Heywood Notes & Queries

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HEYWOOD NOTES & QUERIES .

Reprinted from the Heywood Advertiser.

CONDUCTED BY J . A. GREEN .

VOL. II.] [No. 13

4 riaav, 3anuary 5th, 1906.

[152.] JOHN KAY TAYLOR. (See Query No . 109 .) Under the above heading I recently asked for information about the author of The Burial of Burns : a poem, 1847 . A copy of this scarce pamphlet was given to me tzn years ago by a local gentleman, and I have since then made several inquiries about the authors connection with Heywood, but unsue- oessfully . I mentioned the pamphlet in a lecture on Heywood books, etc ., which I delivered to the Heywood Literary Society in 1897, and in 1902 I gave a short notice of the author in The Bibliography of Heywood . It has fallen to the lot of a humorous contri- butor to the Heywood Advertiser to un- earth additional particulars, but, mistaking the right letter box, his contribution did not reach V

2 this columnar, it ought to have done . The following extract from the article just mentioned gives some new facts on the authority of Mr . William Crabtree, George-street, Hey- wood (a cousin of Mr . Taylor) : It is to be regretted that so little is known of the author of The Burial of Burns . His father was a handloom weaver and one of the Kays, of whom there seems to have always teen a numerous family with several branches at Heywood . His mofher was Ann Taylor, and she was the eldest of thirteen children . Her family lived at Black Dad Farm, situate between Nab s Wife and Ashworth Chapel . The author s parents ultimately came to live at Heady Hill, and it was there that the son spent his boyhood . He was born in 1816. IIe afterwards took the name of John Kay Tay- lor, the two latter being the surnames of his parents . When he arrived at the proper age he was indentured to learn the business of a druggist, it is believed at Oldham, and it was whilst serving his apprenticeship that he became the fortunate possessor of a copy of Burns poems, which, as he informs us, he studied with avidity, and to such purpo.=e that anything relating to Burns or to the land of Burns became to him a subject of all- absorbing interest. On completing his apprenticeship he took a situation at Glasgow, in which city he spent the greater part of his life and almost ended his days there . Whilst at Glasgow he paid several visits to South-Last Lancashire, and lived for a time at Heady Hill . On these visits but prior to the publication of the poems, Mr . Crabtree (his cousin) saw and conversed with him on at least two occasions . He speaks of him as having been of a tall and prepossessing appearance, well dressed, of amiable disposition and manners, and standing high in the esteem of all who had the honour of his acquaintance . One o his brothers is buried at Birtle Church . Mr . Taylor was so much of an artist that be painted a likeness of himself in Highland cos- tume, and in the same picture is a little gir! whom he named Sylvia. Amongst others of Mr. Taylor s Lancashire acquaintances was %Ir . John Critchley Prince, a fellow-poet, author of Hours with the muses, who addressed to him after reading his Burial of Burns a corn- plimentary sonnet which concluded as follows : s Dear friend, the worshipper of Burns s name, Thine is no .worthless tribute to his undying fame. - From further particulars to hand since the foregoing was written, we learn that Mr . J . K Taylor had entered into a matrimonial engagement with Miss McNaught, whose parents had a nursery at Old Hand, between Heywood and Bury, on the Bury Old Road . In 1849 Mr. Taylor was taken ill very suddenly, and was brought home to Heady Hill, where he was tenderly nursed by his fiancee, but he died, and was buried at St . Paul s Churen, Bury. It will be of interest to state that Miss McNaught was sister of the founder of the engineering firm of Messrs . McNaught of Old- ham Road, Rochdale . The nursery at Old Hand came to an end in 1848 owing to its site being required by the Lancashire and York- shire Railway Company for extension purposes . The company, in addition to paying for the site they took, offered another site in the neighbourhood of Bolton for a nursery, but the offer does not appear to have been accepted .

It is rather singular that this pamphlet appears to be unknown to the bibliographers of Burns, as it is duly recorded by Ander- son . Notwithstanding the fact that. Gla.- gow appears on the title as the principal place of publication, the Burial of Burns is not known there . I recently saw Mr . F . T. Barrett, the city librarian, Mitchell Library, Glasgow, and he assured me that he had no knowledge of Taylor s poem . There are one or two copies in the Public Reference Library, Oldham, in the collection formed by the late Mr. Whitehead . J. A . GREEEN .

[153 .] HEYWOOD AND EDUCATION . In the Lancashire Directory for 1825, Hey- wood is described as a populous village, and it is added : Great attention is paid here to the education of ycuth . What were the edu- cational facilities offered in Heywood at that time? STUDENT . 1l

4 [154 .] THE EXTINCT LNDU`TRIES OF HEYWOOD . (Reply to Queries Nos . 123 and 144 .) The business of glass-blowing was carried on by Mr. Simeock who, I believe, hailed from Staffordshire. It was carried on for some time in a building off Hardfield-stroet . The working plant was afterwards transferred to a cottage en the left hand side going to Crimble Bridge from Heywood . When the business was carried on in Hardfield I remember goin, at night before I retired to rest to watch Old Miek, the glass-blower, who used to turn out some beautiful specimens of the glass-makers art . Mick often did his work in the night time, and he was considered a good worker but very fond of his ale, but however much he drank he never seemed any worse, as he used to sweat very hard . My wife reminds me that Mr . Simcoek used to wear a potter s coat and cap . The coat was a long one and gathered at the front. Mr. Simcock and his family attended the Wesleyan Chapel in Market-street . Mr. Simcock hau a stall in the Heywood Old Market. I believe he gave up the business and left Heywood about 1865 or shortly after. I do not remember anything about candle-making in Heywood, but pipe- making was carried on at Vale Mill ; the owner, I believe, was Mr . Hardman . My parents kept a shop, and I remember him bringing his pipes ; but I do not know when the business was discontinued . To the best of my recollection the pipes were made in one of the cottages . T. M .

.ftrihng, 3inuarp 19th, 1906.

NOTES. ,[155.) JAMES LANCASHIRE S CHARITY ; HARDMAN FOLD . In the recently-published History of New- ton Chapelry, by Mr. H . T . Crofton (Chet- ham Society s publications, vol . 54, new series), there is an interesting reference to an s old local charity in that part of the Fails- worth section dealing with Lord Tone. Mr. Crofton says : Near Lord Lane was the Acre Field, which Mr . John Taylor bought from l the trustees of James Lancashire s Charity . I It was a charity created by the will, dated July 30th, 1737, of James Lancashire, for the benefit of the poor of Hopwood hamlet in Middleton Parish. He left £20 to the Over- seers of the Poor of Hopwood to be invested, and the yearly produce to be laid out in buy- ing linen cloth for such poor as have parish relief . He also left £50 apiece to the school at or near Unsworth Chapel, the school at Heywood Chapel, and the school in Walmsley [Walmersley], and directed the legacies to be paid to the principal freeholders or inhabitants who had estates in those townships, and who within three years after the testator s death should advance and raise £50 more for each school for teaching poor children to read English and for their better education in the principles of the Church of England as by law established . He also willed that the masters or dames of each school, in consideration thereof, should teach and educate so many poor children, not eseesding ten in number, as from time to time should be nominated by the Churchwardens and Overseers of the poor of the township in which the school was built, by and with the advice and concurrence of the minister or curate of. the Chapel, and where there was not or should not be any such curate, then with the advice of the rector of the parish . This Acre Field had belonged to James Lancashire, and his trustees sold ?t in 1880 to Mr. Taylor, who in 1888 also bought a small field at the corner of Cemetery Road. In the same volume it is shown that there was some connection between the Hardmans of Failsworth and the Hardmans of Broadfield, Heywood. Referring to Hardman Fold, Fails worth, Mr Crofton says : On November 26th, 1609, Thecphilus Aseheton, of Rochdale, conveyed to Catherine, late wife of Francis Holt, of Grislehurst, in Middleton Parish, deceased, a messuage in Failsworth On August 6 30th, 1623, Katherin Houlb, widdowe, late wyffe of ffrances Hoult, of Grislehurst, esquier, bargained and sold to John Hardman, of Hey- wood, yeoman, for five hundred and four score pounds, her messuage in Failsworth. . and the close called Shippencrofte with the Clough thereunto adjoining [and other lands .] . . . . On December 14th, 1647, John Hard- man, of Failsworth, yeoman, enfeoffed James Hardman, of Broadfield, in Middleton Parish, yeoman, and Richard Chaderton, of Fails- worth, shoemaker, of the capital messuage in Failsworth in John Hardman s occupation, wherein he doth now inhabit, and purchased by him from Dorothye Holte, late of Gristle- hurst, widow ; also certain lands at Failsworth in John Hardman s occupation, some of it having been lately purchased by him from John Shack-locke, gent ., upon trust for John Hardman for ute, and after his death for Henry, his e. est .son, for life, with remainder to Henry s issue in tail male, with remainder to John, second son of the settler in tail male, and remainder to the settler s right heirs. On September 6th, 1658, mention is made of John Hardman and Alice, his wife, in rela- tion to properties at Failsworth, Oldham, Ashkon-under-Dyne, and Audenshaw ; Henry Hardman, of Failsworth, yeoman, and John, his son and heir apparent, are mentioned in a Morton land transaction in January, 1658-9 ; and John Hardman, yeoman, is stated to have sold property at Hollinwood prior to 1681 . With regard to the foregoing extracts, it may be mentioned that James Lancashire, - gentleman, a descendant of an old Hopwood family, died at Langley, and his will was proved in 1738. James Hardinan, who died in 1673, was the Broadfield yeoman, some- time overseer of the poor and of the highways in Pilsworth, who-as shown in a previous Note on the Hardman family-enjoyed the friendship of eminent divines like Oliver Hey- wood and Henry Newcome, and whose house was licensed for the use of Nonconformists, a use to which it was put not only in his own 7 later years, but also in the time of his son James, who died at Broadfield early in 1712 . Catherine Holt had been a widow five years when the Failsworth property was conveyed to her by Theophilus Assheton of Rochdale . She was a daughter of ovnliarn Assheton, of Clegg. Her husband, Francis Holt, of Gristle- burst, who died in September, 1604, was a great-grandson of Sir Thomas Holt, Knt., of Gristiehurst, and it was Francis Holt s great- grandson, John Goodhand Hoii- the vcung son, onely child, and hopefull heir of Thomas Holt, of Gristlehurst -whose premature death was the subject of a sermon preacb2d at St. Martin s-in-the-Fields, London, by Dr . Robert Mossom, March 19th, 1659-61 (extracts from which discourse are given in the Pala- tine Note Bock, vol. i ., pp . 203-207 .) Some time after her husband s death Mrs . Francis Holt was living at Rochdale, as were some of her sons . LECTOR .

[156 .] OLD STOCKS IN HEYWOOD PARK What is the history of the old stocks in Heywood Park? If they were ever used in Heywood, where they were stationed, and when last used, are some of the questions one sometimes hears from visitors . LEMUEL .

[157.] SIR, ANDREW CHADWICK . Some years ago persons who had the good or ill fortune to be called Chadwick were greatly exercised in mind as to their possible share in the reputed great wealth of the gentleman named above. A good many amusing tales could be told of those who were victimised by local would-be millionaires . Is it possible to recover a few of these stories? One old lady declared for years that she possessed a portion of the deceased gentleman s clothing, but, alas! she herself passed over to the great majority without even tasting the delights of great riches . UHURRICK . 8 [158.] LOCAL PLACE+-NAMES ABROAD . If this query should meet the eye of an emigrant from Heywood now residing in any part of the world, would he kindly oblige by sending a note of any facts known to him? Have any places abroad been named after Heywood, Lancashire, or of any neighbouring place? The writer knows of Marland Farm, ` ymore, Nebraska, the residence of one of the Fentons, formerly of Heywood, and it is said that another of the Fentons named his place Heywood Farm, somewhere in Canada . Any information on the above will be accept- able . NOMENCLATURE.

ANSWERS. [159 .] EXTINCT LOCAL INDUSTRIES. (See Queries and Answers Nos . 123, 144, and 154 .) At No. 123 Lemuel asked about the extinct Industries of Heywood . Pipe-making was introduced into Heywood about 68 years ago by Thomas Birchall . He was born at Liverpool and learnt his trade at Rainford . Coming to Bury when 17 years old he com- mnenced to work for Isaac Hazledene . Leav- ing Mr. Hazledene he set up in business for himself at Heady Hill, near the old school . The business was a very successful one, employing seven or eight men besides appren , tices . During the plug drawing be was visited by a number of plug drawers who, however, passed him by on his paying them 5s ., Mr . Birchall pointing out that he would bo ruined if they drew his fires, as his ovens were full of pipes which were partly burned . This business was afterwards carried on by Mr . Kershaw Hardman in Litton s Buildings, who had served his apprenciceshi,n with Mr. Birchall. Another apprentice of Mr. Birchall was Mr . Robert Diggle, who started pipe-making at Jericho, on Bury Odd Road, but afterwards removed to Bagsl .ate, near the Blue Ball Inn . There is only one firm o€ pipe-makers in the neighbourhood that 9 I am aware of, viz ., Turner Brothers, Roch- dale . This business was started by a Mr . Robert Sutcliffe, who was one of Mr . Bir- cLall a workmen . GLASS-BLOWING. This industry was carried on in two houses rear Crimble Mill, which were pulled down over a dozen years age . Many of your readers will remember the cottages, which were about 100 yards from the bridge . It was in one, of these houses that Mr. Wood lived, whose daughter walked into the river after leaving her work, and whose body was never found . J. L.

