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Gloucester Cathedral Faith, Art and Architecture: 1000 Years
GLOUCESTER CATHEDRAL FAITH, ART AND ARCHITECTURE: 1000 YEARS SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING SUPPLIED BY THE AUTHORS CHAPTER 1 ABBOT SERLO AND THE NORMAN ABBEY Fernie, E. The Architecture of Norman England (Oxford University Press, 2000). Fryer, A., ‘The Gloucestershire Fonts’, Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society 31 (1908), pp 277-9. Available online at http://www2.glos.ac.uk/bgas/tbgas/v031/bg031277.pdf Hare, M., ‘The two Anglo-Saxon minsters of Gloucester’. Deerhurst lecture 1992 (Deerhurst, 1993). Hare, M., ‘The Chronicle of Gregory of Caerwent: a preliminary account, Glevensis 27 (1993), pp. 42-4. Hare, M., ‘Kings Crowns and Festivals: the Origins of Gloucester as a Royal Ceremonial Centre’, Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society 115 (1997), pp. 41-78. Hare, M., ‘Gloucester Abbey, the First Crusade and Robert Curthose’, Friends of Gloucester Cathedral Annual Report 66 (2002), pp. 13-17. Heighway, C., ‘Gloucester Cathedral and Precinct: an archaeological assessment’. Third edition, produced for incorporation in the Gloucester Cathedral Conservation Plan (2003). Available online at http://www.bgas.org.uk/gcar/index.php Heighway, C. M., ‘Reading the stones: archaeological recording at Gloucester Cathedral’, Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society 126 (2008), pp. 11-30. McAleer, J.P., The Romanesque Church Façade in Britain (New York and London: Garland, 1984). Morris R. K., ‘Ballflower work in Gloucester and its vicinity’, Medieval Art and Architecture at Gloucester and Tewkesbury. British Archaeological Association Conference Transactions for the year 1981 (1985), pp. 99-115. Thompson, K., ‘Robert, duke of Normandy (b. in or after 1050, d. -
English Monks Suppression of the Monasteries
ENGLISH MONKS and the SUPPRESSION OF THE MONASTERIES ENGLISH MONKS and the SUPPRESSION OF THE MONASTERIES by GEOFFREY BAS KER VILLE M.A. (I) JONA THAN CAPE THIRTY BEDFORD SQUARE LONDON FIRST PUBLISHED I937 JONATHAN CAPE LTD. JO BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON AND 91 WELLINGTON STREET WEST, TORONTO PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN IN THE CITY OF OXFORD AT THE ALDEN PRESS PAPER MADE BY JOHN DICKINSON & CO. LTD. BOUND BY A. W. BAIN & CO. LTD. CONTENTS PREFACE 7 INTRODUCTION 9 I MONASTIC DUTIES AND ACTIVITIES I 9 II LAY INTERFERENCE IN MONASTIC AFFAIRS 45 III ECCLESIASTICAL INTERFERENCE IN MONASTIC AFFAIRS 72 IV PRECEDENTS FOR SUPPRESSION I 308- I 534 96 V THE ROYAL VISITATION OF THE MONASTERIES 1535 120 VI SUPPRESSION OF THE SMALLER MONASTERIES AND THE PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE 1536-1537 144 VII FROM THE PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE TO THE FINAL SUPPRESSION 153 7- I 540 169 VIII NUNS 205 IX THE FRIARS 2 2 7 X THE FATE OF THE DISPOSSESSED RELIGIOUS 246 EPILOGUE 273 APPENDIX 293 INDEX 301 5 PREFACE THE four hundredth anniversary of the suppression of the English monasteries would seem a fit occasion on which to attempt a summary of the latest views on a thorny subject. This book cannot be expected to please everybody, and it makes no attempt to conciliate those who prefer sentiment to truth, or who allow their reading of historical events to be distorted by present-day controversies, whether ecclesiastical or political. In that respect it tries to live up to the dictum of Samuel Butler that 'he excels most who hits the golden mean most exactly in the middle'. -
Jedburgh Abbey Church: the Romanesque Fabric Malcolm Thurlby*
