INTERPRETIVE PLAN
Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail
U.S Department of the Interior National Park Service
Rocky Mountain Regional Office Harpers Ferry Center
Approved by Associate Regional Director Planning and Assistance Rocky
Mountain Region by memorandum dated April 27 1992
TECHNICAL INFORJTION CENTER DENVER SERVICE CENTER NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PURPOSE OF THE PLAN
PLANNING HISTORY
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND SIGNIFICANCE
INTERPRETIVE THEMES
INTERPRETIVE OBJECTIVES
SPECIAL PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
THE PLAN
Publications 11
Signs and Outdoor Exhibits 13
Trail Markers 13
Wayside Exhibits 14
Audiovisual Programs 15
Video Program 15
Audio Cassette Recording 15
Indoor Exhibits 15
Media Levels 16
Level 16
Level II 16
Level III 17
Level IV 17
Level 17
Special Media Applications 17 Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan
Criteria For Choice of Level of Interpretive Treatment 17
Significance 17
Integrity 17
Accessibility 17
Traffic 18
Application of Criteria 18
Implementation Costs and Responsibilities 18
Site Inventory and Recommendations 19
Illinois Sites 19
Iowa Sites 20
Council Bluffs Kanesville and Omaha
Winter Quarters Sites 22
Nebraska Sites 23
Wyoming Sites 25
Utah Sites 28
APPENDIX Maps 31
APPENDIX Graphics 37
APPENDIX Cost Estimates 51 GENERAL VICINITY MAP
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Designated Highway Route Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan
PURPOSE OF THE PLAN
This plan recommends strategies and media for providing interpretation of the
Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail trail stretching from Nauvoo
Illinois on the Mississippi River to Salt Lake City Utah see map The plan is intended to be used by the National Park Service NPS as overall trail administrator and by the various trail cooperators whether they are other federal agencies state and local agencies trail groups or interested individuals
As employed by the NPS the term interpretation embodies two major components intimately related but not identical The first component is information names dates locations distances etc The other component is interpretation in the sense of supplying context and meaning The proportion of these components is major determinant in the choice of media and of the character of the media chosen
Interpretation is dispensed in two broad categories personal and non- personal The former includes talks guided trips demonstrations and attended information stations Non-personal services are publications outdoor signs and exhibits museum exhibits and audiovisual products This plan deals almost exclusively with non-personal interpretation
PLANNING HISTORY
The National Trails System Act of October 1968 P.L 90-543 established policies and procedures for nationwide system of national scenic and recreational trails and was amended November 10 1978 P.L 95-625 to include category of national historic trails That amendment also established the Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail This action by the Congress was the result of The Mormon Trail--A Study Report completed by the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service HCRS in June 1978 That study had the active assistance of number of federal state and local agencies the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints the Mormon Pioneer Trail Foundation historical societies and interested individuals The study was conducted for scenic trail feasibility and found that continuous hiking trail along the original Mormon emigration route would be neither desirable nor practical because subsequent uses have preempted extensive segments of the route Accordingly although the Congress designated the entire original route as national historic trail the Act established only federally-owned lands having significant potential for public use combined with historic interest established Initial interpretation and appreciation to be as Protection Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan
Segments of the trail Six Initial Protection Segments in Wyoming were automatically certified as official components of the trail
The Act also provided that other sites and segments could later become
official of the trail parts when they were certified as such Certification is process whereby trail sites and segments that meet basic preservation
interpretation and/or recreation criteria are designated by the NPS as official
components and then become eligible for assistance and inclusion in official trail programs
The Act directed that the trail be administered by the Secretary of the and the NPS Interior was designated the lead agency responsible for preparing comprehensive plan for the management and use of the trail
Accordingly the Comprehensive Plan and Finding of No Significant Impact Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail was released in September 1981 In
accordance with the establishing Act the plan places priority on the six Initial Protection Segments
Under the heading Objectives and Practices the comprehensive plan states The primary use is and will continue to be reenactment of the pioneer trek and travel of the route Furthermore the policy is To manage the trail in
