disci- de l’informatique est le fruit de réflexions pline informatique ainsi qu’à la documen- développées lors de deux colloques orga- tation de son histoire. Ce numéro élargit nisés conjointement : par l’équipe du la perspective après une première focali- séminaire « Histoire de l’informatique et sation sur le cas du Conservatoire national du numérique » qui se déroule au Musée des arts et métiers. Ces travaux ont illus- des arts et métiers depuis de nombreuses tré la montée en recherche, à partir des années, avec pour focalisation les objets, années 1970, d’acteurs de l’informatique les périodes, et les lieux institutionnels au Cnam ayant accompagné le projet et industriels de l’histoire de l’informa- scientifique de la création du laboratoire tique, en particulier en France, et à partir le Centre d’Études et de Recherches en du point de vue privilégié des acteurs Informatique du Cnam (Cédric) à la fin techniques de cette histoire ; et par celle des années 19801. du programme « Hist.Pat.info.Cnam », qui a regroupé entre 2014 et 2017 sous L’histoire des systèmes d’exploi- l’égide du LabEx Histoire, Anthropologie tation est à la fois une problématique des Savoirs, Techniques et Croyances déjà posée et un terrain en friche au sein (HASTEC) des chercheurs interdiscipli- naires de plusieurs laboratoires (histoire, 1 Voir le premier volume de ce double numéro. de l’historiographie de l’informatique. sur ce moment de transition, il propose Celle-ci ne limite pas ses réflexions à également une réflexion sur l’évolution l’histoire des machines mais s’intéresse de la notion et celle du domaine des à l’évolution des concepts, processus systèmes en informatique en général. et applications logicielles ainsi qu’aux Par exemple, les systèmes de bases de pratiques, manières de faire, circula- données étaient, à leurs débuts, souvent tion et diffusion des savoirs vers les considérés comme des éléments des usages. Cette histoire se penche sur les systèmes d’exploitation, avant d’être logiciels (software), dont l’importance définitivement placés dans la catégorie est croissante depuis quinze ans pour « applications », catégorie à part entière. les historiens dès lors qu’ils sont plei- nement considérés comme un artefact Durant les deux décennies pré- non seulement technique, mais aussi in- cédentes, la recherche sur les grands dustriel, commercial, voire culturel, re- systèmes a fait émerger d’abord des posant sur des efforts de développement « systèmes de contrôle », avec une considérables (Hashagen, 2002 ; Camp- grande variété d’implémentations chez bell-Kelly, 2003). En ce sens, toute la les constructeurs. Le texte de M. Bul- problématique du logiciel, de l’organi- lynck propose une synthèse de ces sation des communautés de pratiques développements sur la période 1954- jusqu’à la question de la brevetabilité du 1964, qui préparent les systèmes ulté- logiciel, traverse l’histoire des systèmes rieurs, leur dissémination et ce qui d’exploitation. bientôt s’appellera operating systems. De manière complémentaire, C. Kaiser, Mais l’histoire des systèmes ne ancien professeur titulaire de la chaire saurait se dissoudre dans l’histoire gé- « Informatique-programmation » au nérale du logiciel, en ceci qu’elle suit Cnam2, offre le point de vue d’un acteur une dynamique qui lui est propre. De de cette histoire des systèmes, et montre fait, le système d’exploitation est un dans son texte le contexte technique, artefact central de la machine qui orga- industriel et académique dans lequel la nise et distribue les processus, alloue un question des systèmes d’exploitation temps et un espace à l’utilisateur pour devient une discipline à part entière à la ses opérations, assure l’interface entre fin des années 1960. l’humain et la machine. Les années 1970 sont une décennie d’accélération dans la Tirant parti des expériences des recherche et le développement de sys- années 1960, les mini-ordinateurs seront tèmes d’exploitation, transition entre les grands systèmes et mini-ordinateurs, 2 Claude Kaiser est un personnage central de l’histoire d’usages industriel et scientifique, et la racontée dans le premier volume de ce double numéro, auquel nous renvoyons, ainsi qu’à un entretien publié micro-informatique, d’usage général. Si dans la revue TSI (Neumann, Petitgirard, Paloque- ce numéro se concentre essentiellement Berges, 2016). 10 11 associés aux systèmes dits répartis, qui systèmes » intégrant des mécanismes de permettent de gérer des processus multi- systèmes dans leur matériel. utilisateurs en temps réel. L’ordinateur n’est plus un grand système qui n’est L’histoire des systèmes d’exploita- manipulable que par des utilisateurs très tion se matérialise dans les espaces de la spécialisés, les opérateurs, mais ras- recherche en informatique dans les labo- semble autour de lui une équipe de spé- ratoires scientifiques des universités et cialistes aux compétences diversifiées. des entreprises. Au-delà de ses espaces Dans les années 1970, les laboratoires de conception et de développement, le de R&D
Recommended publications
  • Kathleen Fisher Question: Interesting Answer in Algol