., friba , 3anu rv 26th, 1906 .

NOTES. [160 .] THE HOLTS OF GRISPLE11TTRST . A NOTABLE JUDGE . As an administrator of the criminal law, he shone by contrast to his immediate prede- cessors, such as Scroggs and Jeffreys, at once cruel and corrupt . He was as scrupulously fair to the accused as Sir Matthew Hale . Such is the tribute paid by a recent writer to Lord Chief Justice Holt, a descendant of the once opulent family at Gristlehurst, some account of which has already been given nn the Heywood Notes and Queries . Sir John Holt, Knight, the Judge, was born at Thame, Oxfordshire, on December 30th, 1642, and died at his residence in London on March 5th, 1710, his funeral taking place at the parish church of Redgrave, Suffolk-a manor which he had purchased from Sir Robert Bacon. Sir John was the eldest son of Sir Thomas Holt of Gray s Inn, barrister and Ser- jeant-at-Law, Recorder of Reading and Abingdon, whose wife was a daughter of John Peacock of Chawley, near Cummor, Berk- shire ; and he was educated at Abingdon Grammar School, Winchester College, and Oriel College, Oxford . 10 Looking through an old London magazine recently I came across an interesting story about Judge Holt, a story supposed to have had its beginning in the neighbourhood of Oxford, and which will probably be new to some of the readers of Notes and Queries. It is as follows :- Sir John Holt, Lord Chief Justice of the Court of King s Bench, 1709, who, it is said, was extremely wild in his youth, being once engaged with some rakish friends in a trip into the country, in which they had spent their money, it was agreed they should try their fortunes separately . Holt arrived at an inn at the end of a straggling village, ordered his horse to be taken care of, bespoke a supper and a bed . He then strolled into the kitchen, where he observed a little girl of thirteen shivering with an ague . The landlady told him that she was her only child, and had been ill nearly a year, notwithstanding all the assistance she could procure for her from physic . He gravely shook his head, and bade her be under no further concern, for that her daughter should never have another fit. He then wrote a few unintelligible words in a court hand on a scrap of parchment, which had been the direction artixed to a hamper, and, rolling it up, directed that it should be bound upon the girl s wrist, and there allowed to remain until she was well . The ague returned no nrore ; and Holt, having remained in the house for a week, called for his bill . God bless you, sir, said the woman, you re nothing in my dent, Pin sure. I wish, on the contrary, that I was able to pay you for the cure which you have made. Oh! if I had had the happiness to see you ten months ago, it would have saved me forty pounds . With pretended reluctance he accepted his accommo- dation . as a reconipence, -and rode away. Many years elapsed. Holt advanced in his profession and went on circuit as one of the Judges of the Court of King s Bench, into the same county, where, among other prisoners brought before him, was an old woman under a charge of witchcraft . To support this accu- sation, several witnesses swore that the priso- ner had a spell with which she could cure such cattle as were sick, or destroy those that were well, •a nd that in the use of this spell she had been lately detected, and that it was now ready to be produced . Upon this statement the F 11 Judge desired it might be handed up to him . It was a dirty ball, wrapped round with several rags •a nd bound with packthread . These coverings he removed, and beneath them found a piece of parchment, which he immediately recognised as his own youthful fabrication. For a few moments Lord Chief Justice Holt remained silent . Then he addressed the jury to the following effect : Gentlemen, I must now relate a particular of my life which very ill suits my present character and the station in which I sit ; but to conceal it would be to aggravate the folly for which I ought to atone, to endanger innocence, and to countenance superstition . This bauble, supposed to have the power of life and death, is a senseless scroll which I wrote with my own hand and gave to this woman, who for no other reason is accused as a witch . Sir John Holt proceeded to relate the particulars with such effect that his .old landlady was the last person tried for witchcraft in that county. Another characteristic story is related of Judge Holt thus :- In the reign of Queen Anne, in 1704, several freemen of the borough of Aylesbury had been refused the liberty of voting at an election for a member of Parliament, though they proved their qualifications as such : the law in this case imposes a fine on the returning officer of £100 for every such offence . On this principle, they applied to Lord Chief Justice Holt, who desired the officer to be arrested. The House of Commons alarmed at this step, made an order of their House to make it penal for either judge, counsel, or attorney to assist at the trial ; however, the Lord Chief Justice and several lawyers were hardy enough to oppose this order, and brought it on in the Court of King s Bench . The House, highly irritated at this contempt of their order, sent a Serjeant-at-Arms for the judge to appear before them ; but that reso- lute defender of the laws bade him, with a voice of authority, begone ; on which they sent a second message by their Speaker, attended by as many members as espoused the measure. After the Speaker had delivered his message, his Lordship replied to him in the following remarkable words :- Go back to your chair, Mr. Speaker, within these five minutes, or you may depend on it I will send you to Newgate : you speak of your authority, but I tell you I 12 sit here as an interpreter of the laws, and a distributor of justice ; and, were the whole House of Commons in your belly, .1 would not stir one foot. The Speaker was prudent enough enough to retire ; and the House was equally prudent to let the affair drop . It may be added that this notable descendant of the Holts of Gristlehurst was married, but had no issue. LECTOR . [161 .] EXTINCT LOCAL INDUSTRIES . (See Nos . 1i 3, 144, 154, and 159 .) The Notes and Queries under the above heading awakened some old memories . I well remember old Abraham Simoock, who, besides glass-blowing, ran the present Auvertiser ,office as a pot-shop . Fifty-five years ago I attended the National day school (now the Post Office), and when a new crate of pots came to Simcock s what fun we had at all-out time with rubbing the girls faces with rough straw taken from the orates . Sometimes Mr. Wolstenholme, the master, caught us at it, and-he was a bachelor tnen living with his parents in Hill-street-with his tongue in his cheek hollered out : Oh! you -cung wretches . Ave, but the girls liked it. That spot was the hub of the world to us young- sters . Old Billy Dykes kept the newspaper shop in a cottage opposite to the schoolyard, who, though he could neither read nor write, was the chief, indeed the only, vendor of newspapers in Heywood, and fetched them from Manchester, wallking all the way there and back . The Manchester papers only came twice a week and cost fivepence halfpenny each delivered . The old whitewashed church then stood in the churchyard ; and Parson Minnitt lived in the nou,se now occupied by Dr. Wisken . The two Misses Gee kept the Royal Oak beerhouse opposite to Simcock s, and I rather fancy it is now the oldest beerhouse in Heywood. Where the fire station is was then John Mills s timber yard, then the chief builder in the town . Where the Independent Chapel is was then a wheelwright s shop, owned by Mr. Chaffer, and known as Chaffer s yard. Old Ned Holllos ran the Ship Inn, then 13 a beerhouse, and also dealt in brass lumps (taken out of coal)-another extinct trade . The Lamb Inn was then a grocer s shop, and where Mr . Taylor s wardrobe shops now are was one of the gas company s gasometers . The local authorities had not then bought the works, and paid £208 each for every £100 share, as they did afterwards. I have got on the ramble, but must get out of York-street . I am obliged to T .M. (154) and should like to have a chat with him . He does not remember anything about candle-making in Hevwood. I do. Mr . Sagar, who then kept the druggist shop now existing at top of Taylor-street, opposite corner to L . and Y. Bank, had a candle-making works close to the Owd Lone pump at Longfield, and we boys used to hang around, and when opportunity offered pinch some resin to rub on our jacket sleeves, which made a cracking noise . Old Billy Wolstenholme looked after the pump, and every family that used it paid twopence per week for the water . Grand water, fresh from the sand hill . No fun now, helping the girls to carry the water home . Longfield then was a far different place from now . January 7th, 1906 . S. H. [162 .] JOHN HIEYWOOD AS A COMPOSER In various accounts of the late John Hey- wood stress is laid upon his ability as a composer . Many of his old friends and pupils will be able to recall examples of his skill in this direction, and I shall be glad to know of such . A friend has kindly reminded me that Mr . Heywood, when living at Caxton Cottage, Hevwood, composed music to the following lines from Pope s Essay on Man :- All nature is but Art unknown to thee ; All chance, direction which thou canst not see ; All discord, harmony not understood ; All partial evil, universal good ; And, spite of pride, in erring reason s spite, One truth is clear, whatever is is right . Perhaps some other correspondent will kindly furnish additional particulars . J. A. GREEN: 14

, riban, Jfiebrunry 2nD, 1906 .

NOTES. [163 .] OBLIGATORY KNIGHTHOOD . By a statute, the date of which is now believed to be the 6th Edward I. [1273] called Statatum de Militibrs, all persons pos- sessing at that time an income of £20 per annum were considered worthy of knighthood, and in the thirteenth and fourteenth een- turies everyone who held a knight s fee of land and was of age was liable to be summoned to accept the order of knighthood or else pay a fine to the King . In the fifteenth century, in the reign of Henry VI ., the annual income of those considered worthy of knighthood was raised to £40 . On important occasions such as coronations, Royal marriages, etc ., it became customary for proclamation to be made that all those persons who were of age and who held one or more knight s fees should take up their knighthood or, in default of so doing, should pay a fine . In process of time the holders of lands ortherwise than by knight s fee were included, so long as they had the requisite annual income . On the coronation of Charles I., 2nd Feb ruary, 1625-6, the usual proclamations were made and a Royal warrant issued to our right, trusty, and well-beloved Counsellor, Sir Thomas Coventrey, Knight, Lord Keeper of our Great Seale of England, commanding him to `.make out writes under our great Seale of England directed to all and every Sheriffe and Sheriffs within our realme of England and dominion of Wales . This proclamation, which was ordered to be read in all counties, gave notice of the King s intention to be crowned, and called upon all men within the jurisdiction of the said Sheriffs, having forty pounds per annum in lands or rent in their own hands, or to their use in their hands of feoffees and having had the same lands or rent for the space of three years to take upon themselves the order of knighthood . In a paper on 15 Obligatory Knighthood temp. Charles I ., printed by the William Salt Archo3ological Society, the writer, Mr. H. S. Glazebrook, says : It cannot be doubted that these proclamations were regarded by the majority of those to whom they were addressed as having no real meaning, and nobody dreamed of de- manding the honour which he was thus invited to obtain . But a few years later the real object of this proclamation was disclosed . A Commission dated 29th May, 1628, was issued to assess the fines of those who had made default ; on January 28th, 1629-30, there was a second Commission to treat and compound with all those who were willing to make fine with the King for their contempt in the premisses, and in July, 1630, step were taken to collect the fines of those who lived in the country . The Commissioners for Lancashire and Cheshire included : William Earl of Derby, James Lord Strange, Richard Viscount Moli- neux, and Ralph Ashton, Baronet . They say ,that these compositions weare made at severall places within the said countio in the mouth of September Anno Septimo Caroli Regis, 1631, and are for the hundrethes of Westderby Leyland Salford and Blackburne the other twoe hundrethes of Amoundernes and Loynsdalo [Lousdale] beinge soe dan- gerously infected with the plague that the Commissioners dun.t not adventuae to call any assemblyes of people togeather or at this tyme medle with the inhabitants of those twoe hundrethes . The list is divided into hundred,, as stated above . That part for the Hundred of Salford was made at Bane the thirteenth daie of September Anne Septimo Caroli Regis, 1631, and contains the following local names .- Richard Holland of Heaton, Gent . x Jordan Chadwicke of Healey, Gent . x Edmund Asshton of Chadderton, Esq . xxv William Bamford of Bamford, Gent . x Edmund Hopwood of Hopwood, Esq . xxv Roberto Heywoode of Heywood, Gent . x Ellize Fletcher of Walmersley, Gent . x 16 The total amount exacted in the Hundred of Sai ford is ;C718 7s. 8d ., and the total for the whole of the four hundreds visited £2,343 . In Nov.?uber, 1631, the Commissioners met to compile the list of defaulters in the Loyns- dale [Lonsdale] and Amondernes [Amounder- ness], and the total collected from these two is £851 13s . 4d. The names of several persons, not previou ly compounded, follow, and include those of £ Edward Stanley, Baronet 1 Raphe Asheton of Midletcn, Esquire xxv The total of the fines levied by the Second Commission is £1,215 . The signatures of the Commissioners are attached to the list from each hundred, and it is worthy of note that the signature of Ralph Assheton of Middleton is written Raphe Asshoton, thus differing from the spelling in the lists [Ralph Ashton and Raphe Assheton .] The above particulars are taken mainly from the List, of the Esquires and Gentlemen in Cheshire and Lancashire who refused the order of Knighthood at the Coronation of Charles I., edited by Mr. J . P . Earwaker, M.A., F .S.A., and published by the Record Society of Lanca- shire and Cheshire . The fees for knighthood at that time were so very much larger than the fines imposed on defaulters (the former being from £60 to £70 and the latter £10 to £25), and at the same time thare was the expense of a long journey to London, and the certainty of much I ay there, to ether with a strong proba- bility of refusal, there can be little doubt that those who were summoned compounded to save further -expense and trouble . A.P.W.