manner to protect the quality of cultural natural and historic values and protect certain lands in their natural condition so as to provide for outdoor recreation and public use In line with this emphasis on recreation and the long range character of the plan the comprehensive plan recommends facilities for some sites for their recreational potential which are of lesser
significance to the story and which in some cases are presently difficult of access This of interpretive plan being shorter range character deals with sites that currently lend themselves to interpretive media Criteria for these determinations will be found in the Plan section under Media Levels
Following the approval of the comprehensive plan many markers with the standardized logo were placed along the designated highway route in the 1980s remarkable early percentage of these are still in place primarily in Iowa and Nebraska
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND SIGNIFICANCE
The Mormon emigration was an important part of the settlement of the West The Mormons had in mind traveling to what was then Mexican tecritory establish seeking place to their religious community History has recorded their vast contribution to the development of the Nation and the West in Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan
large number of historical publications In February 1846 Brigham Young and group of Mormons departed Nauvoo Illinois crossing the Mississippi River by boat to Iowa shore From there they pioneered an overland route with way stations across Iowa and wintered on the Missouri River near present-day Omaha Nebraska Others followed and by the end of 1846 over 3700 Mormons were settled at Winter Quarters Nebraska and in Kanesville
present-day Council Bluffs Iowa
In the spring of 1847 President Brigham Young and pioneer company of 149 men women and children continued westward They followed the north side of the Platte River through modern-day Nebraska to Fort Laramie in
what is now Wyoming From there they generally followed the path of the Oregon Trail and other routes to Fort Bridger The pioneers then veered southerly following the Hastings cutoff route into Utah and the Great Salt Lake Basin
The pioneer Mormon migration one of the dramatic events in the history of
American westward expansion was unique in comparison to other migrations
because of its purpose organization and cultural impact Its purpose was to maintain the cohesiveness of the Mormon community and thus became permanent movement of whole people
Unlike the sometimes loose discipline of other wagon trains the Mormon pioneer company was organized in semi-military fashion into tens fifties and hundreds led by Brigham Young as general and with others serving as company captains hunters and scouts Also unlike many other emigrant companies the first thoughts of Brigham Youngs pioneers were to improve the route for the Mormons who would follow They measured distances and set up mileposts noted good locations for camping wood water and forage
and generally became the guide for the thousands of emigrants who later
followed this trail
In their later secondary efforts the Mormons established semi-permanent communities of and ferry crossings major importance They graded down
steep approaches to fords cleared boulders out of the trail and made the
route easier These efforts identified two-way wagon road as continuous route eastward to pick up supplies and new converts at the Missouri River or
to meet faltering companies and help them on to Salt Lake City In southern
4owa particularly they established some of the first communities roads and bridges They made Winter Quarters Omaha and Kanesville Council Bluffs
into outfitting points that rivaled the Missouri towns of Independence Westport and St Louis The path they followed became major Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan
transportation route The culmination of this migratory effort was primarily
the centralization of religious community and the settlement and industrial development of Utah
There are tertiary aspects of significance for the route of this trail It crosses
the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail at the Missouri River and the Continental Divide National Scenic Trail at South Pass Wyoming In places it parallels or has connections with several other Old West routes such as the
Oregon National Historic Trail These adjacent or coincident trails used by early-day Indians explorers missionaries fur traders mountain men and miners are still keys to potential travel and historic attractions such as ghost towns mining operations museums and reconstructed boomtowns and other areas of historic scenic and natural importance
INTERPRETIVE THEMES
According to the comprehensive plan there are five major interpretive themes to be addressed
The Mormon migration was an important part of the great westering movement
Unlike the Oregon and California migrations in which the only common bond was the move West the Mormon trek of 1846-47
was the opening thrust of the permanent movement of whole people into frontier territories
The Mormon Pioneer Company was organized in semi- military fashion in contrast to most other wagon trains
The pioneer group improved conditions for those who would
follow Initially this consisted mainly of providing information but later they established communities and improved roads thus creating permanent impact on the advancing frontier
