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Race, Politics and Community Building on the Pages of Five Historically Black College and University Newspapers from 1930 to 1959

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Race, Politics and Community Building on the Pages of Five Historically Black College and University Newspapers from 1930 to 1959 The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Dissertations Spring 5-2016 Our Voice, Our Choice: Race, Politics and Community Building on the Pages of Five Historically Black College and University Newspapers From 1930 to 1959 Sheryl Monique Kennedy Haydel University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations Part of the Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Ethnicity in Communication Commons, Higher Education Commons, Journalism Studies Commons, Leadership Studies Commons, Mass Communication Commons, Publishing Commons, Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies Commons, Social Influence and Political Communication Commons, and the Speech and Rhetorical Studies Commons Recommended Citation Kennedy Haydel, Sheryl Monique, "Our Voice, Our Choice: Race, Politics and Community Building on the Pages of Five Historically Black College and University Newspapers From 1930 to 1959" (2016). Dissertations. 341. https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations/341 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. OUR VOICE, OUR CHOICE: RACE, POLITICS, AND COMMUNITY BUILDING ON THE PAGES OF FIVE HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY NEWSPAPERS FROM 1930 TO 1959 by Sheryl Monique Kennedy Haydel A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School and the School of Mass Communication and Journalism at The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Approved: ________________________________________________ Dr. Vanessa D. Murphree, Committee Chair Associate Professor, Mass Communication and Journalism ________________________________________________ Dr. David R. Davies, Committee Member Professor, Mass Communication and Journalism ________________________________________________ Dr. Christopher R. Campbell, Committee Member Professor, Mass Communication and Journalism ________________________________________________ Dr. Cheryl Jenkins, Committee Member Associate Professor, Mass Communication and Journalism ________________________________________________ Dr. Fei Xue, Committee Member Associate Professor, Mass Communication and Journalism ________________________________________________ Dr. Karen S. Coats Dean of the Graduate School May 2016 COPYRIGHT BY Sheryl Monique Kennedy Haydel 2016 Published by the Graduate School ABSTRACT OUR VOICE, OUR CHOICE: RACE, POLITICS, AND COMMUNITY BUILDING ON THE PAGES OF FIVE HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY NEWSPAPERS FROM 1930 TO 1959 by Sheryl Monique Kennedy Haydel May 2016 From 1930 to 1959, the black college student-run press was a prolific voice leading discussions about ways to eradicate racial discrimination, amass political currency, and nurture communal solidarity. Embedded in their mission was a desire to awaken their readers intellectually and emotionally to join a mounting movement toward racial liberation. Yet, historians have ignored this expansive network of black collegian editors and writers, who were a philosophical extension of the professional Black Press. Like their mentors in the Black Press, black college student editors and writers vigorously advocated for racial equality, took a combative stance against political gerrymandering that left blacks stripped of power and their dignity, and pleaded with their readers to work as a collective to overcome entrenched racism. As a microcosm of the might of the black college student-run press, five schools were explored to determine how the writers and editors covered the prevailing issues of the first half of the twentieth century: race, politics, and community building. On the campuses of Bennett College for Women in Greensboro, North Carolina; Clark University in Atlanta, Georgia; Hampton Institute in Hampton, Virginia; Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in Baton Rouge, Louisiana; and Tuskegee Institute in Tuskegee, Alabama student editors and writers shared a communal ii responsibility to elevate their race. However, each newspaper’s voice was shaped by their school’s historical origins, the students who served in editorial posts, and environmental pressures, which defined the African American experience. The researcher discovered the students were able to use their campus newspapers as an authentic outlet of expression. Additionally, the black college student-run press displayed diversity of thought, and often struggled between striking a balance between the philosophical leanings of their mentors and ancestors, and finding their editorial independence. This investigation is significant because it provides insight into how black college women and men communicated about their roles and responsibilities in society during their collegiate years, which traditionally represented a season of social, political, and personal enlightenment. The findings indicate that the five schools embraced a mission to engage their audience in meaningful discourse by delivering news with maturity and passion. