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ON the NORTH AMERIC.\N SPECIES of CHOREUTIS and If.S ALI-II1S

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ON the NORTH AMERIC.\N SPECIES of CHOREUTIS and If.S ALI-II1S 236 TI{E CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. The author also speaks of the beautiful colours and the spine-bearing tubercles of the Saturniian larve. 'Ihe larva of Co!axa nulttfenestrata, H. Sch., is the urost strikingll'beautiful I have seen. In Automeris jattus, Cr., the spine defense system is carried to an extreme ; the length of the prcfusely branching spines is r5 mm. to 25 mm.' or twice the diameter of the body, and so abundant that the larva ]ooks like a bunch of moss a few yards arvay ; while the quantity of poison contairred in these spines is so great that during the process of inflating, the fumes which are driven off with the vapour are positively dangerous to the operator. ON THE NORTH AMERIC.\N SPECIES OF CHOREUTIS AND If.S ALI-II1S. BY PROF. C. H. FERNALD' AX{HERS'I'' ]\TASS. About fifteen years ago I obtained from Dr. O. Staudinger a series of all the species placed under the Choreutida: in his CatalogLre of the Lepidoptera of the European Fauna (r87r), and made a critical str.rdy of their structure to aifl in the arrangement of our North American species. This sturJy also 1ed me to look trp the nomenclature of these insects, and the results are given in this PaPer. .Ihere has been a grorvine tendency for some time to use the generic names proposed by Hr.ibner, and while at first I rvas not inclined to adopt the genera in his Tentamen, .I nor' feel compelled to do so' It is not uecessar-y to argue this qr.restion, since both sides were so ably pre- sented years ago in this journal. Hiibner, in his Tentamen published in r8o6, proposed the name Irentera/hiltt, with pariana the only species under it, and we must there- fore consider it the type. 'l'he genus Simrethis rvas established by Leach in the article " Eutomology," pubiished in Brewster's Edinburgh En- cyclopedia in r8r5, with detian4 Hlib., for the type. This Encyclopedia rvas re-published in Philadelphia iD r8r6. I 1.rave not seen the Edinburgh edition, bnt understand that the American edition norv before me is a re;rrint, at least so ihr as the article " Entomology " is concerned' Denlana, Hi-ib., rvhich is a synonyrn of oryacanthcl/a, L', is congeneric with trariona, Cl. Ic., and therefore Sixtetltis mtlst fall as a synonym of Eetnerolhi/a. I{iibner published the genr-rs Guaris in l.ris Verzeichniss, p. 37+, wirh alhet liana, Cram', szttederiarta, Stoll., arld rt/eetnanniana, Cram,, uncler it. Ls olbertianaseems to have been the only one of these TI{I'] CANADIAN I]NTO.MOLOGIST. ,2n species knorvn to Hiibner, I anr of the opinion that it should be regarded as the type of Gauris. Hiibner has given an excellent figure of this species Lrnder the narne of r{enero!/:tila lerlrcta A/bertiana in his Sammlung exotoscher Schmetterlinge, Vol. I., pl. zr3 (rgz3). Zeller, who studied several examples of this species rvith his usual care, placed it in the genus Sinrethis. We may therefore regard, Gaurzs as a synonym o[ ]{eneroph ila. Hiibner established the genr.rs C/roreutis in his Verzeicbniss, p, 373, rvith five species under it, all of which, except rliarta and. scitttilu/ona, Hirb. (a synonyn of rtyllerana, Fab.), are congeneric witir /ariana, and. lrave beerr placed with it wder Simrethis,which may now be replaced by ,flemero!hi/a. 'Ihe last species, my//erana, has been taken as the type of Sitnrcl/ris, while rliana has been placed with oryacantle//a, L., arrd its allies, but its structural characters difier so rnuch from the others that r feel justified in following Guenee, rvho separated it and established the gents Orc/tent ia for its reception. Imrnediately follorving C/toreutis, orr the same page of the Ver- zeiclrniss, Hiibner estabiished the genus porpe, with oniv one species ttnder it,i6brana (a misprint for aibrana, FIiib.). and as this species is congeneric with myl/erana, Porl)e must fall as a synoryrx of choreutis. ,,Historical It was shown by Dr. Scudder in his Sketch of the Generic Names Proposed for Butterilies,,,p. 96 (rgZ5), that althorrgh the title page of HLibner's verzeichniss bears the crate of rg16, theie was internal evidence sufficient to prove that it was not all published at that time. r have only conce'red myself with the time of p.blication of the part containing the Microlepidoptera. l'here is a reference on page 3r2 to the I'hird century of the ZLrtrage, the introcluction to which is dated A,,tg.27, 1825, br,rt this page is in a signature rvl.rich begins on page 3o5. The Third Century of the Zutrage, on page 34, makes reference to page zg4 of the