Climate topography geology wildlife and vegetation figure
prominently in the story as landmarks travel conditions and
observations of change between the Mississippi and the Great Basin Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan
INTERPRETIVE OBJECTIVES
The overall objective is
To provide visitors with foundation of information with which they can build an understanding and appreciation of the Mormon
movement and its historic cultural and natural significance in
Americas heritage
Some specific objectives are
To enable visitors to locate the significant sites on the trail
To maintain sense of continuity of the trail from site to site
To cooperate with individuals and organizations state local and federal agencies
To inform visitors of the interpretive and recreational
opportunities along the trail as well as the resources
To recognize the existence of and in some cases combine
interpretive facilities for other historic trails
SPECIAL PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
The Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail poses considerations in interpretive planning that differ from park unit principally due to the multitude of land ownerships and jurisdictions the linear nature of the trail and the fact that both the historic trail route original trail and the
designated highway route must be addressed
Nearly two-thirds of the roughly 1300-mile trail is in private ownership The remainder is on public land about half of which is State-owned highway rights-of-way The balance of public ownership is state and federal with most of the federal land administered by the Bureau of Land Management BLM in Wyoming While the 1978 amendments to the National Trails System Act established the trail and provided the NPS with the management responsibility the NPS actually administers less than one mile of the trail in Fort Laramie National Historic Site Wyoming and at Scotts Bluff National Monument Nebraska This trail section was not used until the 1850s 10 Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan
Because of this the NPS must function more as coordinator/facilitator than as land manager in the areas of planning development and protection
Interpretive planning for the trail is guided and controlled by the 1981
Comprehensive Plan and the following sections from the National Trails System Act
Section 7c Historic routes and nearby roads and highways may be marked to facilitate retracing the original historic route
The trail is be to marked with uniform marker The process to mark and maintain the trail will follow established standards Erection and maintenance of the markers is to be by the administering federal state and local agencies or private interests pursuant to cooperative agreements
Trail interpretive sites may also be provided at historic sites along the route of any national scenic or national historic trail Information
about the trail will be presented to the public at the sites with emphasis on the portion of the trail passing through that State Wherever possible the sites shall be maintained by State agency under cooperative agreement
Section 7d Lands or interests in lands either may be acquired by written cooperative agreement donation purchase with donated funds or exchange
Section 7g Acquisition shall be limited to those lands meeting historic trail criteria that are identified as high potential route segments or high potential historic sites
Section 7i This section allows the Secretary with the concurrence of
other federal Agencies and after consultation with state local
governments and organizations to issue regulations for use and good conduct along the trail
Section 10c Appropriated funds may not be used for land acquisition outside the exterior boundaries of existing federal areas except to
provide one trail interpretive site in each State crossed by the trail
The must coordinate plan closely with the trail planning and development efforts of the NPS and other groups and agencies The trail roughly parallels Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan 11
the historic route of the Oregon National Historic Trail through western Nebraska and most of Wyoming and crosses the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail NPS-administered at the Missouri River and the Continental Divide National Scenic Trail USFS-administered at South Pass in Wyoming The BLM in Wyoming is actively implementing the plans and projects described in their 1986 Oregon-Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trails Management Plan and in 1984 the State of Wyoming prepared Wyoming Historic Traits Management Plan which addresses Oregon and Mormon
Pioneer trail development on non-federal lands in the state Additionally
many state local and private groups have projects planned or underway The proposed California and Pony Express National Historic Trails also closely follow the route of the Mormon Pioneer Trail through Wyoming and Utah
This plan recommends interpretive activities to complement the work already being done by these various groups and agencies
PUBLICATIONS
The publications medium is the most flexible It requires no fixed facility for
dispersal yet derives advantage from such Publications can range from
sheet with and little detailed treatises single map text to guidebooks and
