Daniele Comboni E Adalberto Da Postioma

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Daniele Comboni E Adalberto Da Postioma DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS POLÍTICAS E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS A Concepção da África no Pensamento Católico Moderno: Daniele Comboni e Adalberto da Postioma. Laura António Nhaueleque Dissertação submetida como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estudos Africanos Orientador: Doutor Luca Bussotti, Investigador Auxiliar Centro de Estudos Internacionais – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Co-orientador: Doutor Ulrich Schiefer, Professor Auxiliar ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Junho, 2013 DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS POLÍTICAS E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS A Concepção da África no Pensamento Católico Moderno: Daniele Comboni e Adalberto da Postioma. Laura António Nhaueleque Dissertação submetida como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estudos Africanos Orientador: Doutor Luca Bussotti, Investigador Auxiliar Centro de Estudos Internacionais - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Co-orientador: Doutor Ulrich Schiefer, Professor Auxiliar ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Junho, 2013 Agradecimento Ao meu orientador professor doutor Luca Bussotti pelas suas correcções e opiniões e sugestões que me deu, e ao meu co-orientador professor doutor Ulrich Schiefer pelos seus pareceres: ambos contribuíram enormemente para a elaboração deste trabalho. A estes senhores, vai o meu sincero e verdadeiro agradecimento. Ao IPAD: Instituto Português para Apoio ao Desenvolvimento, que custeou os meus estudos. Aos meus pais (António Nhaueleque Napuia e Teresa José André Chequela) e toda a família em geral que ajudaram-me moralmente, à minha filha Lu que de forma indirecta incentivou-me, o meu enorme agradecimento. Aos meus queridos professores do ISCTE- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa do Curso de Mestrado em Estudos Africanos na 21ª edição, pelos conhecimentos de vários âmbitos que me proporcionaram aqui vai o meu muito obrigado. Agradeço ainda aos padres Missionários Combonianos de Lisboa que de uma forma aberta, disponibilizaram as obras do seu fundador Daniele Comboni, um dos objectos deste trabalho. O mesmo vale para os Padres missionários capuchinhos por me terem enviado alguns escritos de Adalberto da Postioma em análise neste trabalho. Mais uma vez a estas duas congregações vai o meu muito obrigado. Aos amigos e em particular a dona Ana Luísa (a quem considero familiar), que nos momentos de muita e profunda dor, solidão e tristeza deu-me o seu carinho, acolhimento, força e calor humano, a ela e sua família o meu sincero agradecimento. E a todos que de forma directa e indirectamente apoiaram-me e contribuíram para que este trabalho acontecesse. Por fim aos meus inimigos que fiquem na paz e no amor de Deus Pai. i Dedicatória A minha filha Lucia A. Napuaia ii Resumo O trabalho pretende mostrar de forma crítica a evolução da concepção sobre África por parte da Igreja católica ao longo dos séculos XIX e XX, através da análise do pensamento dos seus dois maiores expoentes nesse âmbito: Daniele Comboni e Adalberto da Postioma. Daniele Comboni viveu na segunda metade do século XIX. Depois de ter enfrentado várias dificuldades, conseguiu fazer com que a Igreja Católica assumisse o continente africano como um dos seus alvos privilegiados. No entanto, o pensamento do missionário Comboni revela, em várias das suas partes, uma postura bastante etnocêntrica e ―civilizadora‖, isto é, ―regeneradora‖, que tem constituído um dos marcos fundamentais do pensamento católico sobre África durante muito tempo. Por seu turno Postioma, ainda vivente, encara o pensamento e a cultura dos povos africanos na perspectiva católica, mas com uma óptica positiva, valorizando os conhecimentos diferentes dos típicos da visão euro-cristã. Ele pauta por uma integração da cultura africana com a cristã católica, em concordância com a nova visão da Igreja patente no Concílio Vaticano II. A postura dos dois padres africanistas foi diferente: Comboni fundou os atuais missionários combonianos e combonianas do Sagrado Coração de Jesus, uma das ordens mais importantes dentro da Igreja e foi nomeado primeiro Bispo e Vigário da África Central. Em contrapartida Postioma, apesar das inúmeras e significativas obras publicadas e de ter assumido o cargo de prefeito do Seminário de Luanda, ficou quase completamente esquecido pela própria Igreja, vivendo os seus últimos dias isolado num mosteiro dos capuchos (sua ordem) na Itália, na região do Veneto. Palavras-chave: Comboni, Postioma, Pensamento Católica, África iii Abstract This work aims at showing, according to a critical perspective, the evolution of the conception on Africa from the side of Catholic Church. It is made basically through the analysis of the