QUERIES. [164 .] PETER HEYWOOD, Gent . During the Civil War Commissioners were appointed by Parliament to fine-and in many cases to take away the estates of-all those gentlemen who in any way assisted the Royalist forces. One Peter Heywood of Hey- wood, described as a gent ., was compounded for Delinquency, de .ertiog his habi- 17 tation, going into the garrisons held against the Parliament, and adhering to those forces . It is recorded that he paid the sums of £60 on August 10th, 1649 ; £341 on March 6th, 1652 ; and on 31st January, 1650, was - per- mitted to enjoy the estate mentioned in this particular annexed, haueing compounded that the same amounting to the sume of three- score pounds. A Petrua Heywood de Heywood, Gent ., is mentioned in the list of freeholders in the Salford Hundred of Lancashire in the year 1600. Could any reader furnish me with further particulars of this Peter Heywood? A.P.W.

Iribap, lebrunrg 16th, ) 906.

` NOTES. [165 .] MRS. SUNDERLAND . The following anecdote of Mrs . Sunder,,and (who has been mentioned as having vi-ited Heywood on one occasion) was related by the late Morgan Brierley of Saddleworth :- Perhaps I may be allowed to relate an anecdote of the late Mrs . Sunderland., a Yorkshire sor:gstreas of well-deserved fame, both in the provinces and in the capital . Going about begging for sixpences and half-crowns, and adding a bit of my own, I got money sufficient to purchase an organ for Lane Bottom Chapel . Mrs . Winterbottom gladly proffered her services for the opening, and pressed me hard to get Mrs . Sunderland to assist her, and Mr . Sam Mellor of Lees Brook-as good a bass singer a ; Lancashire ever produced-and Dick Greaves, the well-known Shaw organist. A written request was of no use, so off I set to Brighouse one day . Although in my young days not clumsy at getting ladies into good humour, I could only get Mrs . S. to the con- oession of saying she would come if I would secure the permission of the authorities of St. Paul s, Huddersfield, where she was then VOL . 2.-Part 14 . 18 engaged on Sundays. There I went, but the old skinflints refused, saying that Mrs . Sun- derland had too often played truant lately . I went back to her pretty little cottage, and, seeing how doleful I was, she took my hand and led me into her . study, kindly remark- ing that she would sing a bit for me in spite of all the churchwardens in England . And she did, the bonnie lady! When the birds, for me, cease to sing, I shall for et that happy day.

QUERIES. [166.] BURY BIBLIOGRAPHY . A pamphlet with the following title was issued some time between 1870-80 :-- A Drama. The Dancing Bear, or, How to pay the rent. (The whole of the scenes being founded on fact .) Price twopence each. Bury : printed and published by J . Welsby, Haymarket .street. Manchester John Heywood . 8vo., pp. 24, printed wrapper . Can anyone tell me the name of the author and the date when the little comedy was published? J. A. GREEN. 114 [167.] ROLAND HEYWOOD . Among the contributors from the Clergy of the Diocese of Chester, 16334 was :- Vicar ffrodsham, Mr . Heywood pd £1 3s . 8d. The objects of this contribution are given on the manuscript as follows : - ffor Repaire of St . pauls in London contribution promised by the ministers of I chester dioces yearly for 3 yeares to con- tinue, viz . : Anna 1634 : 1635 : 1636 : if they live so long incumbents ther. The name appears again in the list of those who paid the 1st Ship Money of the Clergy as V. de ffrodsham, Rowland Heywood, £4 4a . It would appear that he also paid the second Ship Money of the Clergy of the county of 19 Chester, 1636, for under the heading Pfrod sham Deanery is written R. ffrodesham. Mr . Heywood. £1 15s . 5d. The contribution to the King for the warres against the Scots made by the L : Bp, Dean and Chapter and Clergy of the Chester diocese, anno 1639, furnishes still another mention . Under Ffrodsham Deanery is V. ffrodsham . Roland haywood £3 Os . Od . I should imagine from the entry in the list of those who paid A subsidy from the clergy, ffrodsham Deanery, 1624, that it was about that year when Roland Heywood became vicar of Frrodsham . The entry is as follows : - V. frodsham . Vic : Roland Haywood post Bickerton, £4 4s . Od . The name Bickerton has been crossed out and that of Roland Heywood substituted . 1v as this Roland (Rowland) Heywood (Hay wood), a relative of any Heywood family, or a Heywood man himself P I should very much like to know. A. P. W. [168 .] SAND OR BOND KNOCKERS. The business of sand or sond knocker was a very common one before the Lancashire housewife became so well-off that she now covers her floor with a neat carpet or linoleum, whereas aforetime she used to sprinkle a handful of fine gritty stand over the well-scrubbed flags . There used to be some curious characters engaged in this business who travelled through the neighbouring towns selling the sand to small shopkeepers . Some have been celebrated in dialect stories . One of the best of these is entitled :- Sam Sondnokkur s ryde fro Ratchda to Manchistur : iz vizit to Manchestur Mekaniks Hinstitution Sho ; wi o full okeawnt a wot bee seed un wheer hee went, wi o iz adventurs . Bi Sam Iz Sel. Price twopenee . Manchester : John Heywood. [1857 .] 8vo,. pp. 24 . Printed wrapper, with view of Manchester Mechanics Insti- tution. 20 This amusing skit was written by the late John Petrie. It first appeared in the Roeh- ,ale Standard in 1856, and afterwards was very popular when issued in pamphlet form . It relates the adventures of a sandknocker from Smobridge [Smallbridge], a place which until recently was noted in this business . Can anyone tell whether this also may be named among the extinct local industries? J. A. GREEx.

, frxbau, lebrurg 23rb, 1906.

NOTES. [169 .] DESCRIPTIONS OF HEYWOOD AND THE VICINITY .-I . The following is the first of a series of descriptions of Heywood and neighbourhood extracted from various authors . Interesting selections from the writings of Edward Baines, Edwin Butterworth, Samuel Bamford, Edwin Waugh, and others will be offer : d. ` Heywood-it-Heap, an extensive village and chapelry in Bury parish, county of Lancaster . Living a curacy in the archd . and dio . of Chester, returned at £111 10s . and endowed with £2,200 . Patron, the Rev. G. Hornby. The district of Heap extend : along the south and east banks of the small river Roch, which wanders through a romantic woody glen, orna- mented by many gentlemen s seats, enlico- print and paper-works, and large cotton mills, the southern part of the township is entirely agricultural, being inhabited by farmers, while the northern or more unlevel portion is covered by wide stretching populous manufacturing village of Heywood, reaching above a mile in length east and west, forming a regular street an the Rochdale and Bury roads, which towns are both equi-distant from this place . The cotton manufacture is the staple trade ; the village being situated within eight miles of Manchester and plentifully sup- plied with coal from the numerous pits in the neighbourhood . There are twenty or 2 1

more steam engines employed in moving machinery, and manufacturing power-loom, and woollen cloth, spinning fine cotton, making paper, and constructing wheels . There are no fairs held here, nor a regular market w; except Saturdays, but there is an annual festival . The government of the place is en- trusted to the churchwardens and constables of Heap . Here is a post office, newsroom, and assembly room . Thirty or forty years ago this now extensive town was a mere country hamlet, known only for its chapel, which was erected prior to the Restoration . Adjoining the churchyard is a national school, erected by the wealthy inhabitants of the township in 1815, where a large number of poor children are educated by subscription . The Independents, the Methodists, and the fol- lowers of Emmanuel Swedenborg, have each a neat place of worship in the village, all of them erected within a few late years . The commanding shtuation of Heywood affords several fine prospects of the hills to the north and the rich valley in front, disclosing Hey- wood Hall, a rural edifice amongst trees, lately the seat of James Starkie, Esq ., formerly the residence of the Heywood family, one of whom, Peter Heywood, was the first person that seized Guy Fawkes when he was proceeding to blow up the Paiiliament House. Whittle-in-Heap is a secluded village to the south of Heywood . Heap Bridge is a populous hamlet to the west, and Hooley Bridge, a similar place, lies to the north . Distance from Bury 3 miles E. by S . The population of Heap, according to the last census, is 10,429 .-Copied from A New and Compre- hensive Gazetteer of England, Wales, etc . Edited by James Bell . Glasgow : Fullarton and Company, 1833 . J . L . [170.] LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS TO ST . LUKE S REBUILDING FUND . (This very interesting list of subscribers to the rebuilding fund was given to the writer by a Manchester bookseller . The list will be given in full as in the original . It contains several important items showing the amounts 22 given by the principal donors, and also promises for six bells . The list further shows the great interest taken by the workpeople of 1 Heywood in the project, and it is altogether a valuable document in the history of St . Luke s . Of the twenty-three persons forming the committee only two are still living .) REBUILDING OF ST . LUKE S CHURCH, HEYWOOD . A, Chairman of ithe Committee The Rev . Julius Shadwell, Incumbent . Treasurer : Mr . Samuel Smith . Secretary I Mr . John James Mellor . Committee Rev. Julius Shadwell, Rev . E. J . Hornby, Messrs . Joseph Fenton (Bamford Hall), Richard Kay, Robert Kershaw, Robert Clegg, William Clegg, John Turner, John James Mellor, John Hargreaves, Jacob Chadwick, Jesse Leach, William Hartley, Junr ., William Holland, Joseph Jameson, Samuel Smith, John Crabtree, William Smith, Mark Smith, Abraham Stout, Richard Batterdby, Silvester Litton, and Thomas Crabtree . The rebuilding of St . Luke s Church, Hey- wood, having been for many years a matter of acknowledged necessity, a public meeting was held on the 25th of October, 1858, when a committee was appointed and the following re.olutions were passed :- (1)-That the present church is utterly inadequate to the wants of the people, and ought to be replaced as speedily as possible by a building much superior both in size and construction . (2)-That the present site is that best adapted for the future church . In accordance with these and other resolu- tions the committee engaged the services of Mr . Joseph Clarke, a London architect of high standing, and have received subscriptions, 23 which (exclusive of promises made for bells), amount at the present time to £7,887 16s . 6,-d. The church, as designed by Mr . Clarke, is in the decorated style of Gothic architecture ; and whilst affording ample space for 1,012 adults, will contain a mixed congregation of not less ithan 1,200 persons. It is estimated that the contract price for R the church will be £8,000 or thereabouts ; but as this sum will not provide for the architect s commission, the charge for a faculty, the erection of organ and clock, the rebuilding or - 0 1 repair of boundary walls, or for any unfore- seen contingency, it is evident that a considerable sum beyond that already subscribed will be required for the completion of the work in a substantial and satisfactory way . The committee cannot calculate the total outlay in connection with the rebuilding of St. r Luke s at less than £10,000, not including the 1 cost of bells . They have therefore to meet an estimated deficiency of somewhat more than £2,000 . They trust that under these circumstances all persons who may have an interest in the work, but who have not yet declared their subscriptions, will do so at their earliest convenience-it being of the first importance that the committee should ascertain as nearly and speedily as possible the exact amount of funds to be placed by the public at their disposal . It only remains for the committee to remind subscribers to the St . Luke s Rebuilding Fund that as the period for commencing active operations is fast approaching, it is desirable that their promised payments should be made at their earliest convenience . Subscribtions to the fund may be paid either at once in full, or by two or more instalments, and will be thankfully received by members of the committee, who will hand over the same to the treasurer . Signed by order of the committee, JULSUS SHA,DZVELL, Chairman .

1 24 J riba , 4 arch 2tth, 1906 .

