Dando Um Jeito: an Integrated Theological, Historical, Cultural and Strategic Study of Missio Dei To, in and Through Brazil
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Scholars Crossing Faculty Publications and Presentations School of Divinity 2014 Dando um Jeito: An Integrated Theological, Historical, Cultural and Strategic Study of Missio Dei To, In and Through Brazil Joao Mordomo [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/sod_fac_pubs Part of the Christianity Commons, and the Missions and World Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Mordomo, Joao, "Dando um Jeito: An Integrated Theological, Historical, Cultural and Strategic Study of Missio Dei To, In and Through Brazil" (2014). Faculty Publications and Presentations. 32. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/sod_fac_pubs/32 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Divinity at Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DANDO UM JEITO: AN INTEGRATED THEOLOGICAL, HISTORICAL, CULTURAL AND STRATEGIC STUDY OF MISSIO DEI TO, IN AND THROUGH BRAZIL by JOÃO MORDOMO A Doctoral Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Religious Studies with an emphasis in Christian Leadership in the Division of Graduate Studies of Vision International University 2014 The Doctoral Dissertation of João Mordomo Copyright by João Mordomo 2014 ABSTRACT Since it’s descobrimento on April 22nd, 1500, Brazil proved to be resistant to Protestant and Evangelical Christianity until the 20th century. However, by the end of the century, Brazil had, in many missiologists’ minds, transitioned from being a missionary field to a missionary force. There is one Brazilian trait in particular that serves well to describe both God as He has orchestrated the evangelization of Brazil, and Brazilians as they increasingly have fulfilled their role in God’s global mission to, in and through Brazil. This trait is summarized in the expression dar um jeito (pronounced “darh oon jhei’-to”). While a literal translation into English does not make much sense, its meaning can most accurately be conveyed with “make a way.” Its participle form (dando um jeito) would be “making a way,” and that is a wonderful description of God on mission to, in and through Brazil. For over 500 years, despite difficulties, hostilities, resistance and obstacles, He has been “making a way” for His Gospel to be proclaimed, His name to be known, His Son to be worshiped and His mission to be completed – first to Brazil, then in, and now among the nations through Brazilian Evangelical missionaries. By way of an integrated research iv methodology, situated within a naturalistic paradigm, and based upon the grounded theory method, this dissertation analyzes data and makes inferences from a variety of theoretical as well as disciplinary perspectives, in an attempt to uncover, examine, understand and integrate selected theological, historical, cultural and strategic reasons for Brazil’s resistance to the Gospel, as well as to show how God has overcome the resistance, in order for the Gospel to continue to impact Brazil, and for the Brazilian Evangelical church increasingly to become a missionary “powerhouse” in the 21st century. v KEYWORDS Missio Dei, doxological missiology, doxological motivation, freewill theism, “openness of God” theology, dando um jeito, jeitinho, Brazil, historical, cultural, strategic, Brazilian Evangelical missions, two-thirds world missions, emerging missions movements, missionary training, missionary education, business as mission vi ABBREVIATIONS AMTB Associação de Missões Transculturais Brasileiras (Brazilian Cross-Cultural Missions Association) APMB Associação de Professores de Missões do Brasil (Brazilian Association of Missions Professors) B4T Business for Transformation BAM Business as Mission CCI-Brasil Crossover Communications International – Brasil (known in Brazil as “Comunicando Cristo Interculturalmente”) CIA Central Intelligence Agency CLADE Congreso Latinoamericano de Evangelizacion (Latin American Congress on Evangelization) COMIBAM Cooperación Misioneira Iberoamericana (Ibero-American Missionary Cooperation) CPM Church-Planting Movement DAI Departamento de Assuntos Indígenas (Department for Indigenous Affairs of the Brazilian Cross-Cultural Missions Association) EMS Evangelical Missiological Society ESV English Standard Version of the Bible FTBP Faculdade Teológica Batista do Paraná (Paraná Baptist Theological Faculty) vii FTL Fraternidad Teológica Latinoamericana (Latin American Theological Fraternity) IMA Introduction to Missionary Anthropology LCWE Lausanne Congress (later Committee) for World Evangelization, today known as the Lausanne Movement LOP Lausanne Occasional Paper MACI Missão Amigos dos Ciganos (Friends of Gypsies Mission, a ministry unit of CCI-Brasil) MEAB Missão Evangélica Árabe do Brasil (Evangelical Arab Mission of Brasil) NIV New International Version of the Bible PEM Profissionais e Empresas em Missão (Professionals and Businesses on Mission, a department of the AMTB) PMM Professional Ministry Model SEPAL Servindo aos Pastores e Líderes (Serving Pastors and Leaders, the Brazilian branch of OC International) viii DEDICATION To the Lord Jesus, the Christ, in whom I live and move and have my being eternally, my hope of glory. To Sonia, Gabriel and Giovanna, for whom, more than any other humans, I live and move and dedicate my being, for their eternal hope and glory in Jesus Christ. To my parents, Jack and Carolyn who, through their dedication to Jesus Christ, to their children, and to the outworking of God’s will in their lives, have served as genuine, motivating and deeply encouraging examples of what it means to live in hope and be rewarded – in the case of my mother, who is now with Jesus – with eternal glory. ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS While this doctoral dissertation has my name on it, I would be remiss if I did not recognize that the final product is based on much more than my years of research into the subject of God’s mission to, in and through Brazil. My research – both in terms of the subject matter I chose as well as my ability to do the research – is the culmination of years of experience and reflects the influence of many godly and capable men and women in my life. I am deeply grateful to God as I consider and thank the people whom He has used to mold my life, ministry and research. And I am profoundly humbled as I realize that my list of personal, professional and academic mentors reads like a “Who’s Who?” of Christian leadership and scholarship. Just as I could never merit the free gift of salvation that I have received in Jesus Christ, I also could never earn or deserve to have such an incredible group of people mentor and mold me on this journey of life, ministry and research. I can, however, humbly and gratefully acknowledge the profound impact of at least some of these agents of grace and transformation in my life: • My wife Sonia was more gracious and patient than I could have hoped for as my doctoral journey carried on year after year. She put up with my physical absences, occasional mental and emotional absences (even when I was physically present) and even bravely faced (and then wisely fled from!) a hurricane, with a baby in tow, in a country that was not her own, x while I was a world away taking a doctoral course. I’m deeply grateful to her for persevering as I plodded, er, pressed on, toward my goal. • Dr. Bill Jones, president of Columbia International University, and with whom I co-founded Crossover Communications International (CCI) 26 years ago. This dear friend and mentor who invited me on the journey to the nations that is called CCI has taught me more about living a life of integrity, discipline and stewardship – and what they mean for godly leadership – than anyone else I know. My research flows from a deep desire to honor God as an effective leader of a global missions movement, a desire instilled in many ways by Bill. • Dr. Enoch Wan, president of the Evangelical Missiological Society, head of the Doctor of Intercultural Studies program at Western Seminary, and missiologist par excellence. He is a masterful mentor of both missiology and academic process and I am deeply grateful that he has been willing to stick with me over the past decade! • Dr. Marshall Christensen, founder of Co-Serve International, provost of the Kazak-American Free University at East Kazakstan State University, former president of Warner Pacific College and Fulbright scholar. A gifted encourager and educator who showed me the importance of integrating education, business and missions for the sake of God’s global purposes. • Dr. Gerry Breshears, professor of theology at Western Seminary and past president of the Evangelical Theological Society. He instilled in me an xi appreciation for systematic theology that informs all of my studies, not just those in theology. • Dr. Ralph Winter, one of the 21st century’s most extraordinary missiologists, founder of the U.S. Center for World Missions and William Carey International University. His brilliance in all fields, not just missiology, inspired me to see, understand, and appreciate missions as being broad and deep and fully integrated with other domains of knowledge, and relevant in all domains of life. His words one fateful day in early October of 2004 at the Lausanne Forum in Thailand ultimately led to my pursuing a Ph.D. (Our lunch conversation pertained to missiological studies. He commented that a D.Min. is a “doctor of minimums.” I responded, “That’s why I’m doing a D.Miss.” To which he replied, “A D.Miss. is a near miss. You are doing Ph.D. level work but you don’t get a Ph.D. for it!” At which point I entered into a small but very real personal crisis!) • Dr. William Lane Craig, past president of the Evangelical Philosophical Society and old friend from Brussels. I have watched in awe over the past 25 years as he has skillfully defended Christianity and biblical worldview. He constantly inspires me to strive to go beyond my perceived intellectual limits.