    Kathleen Fisher Question: Interesting Answer in Algol

    10/21/08 cs242! Lisp! Algol 60! Algol 68! Pascal! Kathleen Fisher! ML! Modula! Reading: “Concepts in Programming Languages” Chapter 5 except 5.4.5! Haskell! “Real World Haskell”, Chapter 0 and Chapter 1! (http://book.realworldhaskell.org/)! Many other languages:! Algol 58, Algol W, Euclid, EL1, Mesa (PARC), …! Thanks to John Mitchell and Simon Peyton Jones for some of these slides. ! Modula-2, Oberon, Modula-3 (DEC)! Basic Language of 1960! Simple imperative language + functions! Successful syntax, BNF -- used by many successors! real procedure average(A,n); statement oriented! real array A; integer n; No array bounds.! begin … end blocks (like C { … } )! begin if … then … else ! real sum; sum := 0; Recursive functions and stack storage allocation! for i = 1 step 1 until n Fewer ad hoc restrictions than Fortran! do General array references: A[ x + B[3] * y ] sum := sum + A[i]; Type discipline was improved by later languages! average := sum/n No “;” here.! Very influential but not widely used in US! end; Tony Hoare: “Here is a language so far ahead of its time that it was not only an improvement on its predecessors Set procedure return value by assignment.! but also on nearly all of its successors.”! Question:! Holes in type discipline! Is x := x equivalent to doing nothing?! Parameter types can be arrays, but! No array bounds! Interesting answer in Algol:! Parameter types can be procedures, but! No argument or return types for procedure parameters! integer procedure p; begin Problems with parameter passing mechanisms!
  • Thomas Ströhlein's Endgame Tables: a 50Th Anniversary

    Thomas Ströhlein's Endgame Tables: a 50Th Anniversary

    Thomas Ströhlein's Endgame Tables: a 50th Anniversary Article Supplemental Material The Festschrift on the 40th Anniversary of the Munich Faculty of Informatics Haworth, G. (2020) Thomas Ströhlein's Endgame Tables: a 50th Anniversary. ICGA Journal, 42 (2-3). pp. 165-170. ISSN 1389-6911 doi: https://doi.org/10.3233/ICG-200151 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/90000/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . Published version at: https://content.iospress.com/articles/icga-journal/icg200151 To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ICG-200151 Publisher: The International Computer Games Association All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online 40 Jahre Informatik in Munchen:¨ 1967 – 2007 Festschrift Herausgegeben von Friedrich L. Bauer unter Mitwirkung von Helmut Angstl, Uwe Baumgarten, Rudolf Bayer, Hedwig Berghofer, Arndt Bode, Wilfried Brauer, Stephan Braun, Manfred Broy, Roland Bulirsch, Hans-Joachim Bungartz, Herbert Ehler, Jurgen¨ Eickel, Ursula Eschbach, Anton Gerold, Rupert Gnatz, Ulrich Guntzer,¨ Hellmuth Haag, Winfried Hahn (†), Heinz-Gerd Hegering, Ursula Hill-Samelson, Peter Hubwieser, Eike Jessen, Fred Kroger,¨ Hans Kuß, Klaus Lagally, Hans Langmaack, Heinrich Mayer, Ernst Mayr, Gerhard Muller,¨ Heinrich Noth,¨ Manfred Paul, Ulrich Peters, Hartmut Petzold, Walter Proebster, Bernd Radig, Angelika Reiser, Werner Rub,¨ Gerd Sapper, Gunther Schmidt, Fred B.
  • Edsger Dijkstra: the Man Who Carried Computer Science on His Shoulders