thought of two of its main representatives in this field: Comboni and Postioma. Comboni lived during the second part of the XIX century. After various difficulties, he was able to transmit to the Church the idea that Africa had to be one of its main objectives. The thought of the missionary Comboni reveals, in many of its parts, a quite ―ethnocentric‖ and civilising propensity, that is, ―regenerator‖, which, for a long time, constituted one of the principal mark of the Catholic thought about Africa. In turn, Postioma, who is still alive, sees the African thought and culture inside the Catholicism as being different but positive realities in comparison with the Euro-Christian one. He strives for an integration of African with the Catholic culture, in accordance with the new vision of the Church, as it emerged in the Vatican Council II. The approach of the two Africanist clerics was different: Comboni founded the current combonian missionaries of Sacred Heart of Jesus, one of the most important orders of the Church; he was named Bishop and Vicar of Central Africa. On the other hand, Postioma, although his many and meaningful works edited and although he had assumed the charge of prefect at the Luanda Seminar, has been almost completely neglected by the same Church, living his last days isolated in a monastery of the Capuchin (his religious order) in Italy, in the Veneto region. Key-words: Comboni, Postioma, Catholic Thought, Africa iv Índice Agradecimento .......................................................................................................................... i Dedicatória ............................................................................................................................... ii Resumo .................................................................................................................................... iii Abstract ................................................................................................................................... iv INTRODUÇÃO........................................................................................................................ 1 CAPÍTULO 1: A QUESTÃO AFRICANA NA IGREJA CATÓLICA: BREVE QUADRO HISTÓRICO ............................................................................................................................. 6 1.1. África no Pensamento da Igreja Católica .......................................................................... 6 1.2. Papa Gregório XVI e o Novo Impulso Missionário .......................................................... 9 1.3. Papa Bento XV e o Mundo em Transformação .............................................................. 11 1.4. O Concílio Vaticano II e a nova visão da Igreja Católica sobre África……………… 13 CAPÍTULO 2: O PENSAMENTO AFRICANISTA DE DANIELE COMBONI ................ 19 2.1. Elaboração do Plano para a Regeneração de África ........................................................ 19 2. 2. O Pensamento Comboniano e as Religiões não Cristãs ................................................. 21 2. 3. Conceito de África no Pensamento de Comboni............................................................ 22 2. 4. Análise do Plano de Regeneração da África de Comboni.............................................. 24 CAPÍTULO 3: O PENSAMENTO AFRICANISTA DE ADALBERTO DA POSTIOMA . 30 3.1. Primeira Fase do Pensamento de Adalberto da Postioma sobre as Relações entre a Igreja Católica e África e as suas Inquietações no Período de Transição ... 30 3. 2. A Maturidade do Pensamento de Postioma: Rumo a uma Nova Concepção nas Relações do Catolicismo com África ..................................................................................... 34 3. 3. A Concepção Teológica e Ontológica Africana em Adalberto da Postioma ................. 36 3. 4. As Concepções Antropológica e Ética Africanas em Adalberto da Postioma ............... 38 3. 5. A Concepção Sociológica Africana em Adalberto da Postioma .................................... 40 3. 6. A Concepção Política Africana em Adalberto da Postioma........................................... 40 CONCLUSÕES ...................................................................................................................... 43 BIBLIOGRAFIA .................................................................................................................... 47 v INTRODUÇÃO O objectivo principal desse trabalho é perceber como a Igreja Católica, mediante dois dos seus mais representativos expoentes missionários, Daniele Comboni e Adalberto da Postioma, lidou com a ―questão africana‖ ao longo dos séculos XIX e XX. Ao fazer isso, procura-se esclarecer os diferentes posicionamentos dos dois autores aqui analisados, em constante relação com o contexto cultural, sociológico e teológico das duas épocas em que eles viveram. Ao mesmo tempo, desenvolveremos uma reflexão crítica em volta
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