NOTES. [171 . LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS TO ST. LUKE S REBUILDING FUND . Subscriptions already announced:- 2 s. d . - Rev William Hornby 500 0 0 Mr Joseph Fenton 500 0 0 and a BELL Messrs Wm. Smith and Bros 500 0 0 a:nd a BELL Workpeople of Messrs Wm . Smith and Brothers, Sun Iron Works-a BELL Mr Robert Kay 500 0 0 - Richard Kay 500 0 0 Mrs Kershaw and Sons 500 0 0 Collected in St . Luke s Sunday Schools 464 13 6* Mr. John Hargreaves 350 0 0 and a BELL Messrs H . & J . Chadwick and Co . . . 300 0 0 Messrs Win . Hartley and Sons 300 0 0 Mr Samuel Smith 300 0 0 Mrs Fenton, (Bamford Hall) 200 0 0 Mr William Clegg 150 0 0 - Robert Clegg 150 0 0 - Thomas Clegg 100 0 0 - John Crabtree 131 5 0 - Thomas Crabtree 100 0 0 - Jesse Leach 100 0 0 and a BELL Rev Julius Shadwell 100 0 0 Mrs Shadwell 10 0 0 Mr William Holland 100 0 0 Mr John James Mellor 100 0 0 Messrs Langton 100 0 0 Mrs Briggs 100 0 0 Mr Thomas Wolstenholme 50 0 0 - J . B . Jameson 50 0 0 - Joseph Jameson 50 0 - Richard Battersby 50 0 - James Diggle 25 0 - George Dewhurst 15 0 - John Kershaw 10 0 Messrs Edwin Crabtree & Co 10 0 Mr John Leach 10 0 - John Chadwick 10 0 - Russell 10 0 - Edwin Buckley 10 0 - James i ilkmgton 10 0 - Jesse Cheetham 10 0 Mrs Rigby s 0 Mr Mark Heywood 5 0 - Daniel Brayshaw 5 0 - Joseph Schofield 5 0 0 - JOhn Coupc 5 0 0 Miss Mary Walsh 5 0 0 25 £ s. d. Mr John Turner, Bamford-rd 5 0 0 - R illiam Pollitt 5 0 0 - Robert Leach 5 0 0 - Joseph Astin 5 o o 6 - Thomas Nuttall 2 15 0 - Joseph Diggle 2 2 0 - Williams 2 2 0 f Mr John C . Oldham 2 2 0 1 - John Kay 1 1 0 Messrs S . Litton and Sons 100 0 0 Mrs Walker 15 0 0 Mr John Wood 10 o 0 - Robert Williams 1 1 0 Mrs Shepherd 20 0 0 Mr Thomas Hill so o 0 - Knight 5 0 0 Two Friends 5 0 0 Mr Thos. Whalley, Manchester 5 0 0 - Ralph Gee 20 0 0 - Abraham Mills 0 10 0 Mrs or Miss Mary Gee 1 1 0 Mr James Warburton 0 5 0 - William Greenhalgh 10 0 0 Miss Ashton 0 2 6 Mr Hugh Taylor 0 5 0 - Thomas Schofield 5 0 0 - Samuel Schofield 5 0 0 Maria Chadwick 1 0 0 Mr Robert Gee 0 10 0 - Thomaa Burchall 0 5 0 - John Hardnian 2 2 0 Mrs Butterworth o io 0 Mr Thomas Butterworth 5 0 0 Mrs Barlow 5 0 0 Mr B . Cropper 0 5 0 - Edmund Rhodes 1 0 0 - John Holden 0 5 0 Betty Horrox . . 0 5 0 Messrs Spencer and Co 5 0 0 Mr Robert Aspinall 0 10 0 - Horrox 4i olstenholme 0 10 0 - Peter Dale 1 0 0 - Andrew Shaw 2 0 0 - William Beckett 5 0 0 Miss Spivey 1 1 0 Mr T . S . Rayner 10 10 0 - George Holt 1 0 0 - John Siddall 5 0 0 Mrs Hanson 1 5 0 - Pickup 10 0 0 - Mary Robinson 0 5 0 Messrs M . & D . Glazebreok 10 10 0 Mr Edward Howarth 1 0 0 - Andrew Chadwick 1 1 0 - James Jackson 1 1 0 Mrs Townrow 1 0 0 Mr Charles Turner 5 0 0 - James Greenhalgh 0 3 0 - Richard Gorton 10 0 0 - Jacob Smith 1 1 0 - John Fenton 0 5 0 - Thomas Fenton 2 2 0 - :loses Ashton 2 0 0 - William Todd . . . . 10 0 0 Messrs Joseph Nall and Co 5 0 0 A Friend 10 0 0

I 26 £ s. d . A Friend 5 0 0 A Friend 1 0 0 Mr Abraham Stott 200 0 0 a and a BELL Mrs Howard 1 1 0 Mr John Jenkinson 0 5 0 Miss Holland 1 1 0 Mr Abraham Collings 10 0 0 Messrs Norris Brothers 50 0 0 Mr Samuel Booth 4 0 0 - William Pilkington 2 0 0 - Edmund Lord 3 0 0 - Thomas Booth 3 0 0 - J . R . Richardson 2 0 0 - Thomas Gee 1 0 0 Mrs Ashton 1 0 0 Mr Peter Dewsbury 5 0 0 - James Ogden 10 0 0 - James Aspinall 2 0 0 - John Butterworth 0 10 0 4 Mary Ogden 5 0 0 Mr James Livsey 10 0 0 - Tames Greenhalgh 10 0 0 - Hilton Greaves 5 0 0 - John Brierley 1 0 0 - Samuel Entwistle 0 10 6 - Samuel Ogden 2 0 0 - Job Leach 0 11 0 Mrs Thomas Schofield 0 5 0 Mr Job Leach 0 10 0 0 1 0 -Dan Travis A - W. S . Sanders 0 0 6 - Robert Faulkner 0 10 0 - Henry Thorp 5 0 0 Ruth Turner 0 5 0 A Friend 20 0 0 Messrs A. Watkin and Son 20 0 0 Mrs Edward W . Watkin 5 0 0 A Friend 10 0 0 Mr Thomas Battersby 20 0 Messrs James Clegg and Co 5 5 M : Eli Whitely 2 2 S . and Co 10 0 A friend 1 0 Mr James Howarth 0 10 - James Wild 5 0 - Joseph Partington 5 0 - Edward Brierley 1 1 0 Mrs Thomas Schofield 1 0 0 Mr John Butterworth 3 0 0 - Robert Whitworth 0 10 0 - Jonathan Lee 5 0 0 - James Ashworth 0 5 0 Ann Lee 0 10 0 Mr William Wescoe 5 0 0 - George Vickers 1 1 0 - Abraham Clegg 0 5 0 - Joseph Foster 2 2 0 - Robert Livsey 0 10 0 Miss Taylor 1 10 0 Mr Eubank 5 0 0 Mrs S . Hardman 5 0 0 Mr James Millett 5 0 0 A Friend 1 1 0 A Friend 6 0 0 Mr James Chadwick 25 0 0

I 27 £ s . d . Mr. Thomas Chadwick 25 0 0 - William Chadwick 25 0 0 - Samuel Taylor 25 0 0 Messrs John Baron and Co 30 0 0 Mr Robert Horrox 1 1 0 Mrs Porcher 5 0 0 Miss M . J . Keate 3 0 0 Messrs Mellor, Cunningham, and Powell 10 0 0 Mr James Whitworth 1 1 0 - James Kenyon 50 0 0 - Samuel Moscrop 5 0 0 - John Howarth 5 0 0 Miss Smethurst 5 0 0 -A . Mason 5 0 0 - Ann Gee 20 0 0 Mr James Fitton 5 0 0 - John Schofield 1 11 6 - Jeffrey Hoyle 1 0 0 - Henry Farrar 1 0 0 - Robert Frankland 1 1 0 11 - John Thomas Wilson 5 0 0 William Booth 5 0 0 Mary Aspinall 30 0 0 Mr E . G . Hopwoo 50 0 0 Messrs J . and W . Whitehead 10 0 0 Mr Lawrence Hall 5 0 0 Messrs Whittaker and Milner 2 2 0 A Friend 4 0 0 Mrs Alice Royds 1 10 0 Mr William Hall 5 0 0 Miss Atherton 10 0 0 Mr T. W . Lloyd 10 0 0 - Thomas Barlow 10 0 0 - James Taylor 2 2 0 - John Holt 2 0 0 - C . Hodgkinson 1 0 0 - Richard Clegg 25 0 0 I -- Squire Diggle 5 0 0 - William Hanson (for a bell) with £10 additional when he hears the first peal 10 0 0 Workpeople of Messrs . Kershaw, a BELL . Mr Adam Partington 10 0 0 - Edmund Ridings 10 0 0 - John Barratt 0 2 6 - Adam Grindrod 0 2 6 - Edmund Whittaker 0 10 0 - Samuel Ogden 0 5 0 - Edmund Horrocks 0 5 0 - William Hope 1 6 0 - Ellis Tattersfield 0 5 0 Miss Patience Rhodes 1 0 0 Mrs J . Bates 0 13 0 Mr Henry Street 0 10 0 - Joseph M oore 1 6 0 - U . Collinge 1 0 0 - James Entwistle 1 6 0 - Isaac Whatmough 5 5 0 William Greenhalgh 2 12 0 - Edmund Greenhalgh 1 6 0 - Benjamin Greenhalgh 1 0 0 - James Horrocks 0 3 6 James Lawton 1 1 0 - Thomas Farrow 0 2 6 - Thomas Spencer 0 8 8 I

28 £ s. d. Mr. William Chew 1 1 0 Mrs Alderson 0 13 0 Mrs Hanson 1 0 0 I Miss Ellen Howarth 5 5 0 Mr Joseph Horrox 1 6 0 Miss Sarah Brooks 1 6 0 Mr James Chadwick 0 10 0 - Thomas Pomfret 1 1 0 - Abraham Dawson 1 12 0 - John Beardsworth 1 6 0 - Thomas Ashton 0 8 8 Mr Edward Crabtree 0 13 0 Mrs Mary Townrow 4 5 0 Mr Thomas Chadwick 0 4 4 Miss Mary Fletcher 0 8 8 Mr James Wild 0 13 0 - Thomas Slater 1 6 0 - Robert Wolstenholme 1 1 0 - James Ashton 0 13 0 - Richard Turner 0 5 0 - Duerr 0 8 8 - David Crabtree 1 6 0 - Robert Diggle 0 5 0 - John Ashton 0 5 0 - Thomas Stansfield 0 5 0 - James Pilkington 0 10 0 - John Wolstenholme 0 5 0 - Alexander Black 0 8 8 - William Schofield 0 5 0 t Miss Sarah Jacques 0 13 0 Mr John Hanier 0 10 0 - James Hall 0 13 0 - Robert Pendlebury 0 13 0 - James Ratcliffe 0 4 4 - John Mawson 0 8 8 - Abraham Stansfield 0 17 4 - William Belshaw 0 13 6 - James Howard 1 6 0 - James Mills 1 0 0 Miss Eliza Gee 5 5 0 Alice Schofield 0 0 6 - William Oldfield 0 10 0 - Thomas Lewis 0 5 0 - James Holt 0 10 0 Total £7887 16 6j

1 29 .Jfriaip, Aarch 9th, 1906 .

NOTES. [172 .] SMETHURST HALL . A friend has asked me to state through the medium of Notes and Queries what I know about Smethurst Hall . It is the first farm- house-on the south side of Rochdale Old Road-past the Bury Union Workhou-e, and the land in connection with the farm extends to the Heywood boundary in the Roach A valley . What I know on the subject is very little, but it may be information to same of N your readers . Of Smethurst Hall in the beginning I know nothing . Presumably it was built by a gentleman whose surname is given to the hall, the Smethursts being a very old South-East Lan- cashire family. In the reign of Queen Eliza- beth, however, the hall had come into the occupation-and probably the ownership--of the Meadowcrofts, a family which rnultinlied greatly, with branches centuries ago in various parts of the tow-rishipa of Bury, Heap, Bam- ford, etc. The early Meadowcrofts of Smethurst Hall ranked as gentlemen . The will of Richard Meadowcroft, of that place, was proved in 1581 . His widow was buried at Middleton Church on May 7th, 1599 . Francis _Meadowcroft of Smethurst Hall was buried at the same church on April 3rd, 1616 ; his wife on Septeimber 27th, 1614 . In Oug- dale s Visitation the pedigree of the family begins with Richard Medowcroft of Smethurst and his wife Jan daughter and co-heir of Gyles Aynesworth of Ayneswort-h --this Giles Ainsworth, I bel eve, being in - .e maternal line an ancestor of the late member for the Heywood Division, Colonel George Kemp . The Richard Meadowcroft mentioned by Dugd,ale, who gives the year of death as 166), would no doubt be identical with the gentleman of that name who was buried (from Smethurst Hall) at Middleton Church on Onto , r ber 23rd, 1661 . Richard Meadowcroft-whose has also accounted -

30 arms are described by Dugdale as Argent, on a saltire, sable, five fleurs-de-lis of the first -had half-a-dozen sons and three daughters. One of the daughters, Dorothy, married John Brearcliffe (or Brearcliffe) of Halifax, and they had a son, Thomas Brearcliffe, who married Sarah Bvrom, a sister of the famous John Byrom of Manchester . The eldest of Richard Meadowcroft s eons was ale named Richard, who was 62 years of age at the time of Dug- dales Visitation (1664 .) The last-named Richard married Jane, daughter of James Lever of Daroy Lever, and had four sons and seven daughters, the eldest son (again Richard) being 30 years old at the time of, the Visitation . k After the Meadowcrofts, Smethurst Hall was occupied for many years by a family named Taylor. There was a John Taylor of Smethurst Hall, who died in 1758, two years after carrying out some structural alteration or restoration, which he signalised with the following inscription on a doorhead stone (the letters signifying John and Mary, or Mar- garet, Taylor) T I M 1756. There is very little left of the original hall, and time s effacing finger for the part which John Taylor took in hand -now covored by a substantial hen e which was erected some eighteen or twenty years ago . But his memorial doorhead stone is pre- served, having been fixed over a doorway inside the barn . The farm., I understand, belongs to Mr . Edmund Milnes, and for the T last six years or so it has been occupied by Mr. John Ryding . LECTOR. [173.] WILLIAM FITHIAN, BOOKSELLER . The following account of an incident m the career of the late Wiiliani Fithian was written seme years ago by the veteran author, Mr . Joseph Johnson of Douglas, Isle of Man :- M Mr. William Fithian was at one time a