verzeichniss, bnt this page is in a signature rvhich ends r,vith page 3o4. I therefore conclude that the first 3o4 pages of the verzeichniss were pubiished before Arg. 27, r825, and the pages follow- ing, betzaeen this date and the trrne of Friibner's death, which occurred Sept. 13, r826. It js barely possible that this part of the Verzeichni* may have been irublished late in r825, b't as Hiib'er himself made no reference to it in Ar:gust, it seems more probable that it could not have been prepared and published before lan., 1826, and therefore I ha'e adopted 238 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. r8z6asthedateofpublicationoftlratpartoftheVerzeichnissoccurring after pa.ge 3o4, the part including the N{icrolepidoptera' SYNOPSIS OF l'HE GENERA. and 8 of fore wings forked " " ' Orchemia' r' f Veins 7 fv.intTandBofforewingsnotforked """""2' ( palpi short and blunt ' ' Ifemerophila' 2' Third sesment of ' " l fni.a selment of palpi long an<i pointed " " " '3' lsecondSegmentofpalpirvithlongbristlesbeneath......Cltoreutis. 3' l se.ond se[ment of palpi rvithout fong bristles beneath " " ' " " 4' ( --"'-Antennre thickened witl.r scales along the middle ,.' l tuou". I Arrt.nnae not thickened rvith scales ' " .' " 5' (Palpislightlycurvedup...' ' ""Brentltia' 5 { eoriri .niu.d up close to the front Setiostoma' Genus ORCHEMIA, Gnen., Ind Meth', p' 5S (r8a5)' llead smootl.r, scarcely rounded in front; labial palpi medirrm' slightly curving up in front, second segment a little roughened beneath' the scales at the end forming a tooth pointing obliquely down and for- to the ward ; third segment enlarged with scales at lhe outer end sirnilar second segment; proboscis short and scaled basally ; ocelli present ; in ar)tennee about half the length of the costa, ciliate in the male, simple upper the female I thorax smooth ; hind tibi:e rvith long scales along tl.re side and micidle, and hind tibirc thickened with scales at the middle and errd. Fore wings ovate or sonlervhat tri:Lngular, lvith tvrelve veins' r with a rvings long fork at the base, 7 and 8 forked, the others separate' Hind a little rvider than the fore rvings, with r b forked at the base' 3 and 4 near the forked or fronr one point, 7 anci 8 connected by an oblique vein basal fourth of the wing. lledian vein not pectinate towards the base above. Oncurrire oraNe, Hfrb. Tortrix diatta, ]F.i]o' Sam' tr,ur. Schm' 'I'ort', P\' 44, l-ig' 247 (r823). r C/toreutis diatta, lF;ib. Verz. Schn.r., p. 373 (r826)' Sintcethis diana, H.-5. Sch. Eur.,Vol'V', p'94, Pl'38, Figs' 257- z6r (r839). Cocclx tlecoratta, 4efl. Ins' Lap', 982 (t84o)' TI{T CANADIAN INTOMOLOGIST. o?0 Simret/ris diana, ZeIl. Isis, Vol. 3o, p. zog (rga6). AnQ/tisa luridana, \Yalk. Cat. Lep. Ifer., zg, p. 3rg (rg63). Expanse of lvings, r5-r7 _ mm. Ilead, thorax and fore lvings green, the latter with the first cross line dark brorvn or black, much thicker on the costa and giving off two outward angres. Seconci line gives offan acute angle beyond the cell and another on vein z. r oth of these lines are bordered more or less rvidery rvith ivhite or greenisrr-lvhite and more or less diffLrsed. The median shade is represented by a dark brown anguJated line from the cell to the hind border, but this is ofren obscured by the shade .r,vings 'vhite on this part of the rving. Hind uniformry dark fttscous. A1l tlie fri'ges dark luscous, but rvith a lighter streak through the middle. f have Iong had this sprssiss in my collection from American localities, I.raving received it from Halifax, N. S.; White Mts., N. lI., and also I took several specimens in June, rg77, at Orono, Me., in an open pasture. walker described it from St. x,Iartin's Falls, under the name of Am//tistt, iuridana, I l-rave also a clark varietl, of this sDecies from Prof. C. P. Gillette, taken in Colorado. The early stages and food plant are unjcnoivn, bLrt Hartmann states that he fourrd it on the rving near r'funich in June and July between a pine forest and a jrniper. The pasture in orouo where it was taken had more juniper or less (Juniperus commuruis) scattered over it, and was by the side of woods co'taining pine, spruce and other evergreen trees, but as there were many other kinds of plants i' the immediate 'not vicinity, I do think this at all conclusive or even hardli, suggestive concerning the food plant of this insect. Genus HEMEROpHILA, Hiib., l.entamen (r3o6). Head smooth and rounde d ; rabial palpi mediun, slightly curving up in front, strongly roughened bcneath, third segment srrort and blunt I proboscis present, short and scaled at tl're base ; ocelli present j antennre half the lergth of the costa or a littre more, simpre in the female, ciriated 'lhorax in the male.
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