The first priority for interpretation of the Mormon Pioneer Trail is to produce
new guide folder This will be based on the grid system which the National
Park System has developed for all official publications Utilizing certain
standards of design the system provides unity of appearance with sufficient variation to lend an individual quality to each product Production costs are
lower both initially and in revision
The folder will include the entire trail consequently little information can be provided on specific sites The principal component of the folder will be map that identifies both the historic trail route and the designated highway
route Also included would be some general text on the significance of the
trail interesting anecdotes representative photographs and brief site
descriptions
This general trail folder will function as the overall informational and
interpretive publication for the trail It will be distributed to prospective visitors in response to written or telephone requests and distributed at visitor information centers along the trail It also may serve as the first and sometimes information visitor the only that or potential visitor may obtain 12 Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan
Sandwiched between this general trail folder and site-specific interpretive bulletins would be statewide or multi-site folders produced by variety of
entities These folders would be more specific than the trail-wide folder and may focus on items of particular interest to state or region An example of
this type of folder is The Oregon-California-Mormon Trail Through Natrona County Wyoming prepared by the Natrona County Planning Office for the Natrona County Historic Preservation Commission copy enclosed
Specific sites can be interpreted by folders similar to those described above
or by site bulletins Site folders could describe the significance of the site
interesting anecdotes attributed to the site full-color photographs and local concerns related to safety road hazards or directions to the site They are often quite successful but expensive to prepare and print Site bulletins are similar to folders but are produced in black and white on less expensive Knife Indian paper see example from River Villages NHS These bulletins would provide the same information as folders and could use line drawings or black and white photocopied photographs instead of full-colored photos
Bulletins are usually on 8-1/2 14-inch sheets in either horizontal or vertical
formats Areas where there are cluster of sites warrant more elaborate bulletin or folder Examples of these areas are Nauvoo Illinois the Omaha/Council Bluffs area and Salt Lake City
Opportunities may also exist to incorporate trail interpretation with periodic revisions of state highway maps For example the States of Nebraska and Wyoming include the Mormon Pioneer Trail on their highway maps and brief
descriptions of key historic sites The USFS and BLM are actively involved in the scenic byways program and the State of Utah has its own scenic byway and scenic backway program In some cases these roads follow the historic route of the Mormon Pioneer Trail and joint interpretive folders could be considered and pursued
In the area of more comprehensive publications Stanley Kimballs Historic
Sites and Markers Along the Mormon and Other Great Western Trails
University of Illinois Press 1988 fills the need at present for detailed guide to individual sites The Overland Migrations National Park Service Handbook
No 105 devotes few pages to the Mormon migration It places the
Mormon effort thematically in context of westward movement as Kimballs guide does geographically Stanley Kimballs 1991 Historic Resource Study Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail provides comprehensive look at the historical context trail experience historical events associated with the trail historic sites maps illustrations biographical sketches and detailed annotated bibliography This document has been distributed to many visitor Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan 13
information centers along the trail route and may become sales item in the future
SIGNS AND OUTDOOR EXHIBITS
Trail Markers
The comprehensive plan specified the design and placement of three sizes of markers with the approved trail logo along the designated highway route
3-1/2-inch for trailheads and the historic route 9-inch for trailheads and spur highways connecting the designated highway route and trail-related historic sites and 18-inch markers used to sign the designated highway route and/or whenever the trail crosses major or secondary highway An NPS sign inventory conducted in 1990 revealed that over 75 percent of these markers placed in the early 1980s still exist The comprehensive plan specifies three priorities for placement
Major U.S and State highway crossings all high potential sites
or segments all existing and/or future visitor information centers
County roadways
Certain unimproved roads such as on BLM lands where such roads provide access to or intersect the trail
While some worthy places are unmarked doubtless through attrition others seem to exceed priorities The question of what constitutes adequate road signing other than actual sites and points of decision intersections includes the possibility of informational overkill and conflict with other visual cues The question may become acute as additional trails are designated Already there are places in Iowa where four or five markers for different trails can be found on single post
