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In fact, the art of gilding was one of the finest arts after calligraphy. Artists were proud to mention their names on the manuscript, preceded by the title of “gilder”. “Diwan Jami” by Abdulrahman bin Ahmed Al-Jami, 19 Iran 1253 AH / 1837 AD. Miniature from “Kalila wa Dimna”, translatd by Abdullah bin Al-Muqaffa’ Baghdad, 747 AH / 1346 AD 20 Miniature Paintings Miniature painting is one of the traditional arts that was commonly practiced in Islamic, Asian and European countries. The miniature is a small artistic picture, painted in a book to illustrate its content. The first Arabic book in which miniatures appeared was “Kalila wa Dimna”, then in the Ilkhanate period (1256-1353), miniatures became common in Persian literary manuscripts. Miniature paintings from the “Shahnama” by Al-Hasan bin Ishaq Al-Firdawsi, th th 21 India, 13 c. AH / 19 c. AD. “Wasāya Ali ibn Abi Talib”, written by calligrapher Yaqoot bin Abdullah Al- Rumi Al-Musta’simi Baghdad, 7th C. AH / 13th C. AD 22 Qur’anic Illumination The decoration of the Qur’an and Qur’anic texts began early in the history of Islamic civilization. The names of the Suras were distinguished in some early Hijazi and Kufi manuscripts with a distinctively colored and decorated ribbon. In the Mamluk period, the decoration of the Qur’an was of great importance which led to the emergence of rare Mamluk Qur’ans which were usually commissioned by kings. Decorated bifolio from a Mumluk Qur’an “Surat Al-Ankaboot”, t th 23 Egypt 8 h c. AH / 14 c. AD. “At-Tasdiq bil-Nazar ila Allah” by Muhammad ibn Al-Husain Al-Aajari Damascus, 9th c. AH / 15th c. AD. 24 Illumination of Treasury Manuscripts This type of decoration appeared in the Abbasid period. Treasury manuscripts are those that were written and commissioned by the treasuries of kings, sultans and princes, or by the treasuries of the schools and academies that they founded. The most famous of these libraries is that of the Abbasid Caliphs in Baghdad, which remained teeming with books and precious works until it was invaded by the Tatars, and destroyed by Hulaku in 1258 AD. “Bānat Su’ad” poem by Ka’b ibn Zuhair, in praise of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), 25 Damascus, 859 AH / 1454 AD. Exhibition Sections Qur’anic Manuscripts Treasury Manuscripts Miniature / Paintings Manuscript / Frontispiece 26 Adornment of the Page One of the arts that flourished in Islamic countries in the Middle Ages was the art of decorating manuscripts and gilding them. In general, illumination occupies a central place in Islamic arts. It has its own schools, institutes and workshops, and it was full of experts in decorative arts. The Sultans and kings embraced calligraphers and embellishers; several schools of decoration and portraying emerged and reflected the historical and cultural stages of Islamic civilization: such as: Baghdadi, Mughal, Ottoman, Persian, and Indian. This exhibition is concerned with showing the decoration and gilding of various Islamic manuscripts and oers an aesthetic experience. The exhibition contains 60 dierent types of these decorated manuscripts. It is divided into four sections: the decoration of the Qur’an, the manuscript frontispiece, treasury manuscripts, and miniatures. Exhibition Goals - Showcase the various types of Islamic manuscripts - Present the key elements of manuscript illustration and calligraphy. - Highlight the aesthetic qualities of illumination and gliding. 27 28 Alfaisal Museum of Arab Islamic Art The mission of the Alfaisal museum at KFCRIS is to increase the public’s awareness of the inspirational aspects of the Islamic civilization which is characterized by the geographic, material and historical breadth it represents. No other civilization has what Islam civilization had of multidisciplinary areas, widening the geographic spread and the extension of time. The collection contains thousands of objects representing various Muslim communities over the previous centuries, to encourage Muslim youths’ engagement with their history in order to connect their past to their future. 29 King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies The King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies (KFCRIS) was established in 1983/1403 to continue the noble mission of the late king Faizal bin Abdulaziz in promoting knowledge between the Kingdom and the rest of the world. The Center serves as a research platform bringing together researchers and institutions to preserve, publish, and produce scholastic work, and to enrich the cultural and intellectual society in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, while acting as a bridge connecting the east and west. e Vision To be a human resource for academic, intellectual, and cultural knowledge. e Message To enrich the academic and cultural scene locally and internationally with original research, resources, and unique experiences. e Values Spreading knowledge – Enabling academic research – Preserving human heritage. 30 31 .
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