    Edsger Dijkstra: the Man Who Carried Computer Science on His Shoulders

    INFERENCE / Vol. 5, No. 3 Edsger Dijkstra The Man Who Carried Computer Science on His Shoulders Krzysztof Apt s it turned out, the train I had taken from dsger dijkstra was born in Rotterdam in 1930. Nijmegen to Eindhoven arrived late. To make He described his father, at one time the president matters worse, I was then unable to find the right of the Dutch Chemical Society, as “an excellent Aoffice in the university building. When I eventually arrived Echemist,” and his mother as “a brilliant mathematician for my appointment, I was more than half an hour behind who had no job.”1 In 1948, Dijkstra achieved remarkable schedule. The professor completely ignored my profuse results when he completed secondary school at the famous apologies and proceeded to take a full hour for the meet- Erasmiaans Gymnasium in Rotterdam. His school diploma ing. It was the first time I met Edsger Wybe Dijkstra. shows that he earned the highest possible grade in no less At the time of our meeting in 1975, Dijkstra was 45 than six out of thirteen subjects. He then enrolled at the years old. The most prestigious award in computer sci- University of Leiden to study physics. ence, the ACM Turing Award, had been conferred on In September 1951, Dijkstra’s father suggested he attend him three years earlier. Almost twenty years his junior, I a three-week course on programming in Cambridge. It knew very little about the field—I had only learned what turned out to be an idea with far-reaching consequences. a flowchart was a couple of weeks earlier.
  • A Politico-Social History of Algolt (With a Chronology in the Form of a Log Book)

    A Politico-Social History of Algolt (With a Chronology in the Form of a Log Book)

    A Politico-Social History of Algolt (With a Chronology in the Form of a Log Book) R. w. BEMER Introduction This is an admittedly fragmentary chronicle of events in the develop­ ment of the algorithmic language ALGOL. Nevertheless, it seems perti­ nent, while we await the advent of a technical and conceptual history, to outline the matrix of forces which shaped that history in a political and social sense. Perhaps the author's role is only that of recorder of visible events, rather than the complex interplay of ideas which have made ALGOL the force it is in the computational world. It is true, as Professor Ershov stated in his review of a draft of the present work, that "the reading of this history, rich in curious details, nevertheless does not enable the beginner to understand why ALGOL, with a history that would seem more disappointing than triumphant, changed the face of current programming". I can only state that the time scale and my own lesser competence do not allow the tracing of conceptual development in requisite detail. Books are sure to follow in this area, particularly one by Knuth. A further defect in the present work is the relatively lesser availability of European input to the log, although I could claim better access than many in the U.S.A. This is regrettable in view of the relatively stronger support given to ALGOL in Europe. Perhaps this calmer acceptance had the effect of reducing the number of significant entries for a log such as this. Following a brief view of the pattern of events come the entries of the chronology, or log, numbered for reference in the text.
  • The Advent of Recursion & Logic in Computer Science

    The Advent of Recursion & Logic in Computer Science

    The Advent of Recursion & Logic in Computer Science MSc Thesis (Afstudeerscriptie) written by Karel Van Oudheusden –alias Edgar G. Daylight (born October 21st, 1977 in Antwerpen, Belgium) under the supervision of Dr Gerard Alberts, and submitted to the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MSc in Logic at the Universiteit van Amsterdam. Date of the public defense: Members of the Thesis Committee: November 17, 2009 Dr Gerard Alberts Prof Dr Krzysztof Apt Prof Dr Dick de Jongh Prof Dr Benedikt Löwe Dr Elizabeth de Mol Dr Leen Torenvliet 1 “We are reaching the stage of development where each new gener- ation of participants is unaware both of their overall technological ancestry and the history of the development of their speciality, and have no past to build upon.” J.A.N. Lee in 1996 [73, p.54] “To many of our colleagues, history is only the study of an irrele- vant past, with no redeeming modern value –a subject without useful scholarship.” J.A.N. Lee [73, p.55] “[E]ven when we can't know the answers, it is important to see the questions. They too form part of our understanding. If you cannot answer them now, you can alert future historians to them.” M.S. Mahoney [76, p.832] “Only do what only you can do.” E.W. Dijkstra [103, p.9] 2 Abstract The history of computer science can be viewed from a number of disciplinary perspectives, ranging from electrical engineering to linguistics. As stressed by the historian Michael Mahoney, different `communities of computing' had their own views towards what could be accomplished with a programmable comput- ing machine.
  • Internet Engineering Jan Nikodem, Ph.D. Software Engineering