The NPS has convened Sign and Marking Task Force and is in the process of developing sign and marking manual for national historic long-distance trails This manual should provide sign conformity throughout the national historic trails system
In addition to highway signs all significant historic sites will have at minimum standard marker that includes the sites name see Level example This is to assure the traveler that they have indeed arrived at the 14 Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan
site In some cases the site will be inaccessible due to private ownership or poor road access and consequently the marker will be on the road shoulder
Signing of the roads that connect the designated highway route and the
historic sites will generally use the 9-inch marker erected according to either county or state highway department standards
Wayside Exhibits
The term wayside exhibit is applied to devices ranging from small panel
with few descriptive words to an elaborate production with full-color graphics
Wayside exhibits are most effective when they are placed in reference to
object of interpretation landmark structure river crossing or vista Messages should be succinct as possible supported by graphics maps photos
and artwork Quotations from journals are nearly always appropriate
the Waysides frequently serve function of advising visitors of travel conditions
safety factors and respect for private property These requirements would especially occur at trailheads and ranch roads see Level example
Once funds have been obtained implementation occurs in three phases
planning production and installation The planning phase begins by collecting
reference materials for text and graphics Generally this phase is best
performed by individuals closest to the site such as the site owner or local organization
Once materials are assembled proposal will be developed for each site the outlining location subject and purpose of each site The NPS will provide technical assistance but actual site preparation and installation must be
arranged by the site manager or others It is important to ensure that the site
have good access hard and level surfaces around the exhibit and unobstructed views of the scene
Hardware and graphic panels for wayside exhibits are fabricated by private
contractors according to NPS specifications Cost estimates included here
cover considerable range even within what is considered acceptable to NPS
standards because of variables that can only be evaluated in the context of
given proposal The type of graphics whether photo or artwork or map is an important variable as is the style and material of mounting base according Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan 15
to what is compatible with the immediate environment more accurate estimate can be made in the planning and proposal phases
AUDIOVISUAL PROGRAMS
Audiovisual programs are particularly well-suited to presentation of sequential stories and overviews of broad topics They may constitute substitute
experience of inaccessible areas and are thus particularly useful to those with
impaired mobility Some specific proposals are
Video Program
video program on VHS format would have broad application It should be produced in two versions The short version 5-10 minutes would find
application at points along the trail where there are existing or proposed
facilities visitor centers local museums historical societies It would give an
overview of the significance of the trail and highlight few key sites The longer version about 30 minutes would be distributed to libraries and schools
and would also be sales item The longer version would naturally include
more sites and make greater use of journal accounts
Audio Cassette Recording
The long driving involved in even portion of the trail lends itself well to
cassette application Since we assume that relatively few people drive the
entire trail the initial cassette offering should be of general dramatic
nature without attempting to gear it to specific sites Journal entries and historical narrative would be combined with music and sound effects In
addition there might be application for segmented guide tapes Nauvoo to Council Bluffs Omaha to Scottsbluff Scottsbluff to Salt Lake City or similar breakdown
INDOOR EXHIBITS
Exhibits may range from simple standardized panel to multi-phase treatment with an audiovisual component Museums and tourist information points along the trail would house these exhibits
It is proposed that standard exhibit be produced for the broadest
application This would consist largely of theme statement and simplified
map of the trail This exhibit would have application not only at sites adjacent
to the trail but also to more distant locations where there is sufficient existing 16 Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan
traffic flow to alert potential trail users Examples of the latter application would be recreational facilities on alternate routes travelers might plan their next outing to follow the trail This exhibit would be adaptable to
freestanding portable configuration for setting up at fairs conferences and similar events