I 81 bookseller in Heywood . The shop which he owned in that town was a branch shop ; his chief business was in Shudehill, Manchester, 1 which he carried on for a number of years . The Ileywood business was not very successful, and after a few months was relinquished . 41 I remember being employed to dispose of the 11 stock by auction . One fine summer s evening, a Saturday, was selected for the sale, as the workpeople on that day were supposed to have some spare cash in their pockets, and might be induced to spend a little of it on books . On arriving in Heywood I found the shop was in aside street, not at all likely to attract a crowd . At the time announced for the beginning of the sale no buyers turned up . It was soon evident that on that evening no sale would be held in the shop . As the people would not come to the shop it was resolved that the shop, or at least its contents, should go to the people. A stall was rigged up in the Market Place and covered with books, in 1 the centre of which I stood, and was soon busy knocking them down to the highest bidder. In the midst of what promised to be a good sale a pretentious vehicle passed through the market . It was driven by a man who certainly was got up regardless of expense . He was dressed in a suit of faultless black, gloves, white choker, and a shining hat . In the back seat sat his servant, a negro, in plush breeches, white stockings, and the usual bedizenments that, decorate the flu,nkevs of May Fair . The horse, a magnificent animal, was decorated with a set of silver-plated har- ness, which shone in the sun like gold . Who is that? I asked . 0b., said Fithian, that is the Quack Doctor ; we shall sell no more ; all the people will go to hear him . So far as the people going Fithian was right, as I was presently left alone in the midst of the books . Not caring for this ignoble ending of the sale I cast about for the means of assisting the Quack-as he had assisted us . Observing a tub near the stall I had it removed to within a yard of the Doctor s car- riage, and I mounted on the top of it . The 11 32 Doctor was evidently taken aback with the proceeding, and ceased his operations until he learned the intention of the man on the tub, who began an address to the crowd with the words : What is the great want of the age :? Common sense ; anct then followed a popular description of the several organs of the body, their wants and purposes, ending with the ap- plication that a man who professed to make and sell a box of pills for twopenee which would cure all diseases was either a knave or a fool, and that they certainly were fools who believed him and bought his pills, which doubtless were innocent of any substance other than mottled soap. What, I asked, is the . remedy for this class of imposition ?-Know- ledge-tbe dispersion of ignorance. How is it to be obtained? By reading books . Where are they to be gof ? At the book auction which I am about to re-commence, and which I would recommend you to attend . A general and immediate move was made, leav- 1 ing the Doctor, who had not uttered a word, alone in his glory . Shortly afterwards he drove away minus the bucketful of copper he was accustomea to carry away as the result of selling his pills-and the people . Before 1 leaving he dolorously complained to a neighbouring stallkee,er that the book auctioneer had no need to spoil his pitch ; and that he would have shared the bunte with him . Mr. Fithian ultimately left Manchester, and . was employed by the united Kingdom Alli- ance in London, where his son completed his law studies and was called to the Bar, and where he is now a practising barrister .

To the above may be added- that Mr . William Fithian died in 1894 . He is the hero of the story quoted at No . 65 of our Notes and Queries . His son, who was born in Hey- wood, is now Sir Edward W . Fithian, a short account of whose career was given at No . 83 . 33

-fribtg, march 30th, 1906 .

NOTES. [174.] DESCRIPTIONS OF HIYYWOOD AND THE VICINITY.-H. HEYWOOD IN 1841-2 ; BY SAM . BAMFORD . The following account of the state of Hey- wood in 1841-2 is extracted from Walks in South Lancashire, and on its borders, with letters, descriptions, narratives, and observations, current and incidental . By Samuel Bamford . 1844. [J . Heywood, printer, Hey- wood] :- Hevwood is a large and modern village, in the township of Heap, the parish of Bury, the magisterial division of Middleton, and about eight miles north-west of Manchester . The township is near two miles in length, one and a half in breadth, and comprises about two thousand two hundred and forty statute acres . It, is bounded on the north by the township of Birkle-cum-Bamford, on the south by those of Pilsworth and Unsworth, on the west by that of Bury, and on the east by the townships of Castleton and Hopwood. Heywood has but recently come info note as one of the largest and most populous villages in the county of Lancaster ; for which advancement it is in- debted to the mines of excellent coal in the townships of Bamford and Hopwood, and to its industry in the production of manufactures. Forty-five years ago there was not probably a foundry, a machine-maker s shop, nor a cotton factory in the places that of Makin Mill (commenced by old Sir Robert Peel) excepted . It was then inhabited by a few hundreds of handloom fustian weavers and manufacturers it has now the appearance of a busy and popu- logs manufacturin€ town, having several cattle fairs yearly, but no market. The number of houses, according to the last census return, is two thousand nine hundred and fifty-two, viz : occupied, two thousand six hundred and ninety-one ; empty, two hundred and fifty- VoL. 2.-Part 15. 34 nine ; and in building, two . The number of cotton factories and of woollen and falling mills is, according to the same return, f-rty- ane-of which thirty-one are at present work . ing full time, three are working four days a week, and seven are standing unemployed . The amount of population in the township is fourteen thousand eight hundred and forty- seven, viz . : seven thousand and seventy-one males, and seven thousand seven hundred and seventy-six females . From enquiries and observations made by the writer on the spot, it would seem thatt tue working classes in the township of Heap, and those in the village of Heywood in particular, are by no means in so destitute a condition as the operatives of other districts are currently represented to be . Here (at Heywood) a public officer states, That the rates are certainly somewhat difficult to collect, but that the poor are not yet in that low, starving condition of which so much is heard at other places ; that a new rate of one thousand five hundred and fifty-four pounds has been laid, and it must be collected by the twenty-fifth of March, 1842 ; that there are no arrears of rate, for the churchwardens and had over- sers will not allow a new rate until the old one has been collected or accounted for ; and that about• seventy persons only have been summoned for rates during the year, and those were cases arising as much from a spirit of reluctance as inability to pay . The system of the collector of rates in this township deserves notice, and is worthy of imitation. He calls on the working people on Saturdays after they have received their wages, and before they are entirely disbursed ; and be generally receives a trifle, more or less, towards keeping them clear in the book . Shopkeepers and other tradesmen he makes aa point to call upon on Tuesdays ; and the large ratepayers, the manufacturers and landowners, on Wednesdays . And thus, by an undeviating method, affording the poor opportunities to pay when they have money, he keeps his book clear ; and at the close of the year he can say, There are no arrears of rates . 35 Most of the manufacturers pay their workpeople fortnightly ; one or two pay weekly ; and at one mill it is found more convenient to pay for the work on the same day on which it is finished . From the -information the writer received he would suppose the overage earnings of cardroom hands to be seven shillings weekly ; those of piecers, at six to eight shillings ; those of weavers, from nine to twelve shillings, according to their number of looms ; and those of spinners, at twenty shillings clear ; supposing all to be working full time. Ono manufacturer, a most respectable referee, supposed the average weekly earnings of the whole of hi, hands (and he employed eight hundred) one with another, would he twelve shillings a week ; at a rough guess he calculated that the average weekly earnings of the factory population of the township, when in work, would be about ten shillings per head per week ; but if we suppose nine shillings, we shall be pretty safely within the mark. It is only recently that the three mills working short time have, commenced doing so . One of them is in the twist line only, and another is in the manufacture of light cloths . It .s probable that three out of every four lbs . of cotton brought to Heywood are made into fustians, which is a branch of manufacture which has felt less of the depression of trade than, perhaps, has any other of the cotton fabric ; three-fourths of the hands have, therefore, with slight interruptions, been kept at work, and, as was observed by one party, so long ay a family are in employment they know little of distress . The workers, observed the same person, have not yet begun to feel the pressure of actual distress ; the shopkeepers and others of the middle class are more embarrassed ; and, next to them, are the manufacturers, whose credit and capital are at stake ; many of these classes are in reality distressed ; for though they do not experience want of necessaries, they feel distressed by the badness of trade and the consequent involve- ment of their money transactions . Most of the shopkeepers, it was stated, sold their goods 36 on credit, and took pay by instalments ; when a family was thrown out of employment, or partially so, the payments would cease unless work was again obtained speedily. In that case the debt would be worth very little, factory hands being in the habit of removing to other places, and their habitations being rarely so well furnished as those of operatives working at their own houses . A person, well acquainted with the condition of the operatives, informed the writer that many of those out of work were in a most distressed condition, both as it regarded their_ food, clothing, and bedding ; and, that so numerous were the applications for relief at the residence of a wealthy and benevolent tradesman, that the lady of the house was quite at a less how to comply with their soli- citations . A schoolmaster said his receipts I this year had been so much as fifteen shilling per week less than the year previous . lie described the condition of his neighbours as very bad ; he had from sixty to seventy very fine children of both sexes in the school, all of whom were, no less than well dressed, very cleanly in their apparel, and, with one or two exceptions, healthy in their looks ; and, without doubt, well fed . On this being remarked, he said they were mostly the children of persons above the common level of working men, such as book-keepers, overlookers, and the better sort of workmen. The children of another school were, however, going to dinner soon after, and the writer observed that they were about as good-looking as those he had just left . The habitations of the factory hands were of a slighter build than those which the writer had noticed at Crompton and Oldham ; they seemed to have been run up quickly, and for present need almost ; they were not in general so well finished in the interior . In one of these houses a working family were just finish- ing their dinner of butcher s meat and pota- toes . They all seemed to be in good health, ,fw - well clothed, and cleanly, and two good-looking young girls were in robust health . The floors were clean, the walls white, and the 37 housewife had gottei her week s clothes well washed and hung to dry on lines across the house . They gave the same account of the condition of the unemployed, as well as the short-time workers, which others had done, saying they were very much distressed, and many families were actually starving . Their own condition, they candidly acknowledged, was much better . They were five of a family, C and three were workers . One of the daugh •, ters earned eight shillings a week at a carding frame, and s nother daughter and the father got seven shillings a week each at steam weaving. Out of this they paid one shilling and a penny per week for coal, two shillings and sixpence for rent ; and soap and candles could not be less than ninepence per week, so they would have four shillings and four- pence to pay for these extras, leaving them seventeen shillings and eightpence for meat I and clothing . This may be considered a fair account so far as they were concerned ; but it must be remarked that the two weavers were working short tine. Perhaps the best opportunity of noticing a mixed crowd of factory hands is at noon, when they are going from, or returning to, their employ . The latter was the case in the present instance, and tae writer does say, that, at Heywood, he was both surprised and pleased on beholding the hands, of all descriptions, going along the main street in cheerfulness and civility . He recollects a time when such would hardly have, been the case. The youn lads were, moreover, cleanly and well clad ; there was not a ragged jacket in the whole lot, and they all wore good warm wooden clogs . The girls were as well dressed and as cleanly, or more so, if it were possible . There was not a torn petticoat nor gown to be seen (for they all wore gowns) nor one dim or sluttish . All were neat and becoming. It was raining smartly at the time, and the girls, in consequence, were all covered, either with stout cotton napkins tied round their heads, or with good woollen shawls, or else they carried um- to brellas, and not one of these latter were either broken or shabby. A very pleasing and be- 38 coining pride, the pride of decency, appeared to be commonly felt and acted upon by the young people of both sexes . So much for the factory working population . Blacksmiths were earning twenty-four shillings per week when at full work, but many were working short time . A master, however, allowed that there were other places at which the smith trade was doing worse . Moulders in iron works were getting their i usual wages of thirty shillings a week, when doing full time ; mechanics, turners, and filers would have twenty-four shillings, but all these branches were often on short time . Fustian cutters, of whom a considerable number reside in one part of the village (Goodwin Lane) were all doing very well ; many of them would pro . bably earn their fifteen shillings a week regu- larly, and some of them so much as twenty shillings . On the whole we may conclude that, as at 1 other places, those of the population only are distressed who are in want of employment, and, according to the estimate of an intelligent person, they were here about one-sixth of the whole number . Nor were all such in the extremity of destitution, but some were much better, some much worse off, than were the bulk of those out of employ . Of the number 4 of factory hands there was not any account in the town, and, therefore, for the present, the number out of employ, or partially so, can only be approached by a guess which, in the absence of sufficient data, it were best to decline.

4- E

1 39 ,fxibap, A pril 61h, 1906.