Proc SocAntiq Scot, 125 (1995), 793-812 Jedburgh Abbey church: the Romanesque fabric Malcolm Thurlby* ABSTRACT The choir of the former Augustinian abbey church at Jedburgh has often been discussed with specific reference to the giant cylindrical columns that rise through the main arcade to support the gallery arches. This adaptation Vitruvianthe of giant order, frequently associated with Romsey Abbey, hereis linked with King Henry foundationI's of Reading Abbey. unusualThe designthe of crossing piers at Jedburgh may also have been inspired by Reading. Plans for a six-part rib vault over the choir, and other aspects of Romanesque Jedburgh, are discussed in association with Lindisfarne Priory, Lastingham Priory, Durham Cathedral MagnusSt and Cathedral, Kirkwall. The scale church ofthe alliedis with King David foundationI's Dunfermlineat seenis rivalto and the Augustinian Cathedral-Priory at Carlisle. formee e choith f Th o rr Augustinian abbey churc t Jedburgha s oftehha n been discussee th n di literature on Romanesque architecture with specific reference to the giant cylindrical columns that rise through the main arcade to support the gallery arches (illus I).1 This adaptation of the Vitruvian giant order is most frequently associated with Romsey Abbey.2 However, this association s problematicai than i e gianl th t t cylindrical pie t Romsea r e th s use yi f o d firse y onlth ba t n yi nave, and almost certainly post-dates Jedburgh. If this is indeed the case then an alternative model for the Jedburgh giant order should be sought. Recently two candidates have been put forward. -
Bromfield Minster 1
21 MAY 2018 BROMFIELD MINSTER 1 actswilliam2henry1.wordpress.com Release date Version notes Who Current version: H1-Bromfield-2018-1 21/5/2018 Original version RS, DXC Previous versions: — — — — This text is made available through the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs License; additional terms may apply Authors for attribution statement: Charters of William II and Henry I Project Richard Sharpe, Faculty of History, University of Oxford David X Carpenter, Faculty of History, University of Oxford BROMFIELD MINSTER Collegiate Church of St Mary; later Benedictine priory, dependency of Gloucester Abbey County of Shropshire : Diocese of Hereford Very little is known of Bromfield minster in the Anglo-Norman period. A writ of King Edward the Confessor (S 1162) restated the fact that St Mary’s minster and ‘myne clerkes’ had the usual judicial privileges and forebade interference in these rights by the bishop or by anyone else.1 What threat occasioned their seeking the king’s writ is beyond knowing, but the writ, preserved in a later episcopal register, is evidence that the church was fully independent. A charter of Henry II refers to it as mea dominica capella, and the entry for it in Domesday Book shows that it was a minster church. That it was a royal minster before the Conquest 1 J. H. Denton, English Royal Free Chapels 1100–1300. A constitutional study (Manchester, 1970), 47–8, noted how remarkable was the clause specifying freedom from the bishop and contemplated interpolation, though in the end he concluded that lack of comparable clauses in other writs was not a sufficient reason. -
162912442.Pdf
Emily Mitchell Patronage and Politics at Barking Abbey, c. 950 - c. 1200 Abstract This thesis is a study of the Benedictine abbey of Barking in Essex from the tenth to the twelfth centuries. It is based on a wide range of published and unpublished documentary sources, and on hagiographie texts written at the abbey. It juxtaposes the literary and documentary sources in a new way to show that both are essential for a full understanding of events, and neither can be fully appreciated in isolation. It also deliberately crosses the political boundary of 1066, with the intention of demonstrating that political events were not the most significant determinant of the recipients of benefactors’ religious patronage. It also uses the longer chronological scale to show that patterns of patronage from the Anglo-Saxon era were frequently inherited by the incoming Normans along with their landholdings. Through a detailed discussion of two sets of unpublished charters (Essex Record Office MSS D/DP/Tl and Hatfield, Hatfield House MS Ilford Hospital 1/6) 1 offer new dates and interpretations of several events in the abbey’s history, and identify the abbey’s benefactors from the late tenth century to 1200. As Part III shows, it has been possible to trace patterns of patronage which were passed down through several generations, crossing the political divide of 1066. Royal patronage is shown to have been of great significance to the abbey, and successive kings exploited their power of advowson in different ways according to the political atmosphere o f England. The literary sources are discussed in a separate section, but with full reference to the historical narrative. -
