Brassington Conservation Area Appraisal
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Brassington Conservation Area Appraisal January 2008 BRASSINGTON CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL page Summary 1 1. Brassington in Context 2 2 Origins & Development 3 • Topography & Geology • Historic Development 3. Archaeological Significance 13 4. Architectural and Historic Quality 15 • Key Buildings • Building Materials & Architectural Details 5. Setting of the Conservation Area 44 6. Landscape Appraisal 47 7. Analysis of Character 60 8. Negative Factors 71 9. Neutral Factors 75 10. Justification for Boundary 76 • Recommendations for Amendment 11. Conservation Policies & Legislation 78 • National Planning Guidance • Regional Planning Guidance • Local Planning Guidance Appendix 1 Statutory Designations (Listed Buildings) Sections 1-5 & 7-10 prepared by Mel Morris Conservation , Ipstones, Staffordshire ST10 2LY on behalf of Derbyshire Dales District Council All photographs within these sections have been taken by Mel Morris Conservation © September 2007 i BRASSINGTON CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL List of Figures Fig. 1 Aerial Photograph Fig. 2 Brassington in the Derbyshire Dales Fig. 3 Brassington Conservation Area Fig. 4 Brassington - Enclosure Map (inset of town plan) 1808 Fig. 5 First edition Ordnance Survey map of 1880 Fig. 6 Building Chronology Fig. 7 Historic Landscape Setting Fig. 8 Planning Designations: Trees & Woodlands Fig. 9 Landscape Appraisal Zones Fig. 10 Relationship of Structures & Spaces Fig. 11 Conservation Area Boundary - proposed areas for extension & exclusion Fig. 12 Conservation Area Boundary Approved January 2008 List of Historic Illustrations & Acknowledgements Pl. 1 Extract from aerial photograph (1974) showing lead mining landscape (© Derbyshire County Council 2006) Pl. 2 Late 19th century view of Well Street, Brassington (reproduced by kind permission of Tony Holmes) Pl. 3 Extract from Sanderson’s map of 20 Miles round Mansfield 1835 (by kind permission of Local Studies Library, Derbyshire County Council) Pl. 4 Extract from first edition Ordnance Survey map 1880 Pl. 5 Extract from first edition Ordnance Survey map 1880 Pl. 6 Photograph of excavated bones near Brassington Moor (Harborough Rocks), 1922 (by kind permission of Derbyshire County Council, Buxton Museum & Art Gallery, Jackson Collection) Pl. 7 Aerial Photograph of Brassington, 1974 (© Derbyshire County Council 2006) ii SUMMARY east and north to south linking the different spaces and elements Brassington is a village with a strong individual identity, based upon four main factors; its historic • glimpses from many locations of the origins as a lead-mining settlement, the surrounding hills predominant use of pale grey, dolomitic limestone, the topography, and the fossilised form of the • the church is a prominent landmark elevated medieval planned village surrounded by crofts and above the surrounding houses beyond these the “ridge & furrow” of the former open fields. • numerous historic buildings dating from the 17th & 18th centuries Although there are extensive legal records associated with the manor courts and the village’s • various building phases evident within lead-mining history, the historic development of individual buildings; different phases of the village and its form has never been studied in development, often undisguised, provide any depth and there are no detailed maps dating interesting patterns & textures within the from before 1800. There is a great deal that we do stone not know about its former appearance, but equally, there is a large amount of physical evidence of its • dense development in some places, threading long history within the buildings & the landscape along the winding streets, creating still standing on the site. picturesque groups of buildings The distinctive characteristics of Brassington can be • narrow sections of street lined with buildings summarised as follows; & walls, with distinct “necks” or “pinch- points” that close the view, and sharp bends • a rural settlement with continual occupation creating closed vistas and short range views and long history of industrial activity from the Norman period onwards • tight-knit clusters of buildings are interwoven with both gable-ends and straight • mainly frontage development: street eaves facing the street and interspersed with frontages are fluid and organic, assisted by pockets of open space (gardens) and small the steep, sloping land. Groups of small paddocks (the original closes & crofts) former agricultural buildings, cottages and grander houses alternate, & provide visual • small front gardens or, more often, no front movement & changing scale along the street garden at all - multi-functional spaces, predominantly yards, around houses & • the common use of dolomitic limestone for outbuildings buildings • the common use of rubble carboniferous limestone for boundary walls • former open fields incorporate “ridge-and- furrow” on the outskirts of the settlement, prominent in views looking out to the south, east and west • remarkably well-preserved medieval settlement pattern of “crofts & tofts”, prominent in views & integral to the setting of the conservation area • a backdrop of green fields & grazed pasture on the northern and eastern fringes, with stone boundary walls snaking up the hillsides & stark, striking, rocky outcrops • long views across the village from west to 1 Brassington Conservation Area Appraisal 1. Brassington in Context CONTEXT OF THE CONSERVATION AREA The district of Derbyshire Dales covers an area of approximately 79,000 hectares (307 square miles), of which over half falls within the Peak District National Park. The area is mostly rural in character and comprises some of the most diverse and scenically beautiful areas in Britain. The Planning Authority for the area outside the National Park is Derbyshire Dales District Council. The largest settlements are the towns of Matlock, Ashbourne and Wirksworth. Brassington is situated between the two market towns of Ashbourne (8½ miles) & Wirksworth (5 miles) and is approached via the B5035, which links these two towns. The parish has a resident population of 584. The village lies only 1½ miles from Carsington Water, England’s ninth largest reservoir, constructed by Severn Trent Water and opened in 1992. The popularity of the area as a tourist destination has increased with the opening of the reservoir. 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