    Internet Engineering Jan Nikodem, Ph.D. Software Engineering

    Internet Engineering Jan Nikodem, Ph.D. Software Engineering Theengineering paradigm Software Engineering Lecture 3 The term "software crisis" was coined at the first NATO Software Engineering Conference in 1968 by: Friedrich. L. Bauer Nationality;German, mathematician, theoretical physicist, Technical University of Munich Friedrich L. Bauer 1924 3/24 The term "software crisis" was coined at the first NATO Software Engineering Conference in 1968 by: Peter Naur Nationality;Dutch, astronomer, Regnecentralen, Niels Bohr Institute, Technical University of Denmark, University of Copenhagen. Peter Naur 1928 4/24 Whatshouldbe ourresponse to software crisis which provided with too little quality, too late deliver and over budget? Nationality;Dutch, astronomer, Regnecentralen, Niels Bohr Institute, Technical University of Denmark, University of Copenhagen. Peter Naur 1928 5/24 Software should following an engineering paradigm NATO conference in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 1968 Peter Naur 1928 6/24 The hope is that the progress in hardware will cure all software ills. The Oberon System User Guide and Programmer's Manual. ACM Press Nationality;Swiss, electrical engineer, computer scientist ETH Zürich, IBM Zürich Research Laboratory, Institute for Media Communications Martin Reiser 7/24 However, a critical observer may notethat software manages to outgrow hardware in size and sluggishness. The Oberon System User Guide and Programmer's Manual. ACM Press Nationality;Swiss, electrical engineer, computer scientist ETH Zürich, IBM Zürich Research Laboratory, Institute for Media Communications Martin Reiser 8/24 Wirth's computing adage Software is getting slower more rapidly than hardware becomes faster. Nationality;Swiss, electronic engineer, computer scientist ETH Zürich, University of California, Berkeley, Stanford University University of Zurich. Xerox PARC.
  • Computer Conservation Society

    Computer Conservation Society

    Computer Conservation Society Aims and objectives The Computer Conservation Society (CCS) is a co-operative venture between the British Computer Society, the Science Museum of London and the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester. The CCS was constituted in September 1989 as a Specialist Group of the British Computer Society (BCS). It is thus covered by the Royal Charter and charitable status of the BCS. The aims of the CCS are to Promote the conservation of historic computers and to identify existing computers which may need to be archived in the future Develop awareness of the importance of historic computers Encourage research on historic computers and their impact on society Membership is open to anyone interested in computer conservation and the history of computing. The CCS is funded and supported by voluntary subscriptions from members, a grant from the BCS, fees from corporate membership, do- nations, and by the free use of Science Museum facilities. Some charges may be made for publications and attendance at seminars and conferences. There are a number of active Working Parties on specific computer restorations and early computer technologies and software. Younger peo- ple are especially encouraged to take part in order to achieve skills transfer. Resurrection The Bulletin of the Computer Conservation Society ISSN 0958 - 7403 Number 30 Spring 2003 Contents Generous BCS Support for Bombe Rebuild Project Ernest Morris, Chairman 2 AGM 2 News Round-Up 3 Society Activity 6 CCS Collection Policy 11 DAP snippets Brian M Russell 12 CCS Web Site Information 12 British Computer Corporation | a 1956 Venture Hugh McGregor Ross 13 Edsger Dijkstra remembered Brian Shearing 22 Deciphering Ancient Floppy Discs Kevin Murrell 26 The ICL Archive Hamish Carmichael 28 Forthcoming Events 31 Generous BCS Support for Bombe Rebuild Project Ernest Morris, Chairman CCS members will be familiar with the good progress of the Bombe re- build from the regular reports in Resurrection by John Harper, the project manager.
  • Early Life: 1924–1945

