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49360-001: Big Almaty Ring Road (BAKAD) PPP Toll Road Project

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49360-001: Big Almaty Ring Road (BAKAD) PPP Toll Road Project Draft Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (Main Report) Project Number: 49360-001 September 2018 KAZ: BAKAD PPP Toll Road Project Prepared by Environmental Resources Management (ERM) Eurasia. This environmental and social impact assessment report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “Terms of Use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Big Almaty Ring Road (BAKAD) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report (for ADB Disclosure) Draft report (Rev. 3.1) Volume II Prepared for BAKAD Consortium 12 September 2018 www.erm.com The business of sustainability DRAFT REPORT BAKAD Project Draft Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report (for ADB Disclosure) Volume II Revision 3.1 Prepared for: BAKAD Consortium Prepared by: ERM Eurasia 12 September, 2018 This report has been prepared by ERM Eurasia (ERM) with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the contract with the client, incorporating ERM’s General Terms and Conditions of Business and taking account of the manpower and resources devoted to it by agreement with the client. ERM disclaims any responsibility to the client and others in respect of any matters outside the scope of the above. This report is confidential to the client and ERM accepts no responsibility of whatsoever nature to third parties whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such party relies upon the report PROJECT NO. 0457363 at their own risk. The business of sustainability TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 9 1 INTRODUCTION & CONTEXT 15 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT 15 1.2 CONTEXT OF ALL DOCUMENTS COMPRISING THE ESIA PACKAGE 16 1.3 OVERVIEW OF THE ESIA APPROACH 17 1.4 NEXT STEPS IN THE ESIA PROCESS 19 1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THIS REPORT 20 2 PROJECT SUMMARY 23 2.1 SUBSTANTIATION OF THE PROJECT 23 2.2 KEY DESIGN SOLUTIONS 23 General Information 23 Key Technical Data 30 RoW Earthworks, Drainage and Diversion Activites 31 Road Surfacing 34 Junctions and Crossings 34 Culverts 37 Road Facilities 40 2.3 CONSTRUCTION STAGE 46 Construction Activities 46 Water Abstraction and Wastewater Management 46 Demand for Construction Personnel 47 Demand for Materials 47 Temporary Facilities 48 Delivery of Construction Materials 51 Waste Management 53 2.4 REVIEW OF ALTERNATIVES 55 Alternative Routes 55 Zero Alternative 56 2.5 MEASURES ENVISAGED IN THE DESIGN TO PREVENT AND/OR MINIMISE POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 59 ERM EURASIA BAKAD ESIA BAKAD CONSORTIUM ESIA REPORT, VOL. II, DRAFT REV. 3.1 4 2.6 MEASURES PROPOSED IN THE DESIGN TO PREVENT AND/OR MINIMISE POTENTIAL SOCIAL IMPACTS 61 2.7 PERMITTING STATUS 63 3 SUMMARY OF STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT TO DATE 64 3.1 INTRODUCTION 64 3.2 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT HISTORY 64 2006-2008 64 2008-2013 64 2013 64 3.3 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT DURING ESIA PREPARATION 66 Socio economic baseline data collection 66 Field Social Survey and Consultations 67 Consultations with Representatives of District and Rural Administrations 67 Focus group discussion 68 Questionnaire Survey 69 Project Website 70 Community Liaison officer 71 3.4 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT DURING THE NATIONAL EIA PROCESS 71 3.5 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT 72 4 LEGAL FRAMEWORK 73 4.1 INTRODUCTION 73 4.2 IFIS REQUIREMENTS TO THE PROJECT 73 EBRD Requirements 73 IFC Requirements 76 Asian Development Bank Requirements 79 ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 79 ADB Safeguard Categorization 80 Islamic Development Bank Requirements 81 International Conventions 82 Requirements of other International Financial Institutions 83 4.3 NATIONAL LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN 84 General environmental and public health protection requirements 85 Development of design documents, State Expertise (Review) 85 Environmental Impact Assessment and State Environmental Review 86 Involvement of the public in environmentally significant decisions 87 Land expropriation and resettlement process 87 ERM EURASIA BAKAD ESIA BAKAD CONSORTIUM ESIA REPORT, VOL. II, DRAFT REV. 3.1 5 Spatial constraints 87 Protection of environmental components 88 Waste management 90 Sanitary and epidemiological welfare of population 90 Labour and working conditions and Industrial safty 90 Protection of cultural and historical heritage 91 Requirements to roads construction and operation 91 5 ESIA METHODOLOGY 92 5.1 INTRODUCTION 92 5.2 ESIA PURPOSES 92 5.3 SCREENING 95 5.4 SCOPING 95 5.5 PROJECT DESCRIPTION, ALTERNATIVES AND INTERACTION WITH PROJECT PLANNING AND DESIGN 95 5.6 