NOTES. [175 .1 DESCRIPTIONS OF HEYWOOD AND THE VICINITY .-II . (CONTINUED .) P HEYWOOD IN 1841-a ; BY SAM BAMFORD . The slight sketch only which, owing to boisterous and excessively wet weather, I was enabled in my last communication to give of the important village of Heywood, left me ample room, as I considered, for further and more particular observations, and the result -of these observations I now proceed to state . Having a wish to visit Makeant Mill (not Makin, as spelled at page eighty), I turned off to the right of Wrigley Brook, and traversed a good cindered road for probably about half- a-mile, away from . the gloom and smoke, and right out into the open fields . On my left were retired winding paths along the bottoms and declivities of what, in spring time, are beautiful and verdant slopes, each with its rill of clear water hurrying to join the stream of the Roch which floats, as yet unseen, though we are within a few yards of its margin . In advance of us is a fold of houses, built somewhat in the form of a triangle ; and just before we arrive at these we shall probably feel surprise at beholding on our left the black top of a square funnel or factory chimney, thrusting itself, as it were, out of the ground, and within a few yards of our I. track . That was the top of the chimney at Makea-nt Mill . Of the mill itself we have, as yet, seep_ nothing, nor much of the land beyond, save some young woods on a sloping bank, and some tenter grounds with white flannels drying in the wind . The place where the houses we have mentioned are situated is called Back-o th -Moss, and the houses themselves were the habitations of persons working at Make ant Mill. A house of superior appearance marks the resi, .ence of the manager of the works . The houses of the workers seem 40 to have been built a considerable time ; they were probably erected when the mill was enlarged and first became a cotton factory . The interior appearance of some which I entered hardly bespoke so much of comfort, nor so good a system of housewifery, as many I had noticed in Heywood . But much allowance must, in such cases, be made for circumstances -for poverty and mental and bodily depression . These poor people, I understood, had, during several previous years, been sadly distressed for want of work, and had also much to complain of with respect to the absence of moral and social comforts . They were now differently circumstanced, and were beginning to reap the advantages of improved management. A little further than these houses is a row of good-looking modern cottages, including a provision shop and a public-house . Turning to the left at the top of this triam gular fold we come, after advancing a few yards, within view of the valley and stream of the Itoch, which here, after bending to receive the waters of the little brook Nadin (No-din, or silent water), pursues its course between the woods of Birkle and the steep and less wooded banks of Heap . After taking a glance at this fine, deep, and silent valley, with its lonely cottage at the bottom and its broad straight stream gliding down, one is little prepared for any other objects save those of wild and unadorned nature ; but one turn off the eye towards the left, and downwards, brings within our ken the roof of an irregular building, evidently a manufactory from its chimney, and the form and arrangement of many windows. We descend then rapidly a ,, good cindered cart road ; an old woman in a cottage directs us to the counting-house where, if the gentleman, Mr . Olemishaw, who has had the management about eighteen months, be within, we shall receive any information which might to be asked respecting the present state of the operatives, the nature of their employment, and the amount of their remuneration . I walked through every room of this mill, and I do say that for cleanliness. good air, and the comfortable -appearance of 41 the worker,-,, I never saw anything that ex- ceeded it. It is a throstle spinning establishment, and employs about one hundred and eighty hands. The boys of thirteen or fourteen years of age were decently clad, and their clear plump looks showed they did not go to a scanty porridge dish at home . The girls and young women were as well looking . The youths and up-grown men were decent and cleanly ; and the only drawback to my entire satisfaction in looking through the mill was the observation that several of the married, child-bearing women and women in years seemed weekly and emaciated ; some of the elder ones also were deformed as if from weak- ness . But others of the married females looked quite well . The hands had been in constant work during the last eighteen months, and their earnings would average about nine shillings per week. This mill was at first a small woollen manu- factury ; afterwards Sir Robert Peel, the elder, purchased it and, making some additions, con- verted it into a cotton factory ; it was the first ,~ which ever worked in the township of Heap . alt has been frequently surmised that the present Sir Robert has a share in this and other manufacturing establishments in Lancashire ; ybut such is not the fact, and Make-ant M44- as well as a factory at Radcliffe, are the property of a relative of Sir Robert s. As I ascended the road again I could no`~ but turn and enjoy another look of the valley : and I left the place with a wish that none of God s human creatures were worse off than those I had just seen in the old quiet- looking mill below . From this place to the large manufacturing establishment of Messrs . Fenton at 1~oo1ey Bridge was but a step . On a sudden we ccme upon the edge of a deep bank of the Roch. Immediately below are the gas- works ; on the other side of the river arises the huge pile of building which the Messrs . Fenton have constructed for a manutacntory . Numerous cottages extend in rows along the valley and beside the highway . One row in particular below the mill and above the

1 42 stream are fronted with spacious and neat gar- dens, and the whole together looks like a pretty new village, with aa large workshop in the middle . I descended the bank and over the bridge, and observed that the houses were in decent and respectable condition, and, judging from the appearance of the habitations, we might suppose that the inmates were all of the better class of workpeople . I was prevented from entering the factory . A young man in the yard referred me for per , mission to Mr . Fenton at Bamford Hall or to Mr. Schofield, the manager, who was at home but indisposed. I preferred calling on the latter, and, having explained the object of my visit to aa servant, she returned with the message that my request must have two or three days consideration ; I must call again in a few days . I told her I could not do that, and came away . At four schools which I visited, viz ., one built by Mr. Kershaw, a manufacturer, near Wrigley Brook ; St . James s Infant and Juvenile School ; and St. Luke s Infant School, I found remarkably fine and healthy children, to say nothing of their pretty and intelligent looks, of which their parents are no doubt a little proud already, and not without cause . I know something of Heywo :ed and have done so during forty years, but I must say that I never expected to have beheld in that place so fine a race of children as I saw this day ; not a dim-looking shirt-collar did I observe, save on one boy, in the whole lot of about five hundred and fifty-not a smutty-looking face except those of some two or three lads who had probably soiled them at play . When the little folks held up their hands which, at one school they (lid at the bidding of the master and in the course of their daily exercise, it was really pleasing to behold so many innocent countenances beam- ing with joy, and their tiny fingers and palms as clean as were ever seen in human mould ; and then their neatly-combed hair and their clean apparel were in keeping with the pure little beings themselves . Of one thing I felt satisfied, that however we might have changed 43 as a community in some respects the mothers of these children were an improved race decidedly ; and would, doubtless, impart to their offspring a due portion of their advanced civilisation and humanity . At the same buildings Sunday schools are held, and about one thousand five hundred scholars attend on those S days. I next went into an extensive weaving shed, i .i which several hundreds of looms were at work. The hands differed but little in appea .•- once from those I had seen at other places . I thought, however, that this shop was more crowded than any I had yet visited . A dust arose from the dried paste with which the warps had been dressed, and rested on every- thing on which it fell : this would be scme drawback on health . The further parts of the room appeared somewhat dim in consequence of the dust . This, however, might be acci- dental, and the result of the quality of some particular lot of flour from. which the paste had been made . In other rooms of the same mill I found the arrangemer_ts quite as good as any I had seen of the same description of n,ranufacture . The carding-room was certainly rather close, but not so much ;o as some I bad entered . The scutching room was, as is usual, thick-aired and dusty ; about the same as are some places in a flour or a logwood mill . At Messrs . Cleggs and Hall s mill there were about four hundred looms, weaving fustians of various dc_ criptions . I went through one a room and observed the same appearances of general good health and personal neatness amongst the operatives as I had noticed at other places . Most of the weavers were young persons, and of those both sexes were ern- ployed-the greater part, perhaps, being females ; others seemed to be married women and men, and some of the latter were overlookers . The place, I thought, was better aired than the last I had visited, but it was still crowded, and there seeuied in this as in other weaving shops to have been the strictest economising of room . An old veteran was pointed out who bad been in many battles 44 during the last war : he was also with Sir John Moore at Corunna . After the war he went to Canada, and had some land allotted to him on being discharged ; but he left it and returned to England to end, as it seems, his days as a factory worker . Standing at the door of this mill, and looking southward, we may catch an idea of the 4 origin of the name of the township (Heap) . A number of broad green mounds, exactly like tumuli, rise amongst the fields and meadows to a considerable distance . Some are larger, .some are smaller than others, and Hind Hill, on which the residence of Mr . Clegg, one of the partners, is situated, appears to have been amongst the largest of the mounds on that side . The mill itself stands on what was originally one of these Heaps, but northward, towards Rochdale, several large ones have been out into for sand, and now afford, as they long will do, a plentiful supply of that very useful article .

Izzbay, April 13th, 1906. NOTES.

[176 .] HEYWOOD HALL AND SMETHURST HALL FAMILIES . (See Note No . 172 .) By way of addendum to the Note printed on -larch 9th, it may be stated that Henry Bury, the founder of Bury s first Grammar A School, stated in his will, bearing date Octo- bEr 22nd, 1634 :- I desire Mr . Robert Hey- wood, of Heywood Hall, and Mr . Richard Meadoweroft, of Smethurst Hall, to be overseers of this my will and assistants to nine executors, and I do give unto either of them forty shillings for their pains . Robert Hey- wood and Richard Meadowcroft were also appointed by Henry Bury to act, along with several other gentlemen, as feoffees or governors to the said school . I 45 One of the a£orenamed overseers of Henry Bury s will would be identical with Robert Heywood, the poet, who is said to have rebuilt Heywood Hall in 1611, and some account of whom is given by Mr . J. A. Green in his excellent local Bibliography . Mr. Green says that Robert Heywood died in 1645. In the Bury Parish Church registers it is recorded that Mr. Robert Heywood of Heywood was interred on January 19th, 1646-7. Was this Robert, the poet, or Robert, his son? Several of the poet s ch;l- dren were christened at Bury, including Robert (on July 19th, 1639 .) As regards the Meadowcrofts of Smethurst Hall, it has already been pointed cut that in Dugdale s Visitation the pedigree begins with the Richard Meadowcroft who died in 1661 (the Visitation erroneously giv ng it 1660 .) I find that ;n a local lawsuit which was at hearing in 1549-50, one of the witnesses was Richard Medowcrofte, gentleman, aged 29. This, no doubt, would be the Richard Meadowcroft of Smethurst, whose will way proved in 1581 ; and probably he was grandfather of Mr. Richard Meadoweroft, of Smet- hurst Hall, mentioned in Henry Bury s will. LECTonn . [177.] A 1670 CONVENTICLE 1N A DARK CORNER OF BURY PARISH . In 1845 the Chetham Society published The Life of Adam Martindale, written by himself and now first printed from the original manuscript in the Briti-h Museum . Adam Martindale was born at High Heyes, Moss Bank, Present, and was baptized 21st September 1623, at the Parish Church, Pres- cot . He was clergyman at Rostherne Parish Church from 1649 to August 27th, 1662, and then deprived of his benefice for non-compli- ance with the Act of Uniformity in the reign of Charles H. He was nursed from his cradle in the atmosphere of that great Revolution, mixing from his childhood in the military and religious turmoils which then agitated every portion of society from its surface to its centre. 46 He gives the following account on page 193 of an interesting incident in his life which took place in the neighbourhood of Bury about 1670. In the interim, there way so great connivance at public and private preaching in Bolton parish, and several of the parishes adjacent, that, except it was now and then to gratify some great person or special friend (and that so as would consist with my mini- sterial work) I did not practice teaching mathematics at all . Yea, even such high Episcopal men as Dr . Howorth (1), and Mr . Moseley (2), justices of the peace, were engaged to me, and paid me nobly to teach in their houses, though they knew I preached publicly in two neighbour chapels, Gorton and Birch, and possibly might hear that I did the like in my turn at Cockey, Walmseley, Dar- win, etc . ; and for all this I never fell into any considerable trouble but only once-and that ended well . It is true my great friend, the Bishop, sent out his Significavit against me with several others ; and Mr . James wood of Cbowbent (3) was catched and sent to prison ; but to his great advantage, through the kindnesses done him by many . But that against me, through the civility of Dr . Howorth, was a little delayed, and shortly after it died with its author, the Bishop . This, therefore, I reckon not as any trouble. `But that I hinted at before, was this : when the former Act against Conventicles was out, and no new one made, Adam Fearneside (4), a good friend of mine, desired me to join with a worthy neighbour of his, Mr . James Bradshaw (5), late of Macclesfield, to keep a day of preaching and prayer at his son-in- law s house, in a dark corner of Bury parish . His daughter (the wife of the house) being neither able to go on foot nor on horseback to any place for her soul s good, I consented, and began the exercise ; but Dean Bnuge- man, being then at his son Greenhalgh shouse, of Brandesham (6), and hearing of it, people were sent to take us up, and return our names, etc . But the door being shut, and they having no warrant to break it, I went on 47 se.mingly unconcerned, till I had done my work and then calmly concluded, all my brothers being unwilling to go on . All this while the doors were guarded that we might not escape (forsooth), and after a time opened by the master of the house . All the rest having their names taken, were suffered to go at liberty, but I was carried before the Reverend Dean who, knowing me well, said he wondered that I would expose myself to the lash of the law for conventicling and under his nose. I told him he was mistaken it was no conventicle, either by statute, k common, or canon law . As for the first, there was no statute in force that defined it ; and for the second a Conventicle, by common law, his own brother, the Lord Chief Justice, had defined it, upon the bench, to be a meeting together to plot against the King and State, which he could not imagine of a company of men, women, and children, whereof many had never seen others face before . As for the canons, I told him there were only two cases that were made oonventicles by them, and this was neither as I clearly proved . He said then it was a riot, for we were mire than ten . I answered, what if we were ten score, when none of us wore a k weapon, gave an uncivil word, or (lid any unlawful act? After some other discourse in a loving and familiar way he dismissed me, pretending kindness to me for my Lord Delamer s sake, desiring of me only two things : first, that I would not go publicly through Bury, but take a more private way toward Bolton ; secondly, that I would for- bear preaching near that place for a fort- night s time, at the end whereof he was to go to Chester . I promised him I would not, and kept my engagement exactly ; but when I was gone home he caused my companions and me to be indicted at the Sessions then holden at Manchester, and ney name was put in the front of all . In due time we appeared to the indictment, and overthrew it ; there being but two witnesses produced against us, whereof one was set in a place so far from the house that he knew not what was said C 48 nor done, as he upon oath affirmed . The other being a Bury man that died soon after) swore so desperately what he could not know that our council, Mr. Pennington, made his testimony ridiculous to all the court, for he swore that he, being without, heard me preaching in the house ; and yet he confessed he had never seen me nor heard my voice before, nor had I spoken a word in court till he had taken this oath . So that he had no pretence i to ray that he knew my voice nor that he heard it again. The jury forthwith returned us not guilty ; apd the costs, being 24 shillings, were paid by the friend that invited me (7) . (1) There were two men of considerable eminence in Manchester of the name of Howorth during and subsequent to the Civil Wars, both descended from the same house, though of very opposite principles, and both in the commission of the peace . Richard Howorth of the Thureroft family, born 1598, was a bencber of Gray s Inn and an active Presbyterian He died in 1663, leaving large estates to an only daughter . Theophilus Howorth of Howorth Hall, in the parish of Rochdale, was a man of lofty pretensions to noble descent, and was honoured with the con- fidence of all the distinguished Royalists of the county . He was skilled in heraldry, etc ., and was the correspondent of Dugdale, Ash- mole, and other literary men of the time . He married Mary, daughter of Henry Ashurst, Esq., and had a son (afterwards Cap- tain Henry Howorth) to whom Martindale was tutor (2) Nicholas Mosley, of Ancoats, Esq ., bore 10th September, 1612, married Ann, daughter of John Lever of Alkrington, Esq ., and was justice of peace for the county at this time . (3) Calarny says that Mr. James Woods, of Chowbent Chapel, was the son and father of a dissenting minister, and that the Woods preached there for above a century . (4) Adam Fearnside was maternal ancestor of the Hardmans, of Allerton Hall, Rochdale, a Presbyterian family of some note in the last century . 49 (5) Mr. James Bradshaw was a native of Darcy Lever, of a considerable family . He was at one time minister at Wigan and then at Macclesfield, where he was silenced. He was at one period allowed to preach at Houghton Chapel in Dean Parish, and afterwards at Bradshaw Chapel, by the connivance of Mr. Bradshaw, of Bradshaw Hall . He died in 1683, being reputed a man of considerable ability . (6) Thomas, son and heir of Richard Green- halgh, of Brandlesome Hall, in the parish of Bury, Esq., married a daughter of John Bridgman, D.D., Dean of Chester, and afterwards Bishop of Man, of which island his grandfather, John Greenhalgh, Esq ., had been governor under the great Earl of Derby . (7) Once more does Adam s legal ingenuity liberate him from the fangs of the law. Indeed, it seems all to have been required in those persecuting days . JOHN FENTON .