    Early Life: 1924–1945

    An interview with FRITZ BAUER Conducted by Ulf Hashagen on 21 and 26 July, 2004, at the Technische Universität München. Interview conducted by the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, as part of grant # DE-FG02-01ER25547 awarded by the US Department of Energy. Transcript and original tapes donated to the Computer History Museum by the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics © Computer History Museum Mountain View, California ABSTRACT: Professor Friedrich L. Bauer describes his career in physics, computing, and numerical analysis. Professor Bauer was born in Thaldorf, Germany near Kelheim. After his schooling in Thaldorf and Pfarrkirchen, he received his baccalaureate at the Albertinium, a boarding school in Munich. He then faced the draft into the German Army, serving first in the German labor service. After training in France and a deployment to the Eastern Front in Kursk, he was sent to officer's school. His reserve unit was captured in the Ruhr Valley in 1945 during the American advance. He returned to Pfarrkirchen in September 1945 and in spring of 1946 enrolled in mathematics and physics at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitäat, München. He studied mathematics with Oscar Perron and Heinrich Tietze and physics with Arnold Sommerfeld and Paul August Mann. He was offered a full assistantship with Fritz Bopp and finished his Ph.D. in 1951 writing on group representations in particle physics. He then joined a group in Munich led by a professor of mathematics Robert Sauer and the electrical engineer Hans Piloty, working with a colleague Klaus Samelson on the design of the PERM, a computer based in part on the Whirlwind concept.
  • CS 4414 — Introduction

    CS 4414 — Introduction

    CS 4414 — introduction 1 Changelog Changes made in this version not seen in first lecture: 27 Aug 2019: remove mention of department login server being alternative for xv6, though it may be useful for other assignments 1 course webpage https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~cr4bd/4414/F2019/ linked off Collab 2 homeworks there will be programming assignments …mostly in C or C++ possibly one assignment in Python one or two weeks if two weeks “checkpoint” submission after first week two week assignments worth more schedule is aggressive… 3 xv6 some assignments will use xv6, a teaching operating system simplified OS based on an old Unix version built by some people at MIT theoretically actually boots on real 32-bit x86 hardware …and supports multicore! (but we’ll run it only single-core, in an emulator) 4 quizzes there will be online quizzes after each week of lecture …starting this week (due next Tuesday) same interface as CS 3330, but no time limit (haven’t seen it? we’ll talk more on Thursday) quizzes are open notes, open book, open Internet 5 exams midterm and final let us know soon if you can’t make the midterm 6 textbook recommended textbook: Operating Systems: Principles and Practice no required textbook alternative: Operating Systems: Three Easy Pieces (free PDFs!) some topics we’ll cover where this may be primary textbook alternative: Silberchartz (used in previous semesters) full version: Operating System Concepts, Ninth Edition 7 cheating: homeworks don’t homeworks are individual no code from prior semesters no sharing code, pesudocode, detailed descriptions of code no code from Internet/etc., with limited exceptions tiny things solving problems that aren’t point of assignment …credited where used in your code e.g.
  • W4118 Operating Systems Logistics