BASELINE STUDIES 95 5.7 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 96 5.8 MANAGEMENT & MONITORING 101 5.9 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT 101 6 ENVRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 102 6.1 INTRODUCTION 102 6.2 GEOLOGY AND SOILS 102 Introduction 102 Summary of Baseline Findings 103 Project Activities and Related Impacts 105 Summary of Potential Impacts and Identified Project Mitigation Measures 105 6.3 HYDROGEOLOGY AND GROUND WATER 111 Introduction 111 Summary of Baseline Findings 111 Project Activities and Related Impacts 113 Summary of Potential Impacts and Identified Project Mitigation Measures 113 6.4 SURFACE WATER 118 Introduction 118 Summary of Baseline Findings 118 Project Activities and Related Impacts 119 Summary of Potential Impacts and Identified Project Mitigation Measures 121 ERM EURASIA BAKAD ESIA BAKAD CONSORTIUM ESIA REPORT, VOL. II, DRAFT REV. 3.1 6 6.5 BIODIVERSITY 127 Introduction 127 Summary of Baseline Findings 127 Project Activities and Related Impacts 132 Summary of Potential Impacts and Identified Project Mitigation Measures 133 6.6 AIR QUALITY 140 Introduction 140 Summary of Baseline Findings and Sensitive Receptors 140 Project activities and Related Impacts 144 Summary of Significant Impacts 147 6.7 PROJECTED GHG EMISSIONS 151 Estimation of GHG emissions during the construction stage 151 Estimation of GHG emissions during the operation stage 151 6.8 NOISE AND VIBRATION 152 Introduction 152 Summary of Baseline Findings and Sensitive Receptors 153 Project activities and Related Impacts 155 Summary of Significant Impacts 158 7 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 160 7.1 AREA OF INFLUENCE 160 7.2 METHODOLOGY 162 7.3 SUMMARY OF SOCIO-BASELINE FINDINGS 165 Administrative Division 165 Demographics 167 Economy, Employment and Income 168 Infrastructure and Public Services 169 Vulnerable Groups 170 7.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS 173 Assessment of Impacts on Local and National Economy and Employment 173 Assessment of Impacts on Transport Infrastructure 178 7.5 COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY 181 Assessment of Impact on Traffic Accidents 181 Assessment of Impact on Dust, Air and Emissions Disturbance and Nuisance 185 Assessment of Impact on Community Exposure to Disease and Anti-Social Behaviour 185 ERM EURASIA BAKAD ESIA BAKAD CONSORTIUM ESIA REPORT, VOL. II, DRAFT REV. 3.1 7 Assessment of Impact on Conflict with Security Personnel 187 7.6 IMPACTS ON LOCAL COMMUNITIES 188 Introduction 188 Karasaysky District 189 Iliysky District 204 Talgarsky District 219 Zhambylsky District 234 Enbekshikazakhsky District 235 7.7 DISPLACEMENT OF EXISTING LAND, USE, PROPERTY AND PEOPLE 237 Introduction 237 Summary of Baseline Findings and Sensitive Receptors 238 Overview of Land Acquisition Process 239 Overview of Land Acquired for the Project 240 Summary of Impacts Related to Land Acquisition 241 7.8 ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE 243 Introduction 243 Summary of Baseline Findings and Sensitive Receptors 244 Summary of Significant Impacts 250 7.9 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS ON VULNERABLE GROUPS 254 Introduction 254 7.10 LABOR AND WORKING CONDITIONS FOR EMPLOYEES 257 Introduction 257 General employment rules in Kazakhstan 257 BAKAD Employment conditions 258 Mitigation measures 262 ERM EURASIA BAKAD ESIA BAKAD CONSORTIUM ESIA REPORT, VOL. II, DRAFT REV. 3.1 8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS µg/m³ Microgram per cubic metre µm Micron µS/cm Microsiemens/centimetre AAD Annual Average Day AADT Annual average daily traffic AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIS Automatic Identification Systems Al Aluminium ALARP As Low As Reasonably Practicable AoI Area of Influence As Arsen ASCI Area of Special Conservation Interest asl Above Sea Level AST Aboveground Storage Tank ASTM American Standard Society for Testing Material ATS Action Tracking System Ba Barium bgl Below Ground Level bn Billion BOD Biological Oxygen Demand BOT Build, Operate and Transfer BP Before present BTEX benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene ºC Celsius CaCl2 Calcium chloride CAGR compound average growth rate Cat Category CBD Convention on Biodiversity cc Cubic centimetre Cd Cadmium CESMP Construction Environmental and Social Management Plan CFP Chance Finds Procedure CH Cultural Heritage CHMP Cultural Heritage Management Plan ERM EURASIA BAKAD ESIA BAKAD CONSORTIUM ESIA REPORT, VOL. II, DRAFT REV. 3.1 9 CIA Cumulative Impact Assessment CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CLO Community Liaison Officer cm centimetre CM Change Management CMP Construction Management Plan / Change Management Plan CNA Community Needs Assessment CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide COD Chemical Oxygen Demand Cr Chrome CR Critically Endangered Cu Copper dB(A) Decibel,
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