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Arab-Israeli Conflict

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Arab-Israeli Conflict A GUIDE TO THE Arab-Israeli Conflict By Mitchell G. Bard American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE) 2810 Blaine Dr. Chevy Chase, MD 20815 http://www.JewishVirtualLibrary.org Copyright © American Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE) Inc., 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of AICE, Inc. ISBN: 1537152726 ISBN 13: 9781537152721 Printed in the United States of America American Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE) 2810 Blaine Dr. Chevy Chase, MD 20815 Tel.: 301- 565- 3918 Fax: 301- 587- 9056 E- mail: [email protected] http://www.JewishVirtualLibrary.org Other studies available from AICE (all are now available on our website): Israel Studies: An Anthology Partners for Change: How U.S.- Israel Cooperation Can Benefit America Learning Together: Israeli Innovations in Education That Could Benefit Americans Breakthrough Dividend: Israeli Innovations in Biotechnology That Could Benefit Americans Experience Counts: Innovative Programs for the Elderly in Israel That Can Benefit Americans Building Bridges: Lessons for America from Novel Israeli Approaches to Promote Coexistence Good Medicine: Israeli Innovations in Health Care That Could Benefit Americans Rewriting History in Textbooks On One Foot: A Middle East Guide for the Perplexed or How to Respond on Your Way to Class, When Your Best Friend Joins an Anti- Israel Protest Tenured or Tenuous: Defining the Role of Faculty in Supporting Israel on Campus Production, new cover art by CreateSpace Original book logo design, cover concept, typography, map illustration: Danakama / Nick Moscovitz / NYC. Additional maps by North Market Street Graphics and the media and public affairs division in the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Contents Preface ....................................................................................................................................................v 1 Israel’s Roots .................................................................................................................................1 2 The British Mandate Period...................................................................................................13 3 Partition ....................................................................................................................................... 27 4 The War of 1948 .......................................................................................................................35 5 The 1956 Suez War and the 1967 Six-Day War ............................................................43 6 The War of Attrition (1967–1970) and the 1973 Yom Kippur War ..........................60 7 Borders and Boundaries ........................................................................................................69 8 Israel and Lebanon ..................................................................................................................88 9 Terrorism ...................................................................................................................................102 10 The United Nations ................................................................................................................132 11 Refugees ....................................................................................................................................141 12 Human Rights ..........................................................................................................................171 13 Jerusalem ..................................................................................................................................207 14 US Middle East Policy ............................................................................................................225 15 The Peace Process ..................................................................................................................245 16 Settlements .............................................................................................................................. 290 17 The Nuclear Issue .................................................................................................................. 299 18 The Media .................................................................................................................................323 19 The Campaign to Delegitimize Israel...............................................................................344 Index of Myths .................................................................................................................................365 Alphabetical Index .........................................................................................................................373 Suggested Reading ...................................................................................................................... 388 About the American- Israeli Cooperative Enterprise ............................................................391 About the Author ............................................................................................................................392 TABLES 1— Jewish Immigrants to Palestine ...................................................................................... 16 2—Palestinian Refugees in UNRWA Camps (January 2016) ....................................162 3—Jerusalem’s Population .................................................................................................. 208 4— Foreign Military Financing (FMF) Orders by State .................................................236 5—“Consensus” Settlements ...............................................................................................295 MAPS 1— Great Britain’s Division of the Mandated Area, 1921–1923 .................................14 2— The Balfour Declaration Britain’s Promise to the Jews ........................................... 17 3— The Partition Plan— 1947— UN General Assembly Resolution 181 ......................28 iv Contents 4— Peel Commission Partition Plan, July 1937 ................................................................ 31 5— The Arab Invasion, May 15, 1948 .................................................................................36 6— Armistice Lines, 1949.........................................................................................................38 7— Terrorist Attacks, 1951–1956 ...........................................................................................44 8— The Sinai Campaign, 1956 ..............................................................................................44 9— The Golan Heights Prior to the 1967 War: Distances and Elevations ...............48 10— Israel before June 1967 .................................................................................................50 11— Events Leading to the Six-Day War, May 25–30, 1967........................................53 12— The Egyptian Front, June 5–8, 1967 ..........................................................................55 13— The Battle for Jerusalem, June 5–7, 1967 ................................................................ 57 14— Israel after the Six-Day War, June 10, 1967 ............................................................61 15— Egyptian and Syrian Attacks, Oct. 6, 1973 ...............................................................65 16— Peace with Egypt .............................................................................................................. 70 17— The Golan Heights Ridge Line .....................................................................................72 18— Relative Size of the Golan Heights.............................................................................. 74 19— Range of Fire from Judea & Samaria (West Bank) ...............................................77 20— Israel— PLO Interim Agreements since 1993 ............................................................ 78 21— Flying Times to Israel ......................................................................................................80 22— 2nd Lebanon War ............................................................................................................92 23— Israel’s Border with Lebanon (in 2000) ....................................................................94 24— Range of Fire from Lebanon .........................................................................................96 25— Jewish Refugees from Arab States, 1948–1972...................................................142 26— Divided Jerusalem, 1948–1967.................................................................................211 27— Distances between Israeli Population Centers and Pre-1967 Armistice Lines .............................................................................................250 28— Range of Fire from Gaza ..............................................................................................252 29— The Palestinian Authority’s Map of Palestine ........................................................261 30— Water Resources .............................................................................................................267 31— The Future Borders of Israel and Palestine? ..........................................................297 32— Israel: Size and Dimensions........................................................................................346 Preface The great
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