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The History of Winchcombe Abbey

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The History of Winchcombe Abbey Durham E-Theses The history of Winchcombe Abbey Haigh, Gordon Thomas How to cite: Haigh, Gordon Thomas (1944) The history of Winchcombe Abbey, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9650/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk HISTORY OF WINCHCOMBE ABBEY A THESIS submitted by to the UKIVEKSITY GP DURHAM for the Degree of MASSES OF CONTENTS • • ). List of Abbreviations VI Introduction 1 Chapter One. 6 King Kenulf commences to build the Abbey, 798* dedicated, 811. Foundation Quarter. Endowments for 300 monks. rAbbot' Livingus ? Kenelm legend. Chapter Two. 15 Universal collapse of religious life. Abbey re- founded c.972. Abbot Germanus from Fleury. Monks ejected from the Abbey5 c.975; restored c,983. Abbot Godwine, 1044. Monastery in hands of the Bishop. Abbot Godrio, 1054; deposed and imprisoned c.1072. Abbey in charge of the Abbot of Evesham. Chapter Three. 35 Prior Aldwin leads mission to North of England, 1073- Abbot Galandus, 1075. Church damaged by lightning, 1091. Abbot Ralph dies, 1095- Property at time of Survey. Chapter Four. 33 -Abbot Girmund, 1095-1122. Exhumed. Abbot God• frey, 1122. First observance of the Feast of the Conception of the B.V.M. Abbot Robert from Cluny, 1138. Winchcombe held for the Empress Matilda. Postllp chapel built. Hayles Chapel forced on the monks. Fire destroys Abbey 1151. Abbots William, 1152, and Gervase 1157. Chapter Five. 43 Abbot Henry, 1171. Papal protection. Property. Chapter Six.' 52 Abbot Crispin, 1181,. Tithe disputes. Sepa• ration of Abbatial and Conventual revenues. Active Priors. Daily celebration of the Mass of the B?V.M. Dispute with Parson of Hayles C.1136. Water pipes laid to the Abbey. 1 Page Chapter Seven. g$ Abbot Robert, 1194. Five marks pension taken from Sherborne and Twining Churches. Manors of Hawling, Hazelton and Yanworth purchased, 1201. Chapter Eight. 78 Abbot Thomas, 1221, appropriates Sherborne. Obtains grant of the Town of Winehcombe and the Hundreds* Attends General Chapter. Excessive bell ringing at the Parish Church disturbs monks. Abbot Henry. Chapter Nine. 89 Abbot John Yanworth, 1247, buys the Manor of Dry Marston, 1250. Hayles Abbey dedicated, 1251. Abbot presides at General Chapter 1271; resigns 1282. Grants and demands. Chapter Ten. 109 Abbot Walter de Wickewane, 1282. Division of tithes with the Vicar of Wincheombe, 1287. Nepotism (?) 1293. Abbot in debt; later, money owing to him. Chapter Eleven. 122 Abbey receives property in London, 1301. Abbot excommunicate. Gates closed against Prior of Worcester, 1302. Royal pensioners imposed- on monks. " Acquisitions at Enstone; Church appro• priated, 1307» living obtained 1309. Complaints against excessive taxation. Chapter Twelve. 140 Extensive building at the, Abbey. Walter de Wicke- wane's Constitutions. Died 1314. Chapter Thirteen. 149 Abbot Thomas de Sherborne, 1314. Abbot Richard de N Idbury, 1316; buys Manor and advoweon of Rowell; sells Framilode Fishery. Discipline lax; Bishop Orleton1s Ordinances, 1329. Abbey staff. Re• duction in grants of property. Numerous Corrodies. Resigns, 1340* Puge Chapter Fourteen. 175 Bishop provides William de Sherborne after dis• puted election. Violent attack and robbery by townsfolk. Monk breaks out of the Abbey, recon• ciled. Abbot deposed, 1352. 1 Chapter Fifteen. 196 Abbot Walter de Wynforton provided by the Bishop. Whirlwind damages the Abbey, 1264; Indulgence to meet cost of repairs. Lawsuits. Trespasses against the Abbey by the townsfolk. Twining appropriated. Dispute with Vicar of Winchcombe; appeals to Home; popular support for the Vicar. Prosperity restored. f Chapter Sixteen. 214 Details of the election of Abbot William Bradley; he appropriates Winchcombe Church, 1398. Value of . the Abbey. Parish/Church bell-ringing re• strained by Pope. Grant of Pontifical Insignia. Appropriation of Bledixigton, 1405. Abbot presides at the General Chapter. Chapter Seventeen. Election of Abbot(John Cheltenham, 1423. Lollardy. Sound finances. Bond of association of monasteries, 1430. Law suit with'Abbess of Polesworth, 1440. Chapter Eighteen. 242 Abbot William de Winchcombe, 1454. Winchcombe Parish Church built. Abbots Thomas and John Twyning. Abbot Eichard Kidderminster-, 1488. , Grant of the lordship of Sudeley, 15P9* Preaches sermon at St. Paulfs Cross, 1514; subsequent discoid. Interest in the Royal Divorce. Correspondence with Cromwell. Chapter Nineteen. 