Species of Garra and Discogobio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) In
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Zoological Studies 44(4): 445-453 (2005) Species of Garra and Discogobio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Yuanjiang (Upper Red River) Drainage of Yunnan Province, China with Description of a New Species Wei Zhou1,2,*, Xiao-Fu Pan1, and Maurice Kottelat3 1Faculty of Conservation Biology, Southwest Forestry College, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China. Tel: 86-871-3862458. Fax: 86-871-3863635. E-mail: [email protected] 2Faculty of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China 3Route de la Baroche 12, Case postale 57, CH-2952 Cornol, Switzerland (permanent address); Research Associate, Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge 119260, Singapore. E-mail: [email protected] (Accepted July 20, 2005) Wei Zhou, Xiao-Fu Pan, and Maurice Kottelat (2005) Species of Garra and Discogobio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in the Yuanjiang (Upper Red River) drainage of Yunnan Province, China with a description of a new species. Zoological Studies 44(4): 445-453. The species of Garra Hamilton and Discogobio Lin from the Yuanjiang (Red River) drainage in Yunnan Province, China are reviewed. Six species are recorded. Placocheilus Wu is a synonym of Garra. Garra alticorpora Chu and Cui is a synonym of G. imberba Garman (the G. pingi Tchang of earlier authors). Garra micropulvinus, a new species, is unique among Garra in having a median notch in the posterior margin of the oral sucking disc and 2-7 small fleshy buds between the skin fold and the side of the median pad. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/44.4/445.pdf Key words: Discogobio, Garra micropulvinus, Garra, Placocheilus, Red River. Three nominal genera of the Labeoinae verse, and semicircular. The rostral cap and lower (family Cyprinidae) (Garra Hamilton, Placocheilus lip are continuous at the mouth corner, but without Wu, Discogobio Lin) are characterized by the lateral lobes. The lower lip is thick and fleshy and lower lip which is modified into an adhesive disk. forms an oral sucking disc on the chin, which is of They are collectively called below the Garra group. variable shape but usually rounded. This oral Six species are known in the Yuanjiang (also sucking disc allows these fishes to adhere to the known as Hong He, the Red River in English, and surface of rocks or stones and to maintain their the Song Hong in Vietnamese) drainage in position in rapidly flowing waters. Yunnan Province, China: G. imberba Garman, G. Since 1996, the authors have surveyed the orientalis Nichols, G. alticorpora Chu and Cui, P. ichthyofauna of the Yuanjiang drainage in Yunnan caudofasciatus (Pellegrin and Chevey), D. yunna- Province and have collected various material of nensis (Regan), and D. brachyphysallidos Huang the Garra group from the tributaries, including the (see Chu 1987, Chu and Cui 1987, Chu and Chen Lixianjiang, Tentiaohe, Xinxianhe, Nanxihe, 1989, Chu et al. 1993). Panlonghe, and Luzhijiang (the suffixes“-jiang” Most members of the Garra group are small- and“-he”mean“river”in Chinese) (Fig. 1). Some to medium-sized fish with a rounded, cylindrical specimens from the Panlonghe were found to dif- body, usually with a flat belly. The paired fins fer from all known members of the Garra group. extend horizontally. The mouth is inferior, trans- They represent a new species described below, in *To whom all correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. 445 446 Zoological Studies 44(4): 445-453 (2005) the context of a review of the members of the ing characters of the oral sucking disc. The rostral Garra group in the Yuanjiang drainage of Yunnan cap is curved ventrally and connected with the Province. lower lip at the corners of the mouth. The edge of the rostral cap is fringed or crenulated, and cov- ered with papillae. The upper and lower jaws have MATERIALS AND METHODS a cutting horny sheath. The upper lip is missing. The lower lip extends backwards and forms a The examined materials are deposited in the round to elliptical oral sucking disc on the chin. collections of the Museum of the Southwest The lateral and posterior edges are free, around a Forestry College (SWFC), Kunming Institute of median, fleshy pad whose shape is variable (and Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (KIZ), and often diagnostic for species). of the 3rd author (CMK). The method for obtaining In the genus Discogobio (Fig. 2E-F), the counts and measurements followed Hubbs and median pad is rounded, its transverse diameter is Lagler (1947), except that the count of lateral line equal to or somewhat larger than half of the mouth scales includes the scales on the caudal-fin base. width, and it is surrounded laterally