Material Remains: Plantagenet Corpses, Burial Sites, and Memorials
Material Remains: Plantagenet Corpses, Burial Sites, and Memorials Carole M. Cusack Introduction The Middle Ages was an era in which peculiar significance was placed upon dead human bodies. Granted, this was most intensely felt in cases of the ‘holy dead’, those for whom it was anticipated that after a short period of time canonisation would follow hard upon the heels of death, such as the murdered Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket (d. 1170). The prompt response of Pope Alexander III, who canonised Becket in 1173, and the rapturous embrace of the cult of Saint Thomas, seen in the pilgrimage from Southwark to Canterbury immortalised in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, is a particularly clear example, especially when the gruesome details of the relic-taking from the martyr’s corpse are known.1 Yet the bodies of royalty could, under certain circumstances, be revered in like fashion: a phenomenon such as the rapid growth of Gloucester Abbey (now Cathedral) as a pilgrimage site, due to the burial of Edward II in December 1327 and the lavish gifts that his son Edward III made to the church testifies to this (as does Richard II’s formal request to the Papacy that his Carole M. Cusack is a Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Sydney. Thanks are due to her research assistant Camille Dewell, who assembled the notes and images for this article during her work experience at the University of Sydney in November 2015. The research was first presented as a lecture to the Plantagenet Society of Australia meeting on 19 March 2016 at Hornsby Library. -
The Book Collection at St Guthlac's Priory, Hereford, Before 1200
The Book Collection at St Guthlac’s Priory, Hereford, Before 1200: Acquisition, Adaptation and Use Christopher Ian Tuckley Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of PhD The University of Leeds Institute for Medieval Studies June 2009 The candidate confirms that the work is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have been particularly fortunate in having had the benefit of sponsorship throughout my research: the first three years of study were funded by the White Rose Consortium of universities, which also paid a stipend. A generous grant from the Lynne Grundy Trust allowed me to present a paper on the priory book collection at the International Congress on Medieval Studies at Kalamazoo, Michigan, in May 2008. Thanks are due to a number of individuals within the academic community for their assistance and advice in the completion of this thesis. Debby Banham, Orietta Da Rold, Sarah Foot, William Flynn, Richard Gameson, Monica Green, Thom Gobbit, Michael Gullick, Juliet Hewish, Geoffrey Humble, Takako Kato, Bella Millet, Alan Murray, Katie Neville, Clare Pilsworth, Richard Sharpe, Rodney Thomson, Elaine Trehame, Karen Watts, and the staff of the Bodleian, Jesus College, Hereford Cathedral and York Minster libraries have all given guidance at one point or another. I also gratefully acknowledge the help of the Dean and Chapter of Hereford Cathedral. Julia Barrow’s advice has been especially valuable in making sense of a number of medieval charters relating to St Guthlac’s Priory, and I owe her a great debt of gratitude in this respect. -
The Reading Abbey Formulary (Berkshire Record Office, D/EZ 176/1)