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am forever grateful to my committee. Thank you to my Advisor, Dr. Vanessa D. Murphree, for helping me discover a love for journalism history, serving as my committee chair, and pushing me to become a more insightful scholar. Thank you to Dr. Christopher R. Campbell, Dr. David R. Davies, Dr. Cheryl Jenkins, and Dr. Fei Xue for your enduring belief that my scholarship mattered as well as the voices of countless African Americans on the campus of five historically black colleges and universities in the first half of the twentieth century deserved to be heard. To the Mass Communication and Journalism graduate admissions team, who saw my potential as a doctoral student, I can never say thank you enough. I will always be motivated by your investment in me as a person and as a scholar. Without the assistance, patience and generosity of the archivists, researchers and historians at Bennett College for Women (Dr. Linda Beatrice Brown); Clark Atlanta University; Hampton University (Donzella Maupin and Sonya Basnight); Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College (Angela Proctor); and Tuskegee University (Dana Chandler and Cheryl Ferguson), this project would have remained just an idea. I must thank the Amistad Research Center staff at Tulane University for helping me uncover the archival treasures of historically black colleges and universities - which served as the inspiration for this project. I send them my sincerest gratitude to mentors and colleagues, who cleared the path for me so I could explore the world without the pain, ignorance, and prejudice of the past. To my unforgettable college professor, Dr. Ann Wead Kimbrough, who shaped the way I teach, interact with students, and push myself, I say thank you. To Dr. Jinx C. iv Broussard, who has always recognized the best in me, I say thank you. To Dr. Brenda Edgerton-Webster, who taught me immeasurable lessons during the dissertation process and in life, I say thank you. Dr. Cindy Blackwell, thank you for your friendship. Dr. Kim LeDuff, thank you for being such an amazing role model. Dr. Beretta Smith-Shomade, thank you for your peaceful spirit, wisdom and sisterhood that kept me focused and balanced through it all. Thank you to Dr. Janice Haynes, Dr. Riva Brown, Dr. Trish Minnis and Dr. Shearon Roberts for sharing all that you had to make sure I excelled. To my late aunt Dr. Yvonne Kennedy for fostering a level of achievement within our family, and exposing me to the endless possibilities of higher education all of which allowed me to grow into this moment, I say thank you. Dr. Walter M. Kimbrough, Dr. Salomon Shomade, Dr. Robert Byrd and Shawn Anglim, thank you for always being accessible and positive at every turn. However, I would be nothing without the love and support of my family during this journey. Thank you to my husband, David M. Haydel, who did more than simply believe in me. He made my dreams, his dreams and I stand in awe of this every day. Thank you to our beautiful children, Clark and Davis, who were patient and always remained my loudest cheerleaders and biggest admirers. Thank you to my mother, Jean C. Kennedy, and sister, Sonia Kennedy Ladd, for their laughter, praise, acts of kindness, and true sacrifice during this project and beyond. A special thank you to my extended family - Cynthia M. Gaudin, Candice Roche Boucree, Maria Roche, and Eric Roche - who were awesome every step of the way. I am equally as grateful to my numerous friends, such Jamyee C. Pleasant, Ty Salvant, Adria Kimbrough and Charon F. Maple, who loved me through it. There are so v many other friends who showed selflessness as they edited chapters, gave me a shoulder to fill with tears, listened intently to my passion about this project, loaned me books and space to write or sleep when driving home was not an option, spent time with our children, gave me invaluable advice, fed me as well as rallied me to the finish line with their prayers, friendship and smiles. I am humbled and honored because you are reason why I can say, "It is done." vi DEDICATION This project is dedicated to my father and mother. Thank you LaBaron Kennedy (1940-2000) - a proud graduate of Dillard University - and someone who believed in the power of historically black colleges and universities to liberate African Americans from the
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