,fribtj, April 20th, 1906.

NOTES.

[178 .] DESCRIPTIONS OF HEYWOOD AND THE VICINITY .-III. HEYWOOD IN 1839 ; BY EDWIN BUTTERWORTH . The following account of Heywood in 1839 is extracted from An historical description of the town of Heywood and vicinity. By Edwin Butterworth . Heywood : V. Cook, printer, Market Place . 1&40. The author was occupied for six years in collecting materials for Edward Baines s History of Lancashire, and his account of Heywood is based on these notes . Heywood is a town in the township of Heap, the parish and manor of Bury, the magisterial division of Bolton-le-moors, the hundred of Salford, and the county of Lanca-ter, or Lancashire . VOL . 2 .-Part 16. 50 The district of Heap is of oblong form, prin- cipally stretching on the southern bank of the river Roch ; the portion on the northern side of that river seems to belong naturally to the adjoining township of Birtle-cum:-Bamford in the parish of Middleton, but it is probable that this section was attached to Heap by the ancient lords of the manor of Bury ; the third part of this parochial division is entirely isolated from the rest by the intervention of Pilsworth and Hopwood in Middleton parish ; it is, however, invariably styled Whittle-in- Heap. The body of the township is about two miles in length, and nearly one mile and a half in I breadth ; comprising 2,240 statute acres, the aggregate of acres Lancashire measure in Heap has been stated at 1,478, and in 1 -9 Whittle at 5524 ; a third author gives the total acreage - in customary measure or Cheshire acre as nearly 1800 . On the north Heap is bounded by Birtle- cum-Bamford, on the south by Pilsworth and Hopwood, and partly by Unsworth, on the west by Bury, and on the east by Bamford, C,zstleton, and Hopwood . Heywood, the principal place in Heap, is situated on gently rising ground, not half-a- 4 mile from the southern bank of the Roch, in about north latitude 53 . 35, and west longi- tude from Greenwich in degrees 2-15, 8- miles N .N.W. of Manchester, by the turn- pike road, and 9 21 by the Heywood branch canal, and Manchester and Leeds railway ; 192 N.N.W. of London, 51 S .S.E. of Lan, caster, 3 E .S.E. of Bury, 3 W .S.W. of Roch- r dale, and 3 N .W. of Middleton . The origin of the designation Heap is not at all obvious ; in the earliest known mention of the place it is termed Hep, which may imply a tract overgrown with hawthorn- herrie3. The name might arise from the un- evenness of the surface, beep (Saxon) indica- ting a mass of irregularities . The denomina• tion Heywood manifestly denotes the site of a wood in a field, or a wood surrounded by fields . 51 The manor of Bury, and other valuable estates, were granted under the great seal to Thomas Stanley, Earl of Derby, the first of his family who bore that title . The manor is still enjoyed by the noble family of Stanley, the Right Hon . Edward Smith Stanley, the present and thirteenth Earl of Derby, being the present lord of the manor of Bury, of which Heap is a part. A court leet is held at Bury annually, at Whitsuntide, at which the constables of i.url, Heap, Elton, and Walmersley are appointed ; and a court baron for the recovery of debts under £2 within the manor may be held . Heap is also in the jurisdiction of the Bury court of requests for the recovery of debts under £15 . During the several centuries which passed away without any important events occurring to the ancient possessors of Heap, the die- trict was slowly progressing in the amount of its population and the extent of its culti- vated land,-yet there was not even a group of houses, for the homesteads were far apart from each other; generally seated in shel- --tered spots, by the :ides of the woods, and on the banks of rivulets ; then it was that a large portion of this part of the country abounded in scenes of rural beauty, from the intermixture of groves and lawns, in a state of almost native wildness . Flow flll d with quiet were these fields ! Far off was heard, the peasant s tread! How clothed with peace was huanan life! How tranquil seem d the dead! In the fifteenth century there were in the township several closes or heys of land around a wood, not far from the centre, hence originated the name of Heywood . A few houses were shortly afterwards erected, and they received the designation of Heywood. A family bearing this name flourished here for many generations ; but they were never of much note in county genealogy, though more than one were active in public affairs . 52 In the visitation of 1664 are traced two lines of the Heywoods, those of Heywood and Walton, from the latter was descended Samuel Heywood, Esq ., a Welch judge, uncle of Sir Benjamin Heywood, Baronet, of Clare- mont, near Manchester . The armorial bearing of the Heywoods, of Heywood, was argent, three torteauxes, between two bendlets gules . The property of this ancient family prin- cipally consisting of Heywood hall and adjoining lands . . . . purchased by Mr. John Starky, of the Orchard, in Rochdale, in the letter part of the seventeenth, or the beginning of the eighteenth, century .-Mr . Starky was living in 1719 ; his descendant John As Starky, Esq ., married Mary, daughter of Joseph Grebge, Esq ., of Chamber Hall, Old- ham,-John Starky, Esq ., who died March 13th, 1780, was father of James Starky, Esq ., of Fell Foot, near Cartmel, Lancashire, the present possessor of Heywood Hall, born Sep- tember 8th, 1762, married September 2nd, 1785, Elizabeth, second daughter of Edward Gregg Hopwood, Esq .-In 1791, Mr. Starky served the office of high sheriff of the county ; from this family branched the Starkies of Redivals, near Bury . Heywood Hall is a plain but ancien_t house, partly shrouded in ivy, and seated on an agreeable well-wooded eminence, overlooking the river Roch ; this was once a sweet retired spot, cool wit. the green shade of masted foliage, and cheered by the pleasing aspect of tastefully disposed grounds : Pound a holy calm diffusing, Love of peace, and lonely musing . The present occupant of Heywood Hall is John Hilton Kay, Esq . Bamf ord gave name to a family at a remote period. Thomas de Bamford occurs, about 1193 . Adam de Bamford granted land in vill de Bury to William de Chadwyke in 1413 ; and Sir John Bamford was a Fellow of the Colle- giate Church of Manchester, in 1506 . For upwards of a century there is no mention of this family ; but I find that in 1719, Mr. William Bamford gave a bequest to the curacy 53 of Heywood ; and that his descen dant, Wil- liam Barnford, Esq., died in 1761, according to a monument in Bury Church . A William Bamford, of Bamford, Esq., served the office of high sheriff of Lancashire, in 1787, he married Ann, daughter of Thomas Blackburne, Esq., of Orford and Hale, and was father of Anne, lady of John Ireland Blackburne, Esq ., M.P. He was succeeded by Robert Bamford, Esq., who from his connection with the Hes- keths of Cheshire took the name of Robert Bamford Hesketh, Esq ., and married alias Frances Lloyd, of Gwrych Castle,-their son, Lloyd Hesketh Bamford Hesketh, Esq ., who is now of Gwryoh Castle, Denbighshire, married Emily Esther Anne, youngest daughter of Earl Beauchamp . The Bamford Hall property was sold several years ago to Joseph Fenton, Esq ., woollen manufacturer .-The present mansion is situated an high ground, skirted by a wood on the north-west, and is a venerable house of three gables, apparently of the Elizabethian period-in the valley to the west flows Nadin water . A handsome and spacious residence has been lately erected by James Fenton, E q ., a short distance to the south, with the view of superseding the old hall. QUERIES. [179 .] MISS E . LIVSEY. Information about this local writer is wanted. For the benefit of the local Cotton Famine Fund she wrote some lines On the Distress of Lancashire in 1862 . The lines had the merit of being tender and pathetic, and doubtless achieved the writer s object. It has been said that Miss Livsey wrote several other pieces, got married, and with her husband settled in Amer ca, I shall be glad to learn more of her . J . A . GREEN. [180 .] JOHN BRIGHT IN HEYWOOD . Will anyone supply details of the two or three meetings in Heywood which were addressed by John Bright? LEMuaL. kindly

54 [181.] WILLIA-11 HOLLAND, Esq . What is there known of the career of William Holland, a successful local iron- monger, who bought Heywood Hall? GARCIA. [182.] THE OLD COACH DAYS. Now that Bury, Heywood, and Rochdale are joined in the electrical bond of brother- hood, it may serve the purpose of this column to recall the means of communi_ation in former days . As there are nanny persons still living in Heywood who remember the old coaching days, it would be a good thing to have some account of that mode of travel- lag. Will some old Heywoodite send me this information? J. A. G11ESN.

,fribap, April 27th, 1906 .

