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RISING to the URBAN CHALLENGE? the Roles, Strategies and Performance of Ngos in Lima, Peru

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RISING to the URBAN CHALLENGE? the Roles, Strategies and Performance of Ngos in Lima, Peru INTRAC The International NGO Training and Research Centre Occasional Papers Series Number 25 RISING TO THE URBAN CHALLENGE? The Roles, Strategies and Performance of NGOs in Lima, Peru Caroline Sahley with Janet Danziger January 1999 INTRAC PO Box 563 Oxford 0X2 6RZ United Kingdom Tel +44 (0)1865 201851 Fax +44 (0)1865 201852 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.intrac.org Registered Charity No. 1016676 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research which is part of a larger INTRAC study on urban NGOs (in five countries) was funded through the Economic and Social Committee on Overseas Research (ESCOR) of the Department for International Development, UK. We acknowledge with thanks, the support of other organisations and individuals who made this work possible. ACRONYMS ADEC-ATC Asociacion Laboral para le Desarrollo AIDER Asociacion para la Investigacion y Desarrollo Integral ANC National Association of Centres APIAV Association of Small Industry of Ate-Vitarte CASI Centro de Apoyo al Sector Informal CBO Community-based Organisation CENDIPP Centro de Investigacion y Promocion Popular CENTRO Instituto de Estudios Socioeconomicos y Fomento del Desarollo CODESURMI Committee of Urban Planning of the Left Margin of Chosica EU European Union ILD Institute for Liberty and Democracy INPET Instituto de promocion del Desarrollo Solidario MA Municipal Authority NGO Non-Governmental Organisation ONP Office of Neighbourhood Participation PREHAVI Programme of Housing Rehabilitation PREMOVI Programme of Housing Remodelling PROES Emergency Sanitation Programme UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................................. 5 Methodology for the Research ........................................................................................................................... 6 Organisation of the Report ................................................................................................................................. 6 PART I: THE URBAN NGO SECTOR IN LIMA, PERU ..................... 8 1. NGOS IN LIMA, PERU: STRUGGLING WITH URBAN GROWTH AND CHANGE.................................................... 8 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 8 1.2 History and Profile of the City............................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Types of Settlement ............................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Recent Socio-economic Trends ............................................................................................................ 12 1.5 Patterns of Urban Settlement in Peru.................................................................................................... 13 2. HISTORY OF NGOS IN LIMA ...................................................................................................................... 15 2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 15 2.2 The Birth of the Traditional NGO ........................................................................................................ 15 2.3 The Second Generation: NGOs in the 1980s....................................................................................... 16 2.4 The Third Generation: NGOs in the 1990s......................................................................................... 18 3. PROFILE OF THE SECTOR............................................................................................................................... 19 3.1 Methodology......................................................................................................................................... 19 3.2 Income and Size of NGOs.................................................................................................................... 19 3.3 Staff Profiles and Training ................................................................................................................... 21 3.4 Sectors of Intervention.......................................................................................................................... 21 3.5 Target Groups...................................................................................................................................... 24 3.6 Methodology of NGOs ......................................................................................................................... 25 3.7 Degree of Specialisation of NGOs in Lima.......................................................................................... 27 4. RELATIONSHIPS AND NGOS .................................................................................................................. 29 4.1 NGOs in Urban Areas: Opportunities for Collaboration........................................................................... 29 4.2 NGO−Municipal Collaboration ............................................................................................................ 29 4.3 NGO−NGO Collaboration.................................................................................................................... 33 4.4 NGO−Government Collaboration......................................................................................................... 35 4.5 NGOs and Donors ................................................................................................................................37 4.6 NGO−CBO Relations ........................................................................................................................... 38 PART II: URBAN NGO CASE STUDIES ............................................................ 41 5. CEPROMUR: CENTRE FOR URBAN PROMOTION: TARGETING THE FORGOTTEN − HOUSING AND LIMA’S INNER-CITY SLUMS ............................................................................................................................................... 41 5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 41 5.2 Development of a Strategy ................................................................................................................... 42 5.3 Opportunities, Constraints and Achievements in the Inner City .......................................................... 47 6. CASE STUDY: CENTRO IDEAS: STRENGTHENING PARTICIPATORY LOCAL DEMOCRACY...................... 52 6.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 52 6.2 Historical Background......................................................................................................................... 53 6.3 Achievements and Constraints in Urban Planning ............................................................................... 59 7. CASE STUDY: CENCA: MICRO-PLANNING IN LIMA’S SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS .................................... 63 7.1 Historical Development........................................................................................................................ 63 7.2 Models of Micro-Planning: El Agustino and Chosica.......................................................................... 66 7.3 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Micro-Planning Approach.............................................................. 69 7.4 Influencing Urban Policies: Methods, Achievements and Obstacles ................................................... 71 PART III: FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE....................... 73 8. INTERNAL ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURES: NGO CHARACTERISTICS THAT FACILITATE SUCCESS ............. 73 3 8.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 73 8.2 Organisational Structures and Leadership ............................................................................................ 73 8.3 Learning Systems ................................................................................................................................79 9. STRATEGIC FACTORS ENABLING SUCCESS ................................................................................................ 82 9.1 Introduction: NGO Strategies in an Urban Environment ..................................................................... 82 10. THE PERFORMANCE OF NGOS IN LIMA ..................................................................................................... 88 10.1 Introduction: Understanding Performance........................................................................................ 88 10.2 Scale and Replication ........................................................................................................................... 90 10.3 Influence on National Public Policy..................................................................................................... 92 10.4 Strengthens CBOs................................................................................................................................. 94 10.5 Participation.........................................................................................................................................
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