The Reading Abbey Formulary (Berkshire Record Office, D/EZ 176/1) Brian Kemp University of Reading In 2013 the Berkshire Record Office took possession of a small, neat parchment volume, bound in eighteenth-century vellum, which has become known as the Reading Abbey Formulary. It constitutes one of the most important acquisitions made by the Record Office for many years, and I shall say more later about how it came about. Although one cannot be absolutely certain that it is from Reading Abbey—it does not, for example, bear the usual Reading Abbey ex libris inscription: ‘Hic est liber Sancte Marie de Rading’. Quem qui celaverit vel fraudem de eo fecerit anathema sit ’, or any other medieval mark of provenance1 - a close analysis of the contents shows beyond all doubt that it was compiled either in and for the abbey or, at least, for a lawyer or senior scribe working there. As such, it was one of the small handful of Reading Abbey manuscript volumes still in private hands before it was purchased by the Record Office. It is also the only major Reading Abbey manuscript ever acquired by the Record Office, and it is therefore fitting and gratifying that after nearly five centuries since the abbey’s dissolution it has returned to the town where it was created. A number of medieval English formularies survive from monasteries, cathedrals and other corporate bodies. They form a very varied group, both in structure and in content, and were certainly not compiled in accordance with a standard plan. As far as I know, all are unique with no duplicate copies.2 The Reading example is a most interesting and valuable addition to their number. -
A 15Th-Century Drawing of Gloucester Abbey Church
Trans. Bristol & Gloucestershire Archaeological Society 129 (2011), 147–154 A 15th-Century Drawing of Gloucester Abbey Church By JULIAN M. LUXFORD The construction of Gloucester abbey’s Gothic crossing tower during the 1450s altered the topography of the city in a fundamental and enduring way (Fig. 1). Observers from John Leland to Beatrix Potter have considered it a defining landmark. ‘This tower is a pharos to all partes about from the hilles’: Leland’s observation, made shortly after the dissolution of the monastery in January 1540, is still valid, and indicates the success with which Abbot Thomas Sebroke (1451– 8) and his convent used architecture as a means of institutional promotion.1 Size and richness of treatment account for the tower’s physical and symbolic prominence. It is 68.6 m high, and clothed on all sides in a rich mesh of panelling, which culminates in a highly ornate crown of openwork battlements and turret pinnacles. Modern scholars murmur of visual excess, but Leland’s enthusiasm for this ‘exceedinge faire’ structure is a more reliable indication of medieval opinion.2 Both aspects of the tower’s embellishment were variously admired and copied elsewhere, particularly the crown, which, in addition to its fundamental visual appeal, must have suggested to receptive minds the architectural magnificence of the New Jerusalem, the holy ‘city [which] lieth in a foursquare’, ‘of pure gold, like to clear glass’, ‘coming down out of heaven from God’ (Rev. 21: 2, 16, 18). The extent to which this feature was imitated, not only in parochial Gloucestershire but also at Great Malvern, Bristol (St Stephen’s and Dundry), Cardiff, Llandaff, Glastonbury, Taunton, and elsewhere, is powerful testimony to the impression it made on contemporary minds.3 A drawing of St Peter’s abbey church in a genealogical roll of English and Scottish kings made during the reign of Edward IV (1461–83), not previously published, also appears to reflect this impression (Fig. -
Hatfield Peverel Priory 1
26 JANUARY 2016 HATFIELD PEVEREL PRIORY 1 actswilliam2henry1.wordpress.com Release date Version notes Who Current version: H1-Hatfield Peverel-2016-1 26/1/2016 Original version DC Previous versions: ———— This text is made available through the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs License; additional terms may apply Authors for attribution statement: Charters of William II and Henry I Project David X Carpenter, Faculty of History, University of Oxford Richard Sharpe, Faculty of History, University of Oxford HATFIELD PEVEREL PRIORY Benedictine priory of St Mary; dependency of St Albans abbey County of Essex : Diocese of London Founded 1108 × 1116 William Peverel founded the priory of Hatfield Peverel in 1108 × 1116. Contemporary sources often call him ‘of London’ to differentiate him from other men called William Peverel, prominent in the same period. His apparently authentic deed establishing the priory is addressed to Bishop R(ichard) of London ‘and all his archdeacons and canons, especially W. the dean’. The bishop addressed