NOTES. [183.] DESCRIPTIONS OF HEYWOOD AND THE VICINITY . III . HEY WOOD IN 1839 ; BY EDWIN BUTTERWORTf . One of the principal abodes of the memor- able family of Holt, formerly existed at Gristlehurst, which Dr . Whitaker incorrectly describes as in the parish of Middleton . Ralph Holt, the first of his rave at Grizzle- hurst, is said to have been a second son of a Holt of Stubley ; his great grandson, Thomas Holt, Esq ., of Grizlehurst, was knighted by Edward, Earl of Hertford, in Scotland-Sir Thomas Ho .lt received a grant of the manor of Spotland, from Henry the Eighth in 1542 for £641 16s . .!8d His grandson, Thomas Holt, Esq ., was great-grandfather of Thomas Posthumous Holt, Esq ., one of the intended knights of the order of the Royal Oak, who, according to a AIS. memo- 55 ) randum, died 26th March, 1669, after sown- M l sett a hower, as they report it . He devised Grislehurst to his cousin Alexander Holt, of London, goldsmith ; his great-grandson, Wil- liam Hoit, Esq ., was of Little Mitton .- Elizabet-h, eventually sole heiress of William, married Richard Beaumont, of Whitley- Bee umont, Esq ., Yorkshire, in 1747, and died 1791 ; he sold Grislehurst about the middle of the last century, and was father of Richard Henry Beaumont, Esq ., F.S.A., an accom- plished antiquary . Of the habitation of the Holt s, there are few remains; it is now inhabited by a farmer. Bridge Hall or Bridge House, on the banks of the Roch, in the westerly part of the township, near Heap Bridge, was the residence of Roger Holt, gent., living in the reign of t Charles the First, his son, Peter Holt, gent ., was brother-in-law of Robert Gregge, Esq ., father of Joseph Gregge, Esq ., of Chamber Hall, Oldham . The family of Nuttall have possessed the estate some time ; and Robert Nuttall, Esq ., of Kernpsey, Worcestershire, is the present owner . This early abode is decorated by mullion windows . Within a mile of Heywood in an easterly direction, in the township of Castleton, in the parish of Rochdale, stands Chamber House, some years ago the habitance of another branch of the prolific family of Holt, of whom was Robert Holt, gent ., who died March 23rd, 1825, aged 89 ; his daughter, Elizabeth, married Mr . John Orford, of Manchester, and Robert Orford Holt, Esq ., is the present re- presentative of the family . In the vicinity is Merland, an ancient but small village, the seat of the Merlands, as far back as the twelfth century . Andrew, son of Alan de 1lerland, bequeathed his body to be buried at the priory of Stanlaw ; the place received its name from the adjacent meer or small lake ; which covers about seven Lancashire acres ; the morasses around afforded the last retreat in this country to the black game . The yeomanry family of Hill were residents of Heady Hill, an elevated situation not far from the centre of Heap, for a considerable 56 time-see article St . Luke s Chapel . A dwel- ling at Heady Hill is pointed out as having been a place of meeting of the rebels in 1745, though it would certainly be out of the line of their march from the northward . In a copy of a terrier of the rectory of Bury (in the possession of the author) dated November 5th, 1696, it is stated that parcels of moss upon Heap Moor and Bullow Moor are in the occupation of the rector himself for getting Turves . V During the sixteenth century Heywood became a village of agricultural labourer s cottages ; and as intercourse gradually increased betwixt the towns of Bury and Rochdale, the local importance of tha spot was seen, and accordingly rendered available to the convenience and advantage of an augmenting population . In the course of a few years an episcopal chapel was requisite for the spiritual 1 welfare of the villagers, and such an edifice was therefore built ; cniefly by the munificence of the owners of Heywo d Hall. The place formed a group of rural dwellings, at the period when the cotton manufac__ ture began to prevail ; and the apparatus then in use to carry on this now extraordinary business was about as rude and simple as the cotter s habitations of the olden time were compared to those of the present day . For the first fifty years of the fast century, the cotton trade was slowly extending here ; but in the succeeding fifty, such was the demand for goods and the large amount of wages received, that the prudent handloom weavers and the thrifty spanning housewives accumulated. money, extended their manufacturing transactions by employing additional hands : thus population and trade rapidly increased . The great sheet anchor of all cottages and small Earns was the labour attached to the hand wheel ; and when it is considered . that it required six or eight hands to prepare and spin yarn sufficient for the consumption of one weaver, it will be evident that there was an inexhaustible source of employment for every person from seven to eighty Sears of 57 age who retained their sight and could move their hands . From 1770 to 1788 the use of wool and linen - in the spinning of yarns bad .almaost disappeared, and cotton was become the a .hnast universal material for employment, the hand wheels were superseded by common jennies, hand carding by carding engines, and hand picking by fly shuttle . From 1788 to 1803 was the golden age of this great trade, the introduction of mule yarns assimilated with other yarns producing every de=scription of goods, gave a preponderating wealth through the loom . The mule twist being rapidly produced, and the demand for goods very large put all hands in request, and weavers workshops became yearly more 4 numerous ; the remuneration for labour was high, and the population were in a most comfortable condition. (Radcliffe s Origin of Powerloom Weaving, p . 59-66 .) The disso- lution of Arkwright s patent in 1785, and the general adoption . of mule spinning in 1790 concurred to give the most extraordinary im- petus to the cotton manufacture ; numerous mills were erected and filled with water frames ; and jennies and mules were made and set to work with almost incredible rapi- dity . The first cotton factory erected in Heap was Makin Mill, on the banks of the Roch, north of Heywood, built about 1780, by the opulent firm of Peel, Yates and Company of Bury, the head of which was Robert Peel, Esq., afterwards created a Baronet, Novem- ber 29th, 1800, father of the present Right Hon. Sir Robert Peel, Bart., and of Edmund Peel, Esq ., the present owner of the works i at Makin Mill . The first spinning mill com- menoed in the VTrra7gt- M Hey-wood was at Wrigley Brook ; and is the one now belong- ing to Robert Kershaw, Esq . ; it was in existence in the latter part of the last century. At that period Heywood was a village of about two thousand inhabitants . The cotton spinning and weaving trades materially augmented during the first fifteen years of the present century, and consequently mills and dwellings increased every year . In 1817 58 there were in Heap ten cotton mills, in 1824 seventeen, in 1828 twenty, and in 1833 twenty- seven . The number of steam engines engaged in the cotton trade in 1833 was thirty- four, the aggregate of the horse power of which amounted to 905, exclusive of one engine used in machine making, one in paper- m-aking, and four in collieries, and of three woollen mills, where the machinery was moved by water .

QUERIES. [184 .] RIOT IN 1808 . I have met with the following record under date June 17th, 1808 : Six men were brought to Lancaster Castle charged with rioting at Heap. A detachment of Dragoons came with the coach which brought them. What were the circumstances of this riot, and what became of the prisoners? B .H.

,Jfribap, , aV 4th, 1906.

NOTES. [185 .] DESCRIPTIONS OF HEYWOOD AND THE VICINITY .-III. HEYWOOD IN 1839 ; BY EDWIN BUTTERWORTH . In 1834-5 a return of Robert Rickards, Esq ., factory inspector, states the number of cotton mills in Heap at 31, the steam engines as equal to 801, and water wheels to 160 horses power, and the total number of persons employed 4,467 . The number of mills newly built or enlarged during 1835-6 was three, the power of whose engines was equal to that of 94 horses . [Returns of the Factory In- spectors, 1835-6.] The number of cotton manufacturing concerns, or firms, in 1838 was about 37, and the number of cotton mills in Heap in 1839 was about 34, and of steam engines 42 ; of the latter there are 38 in the village of Heywood and vicinity, whose power is equal to that of 1,038 horses . The number 59 of carding engines is 377, power looms 4,167, spindle, 236,121, and the amount of hands directly employed 5,190 [Communication of Mr. Richard Burch, Heywood . There is a woollen manufactory at Heap Bridge, which is 85 yards in length, by 75 in width, sup- ported by 253 pillars, and containing 2,688 feet of shafting and 4,50 gas jets . In the vicinity is a large paper manufactory .] The descriptions of cotton goods manufactured here are chiefly velveteens, velvets, beaver- teens, swandowns, pillows, moleskins, etc . The spinners, eardroom hands, powerloom weavers, and other cotton mill operatives are tolerably remunerated for their labour ; the hours of work are limited by law to twelve per day, and nine on Saturday. Upwards ol . one-third of the millworkers are under -eighteen years of age, but none are below nine. The conduct and manners of a eon- s erable manufacturing community are diversified. The social condition and moral feelings of the factory class of Heywood do not differ in any material features from the character of the vast population similarly employed in other places. Notwithstanding the marked improvement effected within the present century in provincial behaviour by ex- Umive means of education and increased reli- -tiongious instruction,of the operatives, there is yetadults a large as wellproper- as youths, lamentably indifferent to any efforts affecting their moral culture. This debased portion of the population suffer more from their improvident habits and intemperate conduct than from lowness of wages or deficiency of work. Amongst all degrees of the working A people even with many inconsiderate of their domestic welfare, an extended taste for general reading is manifest. This cheering change is of recent growth, and is to be attributed to the late diffusion of religious and scientific knowledge ; yet decided indica- tions of mental improvement are few . The districts abounding in cotton manufactories present some singular features of ex- ternal aspect. The stranger in approaching such tracts is struck by the increase of dwel- 60 lings at every step ; by the tall lofty chim- neys of glaring brick, which are soinetames I seen when in elevated situations at the distance of miles, and by the huge extensive buildings to which they are annexed . Such is the appearance Heywood of Thy crowded streets and manufactories, Where smoky volumes the gayprospectdim, While song and labour echo to the hum Of vast revolving wheels! A poetising factory operative thus metrically describes the interior of a cotton mill : Here belts and roilers, spindles, shafts and Beer, ~lnd strange machinery to the sight appear ; Wheel within wheel in curious order rise, Of various metal and of various size ; Bands cross d and open, numerous here abound, While pleasing discords in the ear resound, Like the low murmurs, when the rising breeze 1 Disturbs the surface of the ample seas. [The Cotton hill, a poem, by John Jones .] The grosser operations of art are felt to r injure the beauties of nature . Cotton mills, pleasant vallies, ranges of uniform but neat cottages, groves of trees overshadowing fer- tile pastures, foul unsightly looking coal shafts, and productive corn fields but ill accord with each other, yet they are all met with in manufacturing districts intermixed together . The condition and disposition of the population employed in the cotton trade vary with their situation as to amount of earnings, or their desire for mental culture. The higher section such as managers, etc ., are generally we11-behaved, well-situated, and prudent men, of considerable tact in their business, but des- . tiitute of extensive intelligence . Their neat dwellings, and the comfortable, even elegant condition of their families, manifest that ex- pensive habits are perhaps required by improved circumstances . The spinners and weavers, with the vast number of youths and young females employed in conjunction with them are, taken in a mass, of pale and sickly countenances ; still many have most healthy and pleasing features, the difference may be r

a 6 1 owing to temper and constitution of body as well as to the state of the mills and dwellings . In one respect there is little variation amongst the young, this is in their assurance and the wantonness of their behaviour . The older operatives are addicted to habits of intem- perance, and the young ones imitate their ex-imple at an early age . It is lamentable to perceive the ignorance prevalent amongst many females employed in factories as to the management of a household ; this is owing to all the early years of female life amongst this class of people being entirely devoted to the factory, where vicious courses are much more largely pursued than virtuous . The light and delicate fabrics of the loom, en- riched by the tasteful impressions of the calico printer and rendered cheap by their abun- dance, serve to impart to the humblest factory girl neatness of dress . This manufacture furnishes nearly one-half of the exports of British produce and manufactures ; it supports more than ono-eleventh of the population of Great Britain ; and it supplies almost every nation of the world with some portion of its clothing . [Bainests His- tory of the Cotton Manufacture, p . 432 .] The extraordinary growth of the cotton 1 trade at Heywood is of recent date, but it ultimately produced a rapid increase of population . I have not met with any information respecting the number of inhabitants in Heap, prior to the commencement of the present century . In the Parliamentary return of population : 1t compiled 1801, the total of persons in Heap . is stated at 4,283-males 2,007, females 2,276 . In 1811 theumber of inhabited houses was 831, families 866, houses building 1, unoccupied 22, families employed in agriculture 42, in trade, etc ., 817, other families 7, males 2,400, females 2,748, total of persons 5,148 .- In 1821 there were inhabited houses 1,060, families 1,134, houses building 5, unoccupied i 14, families engaged in agriculture 50 . in i trade, etc ., 1,018, other families 66, males 3,220, females 3,332, total persons 6,552 .-In 1.831 the decennial return of population pre- smt-ed the subjoined results : Inhabited house 1 s 62 1,693, families 1,981, houses building 37, unoccupied 39, families employed in agriculture 97, in trade 722, other families 1,162, males 5,048, females 5,381, total of persons 10,429, males twenty years of age and up\vaidg 2,275, occupiers of land employing labourers 24, occupiers not employing labourers 42, labourers employed in agriculture 83, in manufacture or malting manufacturing machinery 499, in retail trade and handicraft 340-capi- t talists, professional men, etc ., 28, labourers engaged in labour not agricultural 1,188, other males upwards of twenty years of age, except servants, 56, male servants twenty years of ago 15, under twenty 5, female servants 58 . There is an obvious defect in the returns for 1831, arising from the number of families unconnected with trade being stated i at 1,162 ; this is evidently too high an estimate of the amount of that section of the population . In an analytical table of the births and deaths registered in each district of the Bury Union, according to the provisions of the Registration Acts, from July 1st to Septem- her 30th, 1837 it is stated that in Heywood district, consisting of Heap, Hopwood, and Pilsworth, and containing 15,234 persons, the registered births were 107, -deaths 71 ; from J October 1st to December 31st, 1837, births 121, deaths 74 ; the results of the general registration for one year, from July 1st, 1837, to June 30th, 1838, in this district were, births 535, males 287, females 248 ; deaths 421, males 217, females 204. The present number of inhabitants in Heap is about 14,000. The estimated annual value of the N lands, messuages, and other property in 1815 way £8,861, in 1829 £27,820 .