and anteriorly Abbreviations used in the text are: m asl, meters by a horseshoe-shaped swelling, which is separat- above sea level; co., county; prov., province; r., ed from the median pad by a groove. The river; and SL, standard length. swelling, the lateral and posterior fields of the oral sucking disc, and part or all of the median pad are covered by papillae. The anterior edge of the oral RESULTS sucking disc is made by a narrow skin flange between the lower jaw and the swelling. Morphological comparison of the oral sucking In the genus Garra (Fig. 2A-C), the fleshy disc median pad is larger, and its transverse diameter is about equal to the width of the mouth. The Members of the Garra group share the follow- median pad is margined anteriorly and anterolater- 26°N g n ia ij h z u L g n jia n Y a u p a n n a j N ia n 24 N g ° P a 23°27' n Io n g N h e a n T x e i ng h ti Y e L ao u a h a n e n c jia a n n Lixianjiang g g j ia n g 22°N 100°E 102°E 104°E Fig. 1. Distribution of the Garra group in southern Yunnan. Discogobio yunnanensis (solid circle), D. brachyphysallidos (solid square), Garra micropulvinus (half-solid circle), G. imberba (solid triangle), G. orientalis (half-solid triangle), and G. caudofasciata (half-solid square). Based on examined material and reliable records. Zhou et al. -- New Species of Garra 447 ally by a narrow, arched skin fold; the pad and the the groove around it. On both sides of the median fold are separated by a groove. Papillae are pre- pad there are 2-7 small fleshy buds between the sent on the free part of the oral sucking disc and skin fold and the median pad. The part of the skin on the fold; they are absent from the median pad. fold anterior to the median pad is wider than the There is no narrow skin flange between the lower posterior part. The median pad is divided into two jaw and the arched skin fold. parts by a shallow groove: the anterior part is In G. micropulvinus (Fig. 2D), the fleshy medi- semicircular and entirely covered by flat and low an pad is smaller, and its transverse diameter is papillae, while the posterior part is triangular and almost equal to half the mouth width. The median its surface is smooth (without papillae). There are pad is almost entirely surrounded by a skin fold, densely set papillae on the skin fold. There is no and there is only a narrow posterior interruption in narrow skin flange between the lower jaw and the (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) Fig. 2. Oral sucking discs of (A) Garra imberba, SWFC0111233, Namoguo, Wenshan Co., Yunnan; (B) G. caudofasciata, SWFC9712992, Baiheqiao, Pinbian Co., Yunnan; (C) G. orientalis, SWFC97121423, Hekou, Hekou Co., Yunnan; (D) G. micropulvinus, paratype, SWFC0111008, Gaji, Wenshan Co., Yunnan; (E) Discogobio yunnanensis, SWFC0111317, Yaodian, Wenshan Co., Yunnan; (F) D. brachyphysallidos, SWFC0111031, Gaji, Wenshan Co., Yunnan. 448 Zoological Studies 44(4): 445-453 (2005) skin fold. 0112086-0112089, 0201001-0201036, 41, 29.0- We considered the possibility that G. microp- 94.0 mm SL; Shundianhe (23 22.915'N,104 06.171'E) ulvinus could represent a distinct genus. The in Wenshan Co.; 1378 m asl.° ° reduced and divided central pad, the presence of Diagnosis: See under D. yunnanensis for lateral buds, and the posterior notch are very dis- characters distinguishing the two species. tinctive, and they constitute good diagnostic char- Distribution: In Yunnan, D. brachyphysallidos acters. But the general structure of the disc is known from the Panlonghe drainage, a small remains the same as in other Garra. To treat G. tributary of the Yuanjiang (Fig. 1). It also occurs in micropulvinus as a distinct genus would require the Nanpanjiang drainage. demonstrating that the remaining species of Garra Remarks: Discogobio brachyphysallidos was form a monophyletic lineage and that G. micropul- originally described on the basis of material from vinus is the sister species of that lineage, or that Yiliang and Luoping (Huang 1989). Chu et al. several lineages can be diagnosed and named (1993) reexamined this material and showed that within Garra. While it cannot be excluded that the specimens from Yiliang in fact belong to D. Garra is a polyphyletic genus, without a proper yunnanensis. The original description (Huang phylogenetic analysis (which should also include 1989) does not mention the dark midlateral stripe Discogobio and similar-looking labeonine genera), which we observe in our material. The caudal fin such a decision is not possible. is dark gray in specimens from Shundianhe (29-94 mm SL), while it is red or orange in those from Gaji Key to the species of the Garra Group in the (93-119 mm SL). It is presently impossible to Yuanjiang drainage of Yunnan Province determine whether this is due to inter-population variability or size difference, or if it has taxonomic 1a.