was Richard de Belmeis, 1108–1127; W. the dean, either Wulman or William, does not allow any narrowing of the date range, but the notice of the king’s confirmation, printed below, shows that the deed cannot be later than April 1116. It was printed in the first edition of the Monasticon, ‘ex registro abbatiae S. Albani in Bibl. Cottoniana, fol. 127’ (Dugdale, i. 330b, repr. Monasticon, iii. 295, no. i), i.e. BL MS Cotton Tiberius E. VI (s. xiv), pt 1, which contains one leaf devoted to the dependency at Hatfield, now fol. 138, beginning with William’s deed.1 1 For this cartulary, severely damaged in the Cotton fire of 1731, and its derivatives, see the Tynemouth headnote. -
HORNING REACH the PARISH PAPER for Horning and Ashmanhaugh (Associated with the NIB Magazine)
HORNING REACH The PARISH PAPER For Horning and Ashmanhaugh (Associated with the NIB magazine) APRIL 2019 No. 498 From your Parish Priest We tend to associate pilgrimage with major expeditions to some far away holy shrine or perhaps a place of healing. But life itself is also a pilgrimage. We find ourselves drawn to others on that same journey, gathering into communities of companions, those with whom we share bread, for that is the original meaning of the word “companion”. And as we journey on with those companions, we often find ourselves telling our stories, and the stories of our communities, just as Chaucer’s pilgrims did, in his “Canterbury Tales”. That is our pilgrim church – those who journey together, those who share bread together in homes and in Church, those who tell their stories together, stories of both past and present, and those who gather others to their community as they journey onwards. The end of our pilgrimage is in Our Lord’s presence. Jesus said “I go to prepare a place for you . so that where I am, there you may be also”. Yet despite all our inherited wisdom, despite all our knowledge, despite all that is talked and written about God and heaven, we know only in part. Our earthly pilgrimage is but a pale shadow of eternal life in God’s glorious presence, the life now enjoyed by those of our loved ones whose pilgrimage is complete. Each year Lent too is a pilgrimage. We tell our stories, how we worship God through stories of captivity and release. -
Gloucestershire Exhibition at Emmanuel Church, Cheltenham by Brian Torode (Copyright Rests with Richard Barton)
Gloucestershire Exhibition at Emmanuel Church, Cheltenham by Brian Torode (copyright rests with Richard Barton) An exhibition of ecclesiastical and related history to mark the millennium of the County of Gloucester in 2007 These texts for the displays were produced by Brian Torode and together they offer a picture of the story of Christianity in the county during the last thousand years. In many ways these simple and succinct texts offer an overview of many of Brian’s historical interests – Cheltenham history, the Oxford Movement, holy wells, pilgrimage, religious communities, church architecture and liturgy. The BEGINNING OF THE SECOND MILLENNIUM By the beginning of the 800s there were monasteries – mission settlements – at Beckford, Berkeley, Cheltenham, Bishops Cleeve, Deerhurst, Twyning, Westbury, Winchcombe, Withington and Yate. 1 Some of these communities owned large amounts of land. Little churches were built near to the centre of population and the clergy from the monasteries served them. It was at about this time that the Diocese of Worcester was formed, and included that part of present day Gloucestershire east of the Rivers Severn and Leadon. West of those rivers was part of the Diocese of Hereford. From 1062-1095 the saintly Bishop Wulfstan was Bishop of Worcester and therefore Bishop too of most of Gloucestershire. During the 1150s and beyond, many churches and chapels were built on monastic lands to serve the hamlets and villages. The gentry too built their own chapels on their lands and expected their servants and tenants to attend it. In return for serving these churches and chapels the monasteries were granted tithes, left property in the wills of the gentry, or given land and property in gratitude for services rendered or as a way of seeking a favour from the Church.