49042-005: Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Corridors 2
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Updated Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 49042-005 Grant Number: 0569-TAJ Cover date: March 2021 Tajikistan: Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Corridors 2, 5, and 6 (Dushanbe–Kurgonteppa) Road Project - Additional Financing Prepared by the Project Implementation Unit for Road Rehabilitation of the Ministry of Transport of the Republic of Tajikistan for the Asian Development Bank. This is an updated version of the draft originally posted in January 2018 available on https://www.adb.org/projects/documents/taj-49042-005-iee. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (AS OF 1 JANUARY 2020) CURRENCY UNIT – SOMONI (TJS) TJS1.00 = $0.0884955752 $1.00 = TJS11.300000 ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand CAREC - Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation CIS Commonwealth of Independent States COVID-19 - Coronavirus disease 2019 CEP - Committee for Environmental Protection under the Government of Tajikistan dB - Decibels EMP - Environmental Management Plan EmoP - Environmental Monitoring Plan GoT - Government of Tajikistan HIV/AIDS - Human Immune Deficiency Virus / Acquired immune deficiency syndrome IEE - Initial Environmental Examination in/sec inches per second LARP Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan LHS - Left Hand Side MAC Maximum Allowable Concentration masl meter above sea level MoTC - Ministry of Transport and Communications of Tajikistan n.a. not applicable PEE - Public Ecological Expertise PMCSC - Project management and contract supervision consultant PPTA - Project Preparatory Technical Assistance PPV Peak Particle Velocity RHS - Right Hand Side RoW - Right-of-Way SEE - State Ecological Expertise SES socio economic survey SPS Safeguard Policy Statement STD - Sexually Transmitted Disease SSEMP - Site Specific Environmental Management Plan TA - Technical Assistance UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status or any territory or area. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................... 9 I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 11 A. PROJECT BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF THE REPORT .................................... 11 B. STUDY AREA AND PROJECT CATEGORIZATION ...................................................... 14 C. METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................... 15 II. Legal, policy and Administrative Framework .................................................... 17 A. GOVERNMENT ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS, REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES ......... 17 1. Legislation .................................................................................................................. 17 2. Environmental Assessment ......................................................................................... 18 3. Public Participation ..................................................................................................... 20 4. Licenses ..................................................................................................................... 20 5. Environmental Permits ................................................................................................ 21 6. State Environmental Program 2009-2019 ................................................................... 21 7. Environmental Standards ............................................................................................ 21 8. Status of Environmental Procedure under the Country System ................................... 34 B. ADB SAFEGUARDS ...................................................................................................... 34 A. OTHER RELEVANT GUIDELINES................................................................................. 35 C. INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL COMMITMENTS ................................................ 35 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...................................................................... 37 A. OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................... 37 B. NEED FOR PROJECT ................................................................................................... 38 C. PROJECT’S COST ........................................................................................................ 38 D. LOCATION ..................................................................................................................... 38 E. SIZE OR MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION ....................................................................... 40 F. TRAFFIC VOLUME ........................................................................................................ 40 G. PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR IMPLEMENTATION ...................................................... 41 H. DETAIL OF THE PROJECT ........................................................................................... 41 I. BRIDGES AND CULVERTS ........................................................................................... 43 J. QUANTITIES FOR THE PROJECT ................................................................................ 45 K. DISPOSAL SITES .......................................................................................................... 45 L. PROPOSED CAMP SITE LOCATION ............................................................................ 48 IV. Alternatives .......................................................................................................... 49 V. Description of the Environment ......................................................................... 56 A. PHYSICAL RESOURCES IN PROJECT AREA.............................................................. 57 1. Topography ................................................................................................................ 57 2. Geology and Seismicity .............................................................................................. 57 3. Soils ............................................................................................................................ 59 4. Climate ....................................................................................................................... 62 5. Climate Change .......................................................................................................... 63 6. Air quality .................................................................................................................... 66 7. Water Resources ........................................................................................................ 66 a) Water quality .............................................................................................................. 71 b) In summary, the channel in Uyali village centre exceeds the MAC for suspended solids and salinity and at the right bank of Vaksh river the MAC for suspended solids is exceeded. In addition, the channel in Uyali exceeds the MAC for pH. Probably the main reason is that the Geology of the area is composed mainly of carbonate rocks and soil and gypsum which reduce acidity when dissolved in water. Also, the channel receives water flowing from the fields, enriched by compounds from fertilizers and pesticides which also affect the pH. All other baseline indices comply with the applied standards of Tajikistan. The complete laboratory report is in Annex 5.Ground Water .................................................................... 73 8. Noise .......................................................................................................................... 74 9. Vibrations .................................................................................................................... 74 B. ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES IN PROJECT AREA ........................................................ 75 1. Flora ........................................................................................................................... 76 2. Fauna ......................................................................................................................... 78 3. Desertification ............................................................................................................. 81 C. SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................. 83 1. Background ................................................................................................................ 83 2. Profile of the Project Area ........................................................................................... 83 3. Socio-economic Survey (SES) Methodology ............................................................... 86 4. Socioeconomic Profile of Surveyed Households ........................................................