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Visualizza/Apri POLITECNICO DI MILANO School of Industrial and Information Engineering Master of Science in Management Engineering Digital Transformation in the Transportation Industry: LATAM Analysis Master Graduation Thesis by: Hernán Campos ID number: 863002 Supervisor: Prof. Giovanni Miragliotta Co-supervisor: Dr. Elisa Convertini and Dr. Anna Bergamini ______________________________________________________________ Academic Year: 2017 – 2018 Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the transformation in the transportation industry enabled by the development on digital technologies. To understand how this industry is changing, the study will start from a general view, realizing a recap on how technologies advancements have affected our mobility through history until the transportation of today. Then, the research will also connect the transport to the Industry 4.0, Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cloud applications and the definition of future trends in the sector. Furthermore, a focus will be performed on the Latin America region, evaluating the business opportunities and attractiveness for an IT System Integrator Company in the transportation market of the relevant Latin America countries’ such as: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. This analysis will be sustained by exploring each country in the following aspects: economic and social situation, politic situation, digital situation, future expectations of economy, and a transport system analysis overview. A deeper case study will be presented on one specific actor of the sector, Lima Metro Line 1 Company, commercially known as CONCAR S.A. Besides the bibliographical research, to support the case study, an interview and questionnaire will be carried out to Mario Bolivar, actual Communication Coordinator of Lima Metro Line 1 Company. Mr. Bolivar will help to identify actual functionalities needed in a transportation company and define future trends regarding IT systems. Finally, the results and the interpretations will be presented on the Chapter 5, together with future opportunities for transport operators in the sector . Key Words: Transportation, Digital Technologies, Latin America, Business Opportunities, IT System. Table of Content Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Objectives and Methodologies ....................................................................................................................... 6 1. The Transport Industry ........................................................................................................... 10 1.1. Overview Transport Supply Chain ........................................................................................... 10 1.1.1. Transportation System Description ......................................................................................... 10 1.1.2. Transportation Modes ............................................................................................................. 11 1.1.2.1. Road Transportation ................................................................................................................ 11 1.1.2.2. Rail Transportation .................................................................................................................. 11 1.1.2.3. Air Transportation ................................................................................................................... 12 1.1.2.4. Water Transportation .............................................................................................................. 13 1.1.3. Comparison between Transportation Modes ......................................................................... 15 1.1.4. Transportation main Players ................................................................................................... 16 1.1.5. Transportation Infrastructure .................................................................................................. 17 1.1.5.1. Roads Infrastructure ................................................................................................................ 17 1.1.5.2. Railways Infrastructure ............................................................................................................ 19 1.1.5.3. Airport Infrastructure .............................................................................................................. 20 1.1.5.4. Water Ports Infrastructure ...................................................................................................... 21 1.2. Transportation Industry Evolution........................................................................................... 22 1.2.1. Transportation in the Pre-Industrial Revolution ...................................................................... 23 1.2.2. Transportation during the First Industrial Revolution ............................................................. 24 1.2.3. The Emergence of Modern Transportation Systems (19th Century) ...................................... 25 1.2.4. Transportation System during the Second Industrial Revolution and the Automobile Expansion ................................................................................................................................ 26 1.2.5. The Transportation System during the Third Industrial Revolution ........................................ 28 1.2.6. Industry 4.0 and the Transportation of Today ......................................................................... 29 1.3. Trends: The Future of Mobility ................................................................................................ 31 1.3.1. On-Premises VS Cloud Model Application in the Transportation Industry ............................. 31 1.3.1.1. The On-Premises Model .......................................................................................................... 32 1.3.1.2. The Cloud Model ..................................................................................................................... 33 1.3.1.3. On Premise VS Cloud Model: main drivers .............................................................................. 36 1.3.2. Intelligent Transport System ................................................................................................... 38 1.3.3. Artificial Intelligence in Transportation ................................................................................... 39 2. Market Analysis in LATAM ..................................................................................................... 43 2.1. Introduction to Latin America ................................................................................................. 43 2.2. Latin America countries’ Analysis and Overview ..................................................................... 46 2.2.1. Argentina ................................................................................................................................. 46 2.2.2. Brazil ........................................................................................................................................ 56 2.2.3. Chile ......................................................................................................................................... 66 2.2.4. Colombia .................................................................................................................................. 76 2.2.5. Mexico ..................................................................................................................................... 84 2.2.6. Peru ......................................................................................................................................... 94 2.3. Synthesis ................................................................................................................................ 104 3. IT System in Transport Industry ............................................................................................................. 110 3.1. Main IT Systems supporting the transport operations processes ......................................... 110 3.1.1. Asset Management ................................................................................................................ 110 3.1.2. E-governance ......................................................................................................................... 111 3.1.3. Freight Transportation Services ............................................................................................. 111 3.1.4. Passenger Information System .............................................................................................. 112 3.1.5. Security .................................................................................................................................. 112 3.1.6. Automated Fare Collection .................................................................................................... 113 3.1.7. Traffic and transport management ....................................................................................... 113 3.2. Description and map of competitors’ offering in Latin America ........................................... 114 3.2.1. GIRO Inc. ................................................................................................................................ 114 3.2.2. GMV Innovating Solutions ....................................................................................................
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