    W4118 Operating Systems Logistics

    W4118 Operating Systems I Junfeng Yang References: Modern Operating Systems (3rd edition), Operating Systems Concepts (8th edition), previous W4118, and OS at MIT, Stanford, and UWisc Bad News This is a TOUGH course . “Most difficult” rated by CS alumni Unfamiliar low-level systems programming . C and Assembly . No abstraction, close to hardware Intense . “Should be 6 units instead of 3” … . Most of those struggling in CS lounge or CLIC lab late or possibly overnight were OS students And you have to climb up N floors for lecture! . Or wait 10 minutes for elevator … Good News Not interested in learning OS or low-level systems programming? Don’t have to take this course! . New MS Breadth requirement . Waive if you have taken a similar course More Good News Heavy, but totally worth it . “Most useful after graduating” rated by alumni Works hard good grade We’ll do our best to help you Climbing up N floors is good exercise! Why Study OS? OS = arguably the most fundamental software . We do almost everything with computers through OS By studying OS, you will . Gain a good understanding of OS . Gain a good understanding of the big picture • How do hardware, programming language, compiler, algorithms, OS work together? . Learn some portable tricks Possibly . Land a job at Facebook/Google/Microsoft/VMware/… . Get started in systems research . Apply OS ideas to your research area . … What Will We Learn? OS concepts . What does an OS do? • Abstract hardware: processes, threads, files • Manage resources: CPU scheduling, memory management, file systems OS implementation techniques . How does an OS implement X in general? .
  • Boolean Matrix in the Matrix Equation (19)

    Boolean Matrix in the Matrix Equation (19)

    General Disclaimer One or more of the Following Statements may affect this Document This document has been reproduced from the best copy furnished by the organizational source. It is being released in the interest of making available as much information as possible. This document may contain data, which exceeds the sheet parameters. It was furnished in this condition by the organizational source and is the best copy available. This document may contain tone-on-tone or color graphs, charts and/or pictures, which have been reproduced in black and white. This document is paginated as submitted by the original source. Portions of this document are not fully legible due to the historical nature of some of the material. However, it is the best reproduction available from the original submission. Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) C f I l 1 ^o } Technical Report 69-86 March 1969 Design Automation by the Computer Design Language by Yaohan Cho Professor fr N he computer time used was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant NsO 398 to the Computer Science Center of the University of Maryland. /i Abstract A Computer Design Language (CDL) has been developed for facilitating design automation of digital computers. When the functional organizatl.on and sequential operation of a digital computer are conceived and specified by the CDL, this d CDL description is called a Macro design. The macro design is highly descriptive in computer elements. it describes precisely and concisely what the computer is expected to do functionally step by step.
  • Publiek Domein Laat Bedrijven Te Veel Invullen

    Publiek Domein Laat Bedrijven Te Veel Invullen

    Steven Pemberton, software-uitvinder en bouwer aan het World wide web Publiek domein laat bedrijven te veel invullen De Brit Steven Pemberton is al sinds 1982 verbonden aan het Centrum voor Wiskunde Informatica (CWI) in Amsterdam. Ook hij is een aartsvader van het internet. Specifiek van het World wide web, waarvan hij destijds dicht bij de uitvinding zat. Steven blijft naar de toekomst kijken, nog met dezelfde fraaie idealen. C.V. 19 februari 1953 geboren te Ash, Surrey, Engeland 1972-1975 Programmeur Research Support Unit Sussex University 1975-1977 Research Programmer Manchester University 1977-1982 Docent Computerwetenschap Brighton University 1982-heden Onderzoeker aan het Centrum voor Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) Verder: 1993–1999 Hoofdredacteur SIGCHI Bulletin en ACM Interactions 1999–2009 Voorzitter HTML en XHTML2 werkgroepen van W3C 2008-heden Voorzitter XForms werkgroep W3C The Internet Guide to Amsterdam Homepage bij het CWI Op Wikipedia 1 Foto’s: Frank Groeliken Tekst: Peter Olsthoorn Steven Pemberton laat zich thuis interviewen, op een typisch Amsterdamse plek aan de Bloemgracht, op de 6e etage van een pakhuis uit 1625 met uitzicht op de Westertoren. Hij schrijft aan een boek, een voortzetting van zijn jaarlijkse lezing in Pakhuis de Zwijger, met in 2011 The Computer as Extended Phenotype (Computers, Genes and You) als titel. Wat is je thema? “De invloed van hard- en software op de maatschappij, vanuit de nieuwe technologie bezien. ‘Fenotype’ gaat over computers als product van onze genen, als een onderdeel van de evolutie. Je kunt de aanwas van succesvolle genen zien als een vorm van leren, of een vorm van geheugen.