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Searchable Pacific Northwest History Book One Origins Geology, Native Americans, Search for Trade SEARCHABLE PACIFIC NORTHWEST HISTORY BOOK ONE ORIGINS GEOLOGY, NATIVE AMERICANS, SEARCH FOR TRADE BY Jim Ruble © 2018 Amazon Publishing Seattle, Washington Native American Inspired Art by Watercolor artist Barb Ruble CONTENTS HOW TO USE THIS MATERIAL................................................................................................. 3 WHY DID I UNDERTAKE SEARCHABLE PACIFIC NORTHWEST HISTORY? .................. 4 SYNOPSIS ...................................................................................................................................... 5 GEOLOGY ..................................................................................................................................... 7 PACIFIC NORTHWEST INDIANS ............................................................................................ 23 B.C.E.-1499 ................................................................................................................................ 124 1500-1599 ................................................................................................................................... 147 1600-1699 ................................................................................................................................... 179 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................................... 207 ARTICLES ................................................................................................................................. 218 ABOUT THE AUTHOR ............................................................................................................ 221 BOOK ONE – ORIGINS PAGE 2 HOW TO USE THIS MATERIAL Searchable Pacific Northwest History provides a huge variety of topics to be studied. I have chosen to use a chronological format that includes a series on indentions something like an outline so additional material could be easily added and existing material shifted to a new location. This also allows the reader to “copy and paste” material from this document into a new document of their own making using the “document search navigator” on their computer (Control F). This access allows anyone to construct an historic document of their own in “outline” form. With the exception of the sections on Geology and Native Americans in Book One, this document is in chronological order by century, decade, year, month and occasionally week and day. The expanse of time covered in the first two sections makes centuries and even millennia irrelevant. In the remaining chronology events listed out of sequence in an effort make a point are placed in parenthesis ( ) and non-sequential dates in brackets [ ]. Quotations are in bold print and footnoted. To construct an historic document of your own requires a two-step process: 1) Our website: http://searchablehistory.com provides a TEMPLATE of the “outline” formatting required for the new document. a. Download this TEMPLATE and Save it onto your computer. b. OPEN the TEMPLATE. 2) Download the MS Word version of this book. Information COPIED from Searchable Pacific Northwest History and PASTED onto the TEMPLATE will result in a new document being generated in chronological order and “outline” form. For instance, after generating a formatted TEMPLATE on a computer, a student might search the activities of Juan Ponce de Leon. Opening Searchable Pacific Northwest History and placing “de LEON” into the search navigator shows de Leon is found 37 times. The first instance is in the Synopsis “1500-1599” on page 6 tells where to begin the search. The paragraph “CONQUISTADOR JUAN PONCE de LEON BECOMES GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO” on page 152 begins his exploits. This paragraph can be COPIED and PASTED onto the TEMPLATE. The next paragraph where “de LEON” is found is “SPANISH CONQUISTADOR JUAN PONCE de LEON EXPLORES (TODAY’S FLORIDA)” on page 153. This too can be copied and pasted into the TEMPLATE following the first paragraph. Further examination of the historic document would result in other relevant information being discovered. Adding this material to the “outline” template would produce a document featuring the exploits of Juan Ponce de Leon in chronological order. BOOK ONE – ORIGINS PAGE 3 WHY DID I UNDERTAKE SEARCHABLE PACIFIC NORTHWEST HISTORY? Computers have changed the way we look at history. The study of our past has always been constricted by the space available to present it. The person, topic, or event being studied was confined by the physical limits of books. This constricting of the past is even greater in a history book dedicated to a very broad subject. Each topic must be compressed to fit the space available. These restrictions are no longer necessary with the advent of computers and the internet. History happens chronologically and in context. However, it is not taught that way. Rather, attention is focused on dates, names and selected topics. For instance, the exploration of Captain George Vancouver might be presented without any mention of the discoveries of Spanish explorers although both investigations occurred simultaneously and sometimes mutually. Also, American sea traders were operating in the Pacific Ocean waters while Alexander Mackenzie was actively conducting his second overland expedition to find the Pacific Ocean. Events do not occur in isolation. The topics of missionaries to the Pacific Northwest and Hudson’s Bay Company might be presented without acknowledging both entities were dealing with the same Native Americans at the same time. These interactions had a unique impact on the Indians. Or, similarly that Northwest Indian wars and Indian treaties are presented without mentioning the treaties came before the wars. Presenting history one topic at a time, while necessary until now, makes historic context almost impossible. Presenting history one topic at a time also presents a false image of the time necessary to accomplish a task. When students are introduced to the Oregon Trail, attention is perhaps paid to the preparations essential for the journey and the sacrifices necessary. The route West is depicted passing by a series of prominent land features, hardships for the travelers may be indicated, and Oregon is reached three paragraphs or three pages after setting out depending on the detail of the text. There is no feeling for the nine months the journey on foot took to complete. The neglect of the amount of time necessary to accomplish a goal is so frequent in history books that this could, perhaps, account for the instant gratification so often demanded today. Those of us who enjoy reading history are intrigued with adding new information to what we have previously discovered. Each addition provides an opportunity to gain new insight. We are aware that previous generations faced challenges and mysteries much like our own. Discovering how these demands were met, successfully or unsuccessfully, in the past can guide us as we seek answers to our own personal and collective dilemmas. As President Harry Truman noted: “The only thing new in the world is the history you don’t know.” The internet has opened a vast amount of previously unavailable historic material. The writings of early Northwest historians such as Hubert Bancroft, Cecil Dryden and Oscar Osburn Winther, as well as participants who wrote about their activities are now available on line as are compilations of historic societies and the perceptions of individual authors. More information is being added every day. Access to this material is invaluable in appreciating and understanding our past. It needs to be added to our current understanding. BOOK ONE – ORIGINS PAGE 4 SYNOPSIS GEOLOGY In this document you will find a chronological listing of geologic time broken down by Eons, Eras, Periods and Epochs relayed in terms of a twenty-four clock. Significant events are noted such as volcanic activities, glacial events, the formation of glacial valleys and river valleys, various mountains, Lake Missoula, Grand Coulee, Dry Falls, Channeled Scablands and Puget Sound are noted. The advent of fishes, reptiles, dinosaurs and mammals are indicated. In contrast, a Chinook Indian legend that attempts to explain the earliest times is also included. NATIVE AMERICANS In this document the earliest people to live in the Pacific Northwest such as Marmes Man, Buhl woman, and Kennewick Man, are investigated as are theories of their origin. Coastal and Plateau Native language and culture are contrasted. Indian beliefs in the spirit world and the role of the shaman are considered. Ceremonial activities such as the potlatch, salmon ceremony and winter ceremony are examined. Class structure including slavery and political life are discussed. Native interaction with the environment, housing, Ozette village, and transportation including canoe making are presented. Fishing and hunting activities and Makah whaling are investigated. Native art work represented by clothing, jewelry, basket making and wood working is explored. Food gathering, cooking and serving, especially salmon, are presented. Attention is also placed on the cycle of life from birth to death. The impact of European and American invaders on native lives are considered. B.C.E.-1499 An understanding of the history of the Pacific Northwest must begin prior to any European contact. This document begins with the Roman Empire and the efforts of early European and Chinese merchants who strived to establish trade. European and Chinese explorers set out to develop trade routes
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