260 Richard Anselm Mounslow, Abbot; his correspondence with Cromwell who harries the monks; appoints Vicar of Winchcombe to disturb the Convent. Dom Placet's correspondence. Insubordinate monks supported by Cromwell who gives severe Injunctions; he aecepts High-Stewardship, 1538. Leases before Suppression. Monks surrender, 1539. Chapter Twenty. Pension awards; after careers. Values of the Abbey, 1535, 1539 and 1540. Disposal of fabric and estates. Chapter Twenty-one. Conclusion and review. Appendix. Plans & Map of district. Bibliography. List of Abbreviations Anglo-Sax. Obron. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Annal. Mon. Annales Monasticll. Bod. Lib. Bodlian Library, Oxford. C.P.B. Calendar of Patent Rolls. C.R. Close Rolls. C.S. Camden Society. Cal. C R, Calendar of the Close Rolls. Cal. Charter R. Calendar of the Charter Rolls. Cal. Papal Regs. Calendar of the Papal Registers. Chron. Abb. Evesham. GhronicOn Abbatiae de Evesham. Cott. MSB* Cottonian MSS. ^ Bugdale Mon. MOnasticon Anglicanum, Vol.I£. Dugdale. English Hist. Soc. English Historical Society. English Monks etc* English Monks & the Suppression ' •of the Monasteries. Flor. Wore. Chronicle of Florence of Worcester. L. & P. Hy VIII. / 8. Letters and Papers of Henry VIII. M.O. The Monastic Order in England. R.S. Rolls Series. Rec. Com. Record Commission. Trans i Transactions of the Bristol, and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society. Trans. R. Hist. S. Transactions of the Royal I Historical Society. V.C.H. Victoria -County History, Gloucester• shire VolVlI*. V.E. Valor Ecclesiasticus. Wore. Epis. Regs. Worcester Episcopal Registers. i VII V : I V ABBEY SEAL, That the Benedictine Abbey off Winchoombe -has received much less attention ^from historians than its early foundation, size and importance would demand may be due, in part at least, to the almost complete obliter• ation of every trace of the -buildings. fiihere ruins . exist they excite some interest and, sooner or later, someone takes in hand a serious and careful account oft the past history of those relics; but the incentive has been wanting at Vflnchcombe. It is not too much to say that in rio other case has an Abbey of like size so utter• ly disappeared from sight* Hitherto J* the fullest history has beenVthat by Dr. Rose Graham, in the 'Victoria County History, Volume II, Gloucestershire.' It is detailed and very accurate which* with the exoeption of tile valuable material' in* eluded in the account of the Abbey in Dugdale's •Monastioon,' is more than can be said for most of the other histories. These are, for the most part* local products of the Victorian era and coloured by the pre* audioes of the authors* The fullest account in this class is the * Annals of Winchcombe' by Mrs E* Dent, which, however, contains many errors and betrays an entire lack of understanding of1, and sympathy with, the monks and their vocation. The brief history otv 2 . the Abbots contained in the Landboc, Vol. II, is marred by. many mistakes in the dating and by the absence of references for many statements* The recovery of the long lost 'Laindboc, sive Registrum Monasteril de Wlnchelcumba* and its resfcorac• tion to Lord Sherborne, whose ancestors acquired it with Sfeerborne House, made possible its publication by the Reverend David Royce in 1903* Thus, a most valuable source of Information concerning: the domestic and busi• ness activities of the monks of Winchoombe was brought within the reach of historians. The original MSS are bound up in two volumes, of which the second is the thicker. They are alike in size (7 ins. by 10 ins.) with oak lids, bevelled at the edges and covered with vellum* Volume I contains 135 leaves, 3 inserted slips, and 276 pages. The earliest penmanship is of the thirteenth century. JDhe fir at pages contain a list of the Anglo-Saxon and Norman kings, two Indexes and some grants; after these, the /Landboc proper begins. Volume II, was, as is stated at the beginning of the book, compiled under the direction of Abbot John Cheltenham, c. A.D. 14-22. His election records are in• cluded in the first entries. Afterwards, other docu• ments were added, .bringing the reoords up to 14-64. ,<1) TD Landboc, II. xlv - xlix. ' ' There is no sort of chronological sequence about the ordering of the material, so that the student ^is com• pelled to search very carefully through both books to find all the information relating to any one particular period. Moreover, a great many of the documents are undated and the approximate date can only be ascertained by comparing the names of persons appearing in the text of the documents or as witnesses to them with other documents of known date; a task not made easy by reason of the limited number of surnames in use. (1) The Landboc is the main surviving work executed with- in the Abbey, but there are others of inferior historical importance still extant.
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