MEDIA LEVELS
In the site inventory that follows each site is assigned number that corresponds to recommended level of interpretive media development are five There recommended levels plus separate category for special media applications as described below The range of interpretive treatments was based the developed on 1990 field visits to approximately 80 percent of the trail historic sites that were identified in the comprehensive plan or Stanley Kimballs 1988 trail guide
These treatment levels are only recommended and are based on analysis of
sites along the entire length of the trail Costs associated with interpretive development and the interest of the local community will determine the actual treatment level obtained The NPS will ensure however through the certification process described previously that the information presented is factually correct and that the interpretive design blends with the overall interpretive treatment for the trail
description of each interpretive level follows
Graphic examples of markers are shown in the Appendix along with cost estimates and production procedures
Level
standard road marker with the official logo plus the name of the site
Level II
standardized wayside exhibit probably 12x16 or 14x20 inches There would be about the non-site message trail specific and simplified map of the trail with you are here point
Level III
exhibit with site-specific wayside graphic element most likely original artwork The size would be on the order of 24x36 inches Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan 17
Level IV
Wayside kiosk multi-panel Size and number of panels would vary at least two panels probably no more than four on given kiosk Alternatively series of waysides might be more appropriate
Museum exhibits possibly with audiovisual component
Special Media Applications
In some cases of clustering of sites such as at Nauvoo Council Bluffs/Omaha
or Salt Lake City publication specific to such grouping is valid An audio would cassette accomplish the same purpose by alternate means
Criteria for Choice of Level of Interpretive Treatment
For the purposes of this plan number of criteria were applied to each site
Significance The comprehensive plan states that primary cultural values are those related to the initial trek of 1846-47 Secondary
aspects involve post-1847 Mormon travels including hand-cart operations supply depots way stations mail stations contacts with Native Americans and mountain men and military matters Natural
resources as they relate to the trek are also significant These
categories of significance were employed in formulating the criteria for this plan
Integrity This refers to the degree to which cultural resources retain
their historic appearance and original fabric Besides trail remnants
the general environment of the site is important
Accessibility This includes proximity of the trail to the designated
route road conditions and property lines
Traffic Includes the existing travel patterns in the vicinity of the site
Application of Criteria
The balance of criteria varies widely from site to site when applied on an individual basis Significance and integrity are the most important factors of 18 Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan
course Accessibility tends to affect visitation in proportion to level of interest consequently it may be presumed the traveler who exercises some perseverance to find site has more than casual interest in the story Such visitor may already be informed and may well have guide publication Wayside exhibits with their terse messages are geared mainly to the casual and less informed visitor Conversely sites on heavily traveled corridors may
be assigned higher rating in proportion to its significance and integrity
factors In addition to heavily traveled roads this circumstance would occur
at museums and tourist information facilities and at recreation sites
IMPLEMENTATION COSTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Nearly two-thirds of the trail is in private ownership The remainder is on
public land about half of which is state-owned highway rights-of-way The
balance of public ownership is state and federal particularly Bureau of Land Management public lands in Wyoming Communication and coordination among all parties is essential to implement this plan
The Secretary of the Interior through the National Trails System Act Act designated the NPS as the overall administrator of this trail And although the federal government according to the Act functions as overall
administrator federal fiscal involvement is to be kept at minimum level and cooperative efforts with other agencies groups and individuals are encouraged
The NPS will provide initial copies of the general trail folder as described in the Publications section when it is completed The responsibility for distributing this folder will rest primarily with the various trail cooperators and additional copies would be available from the NPS on cost-sharing basis The NPS will also provide the initial highway route markers and trail markers as described in the Trail Markers section and the responsibility for erecting and maintaining them will be the responsibility of the trail cooperators Additional markers as needed would be provided by the NPS on cost-sharing basis
The NPS will also as funds permit assist trail cooperators with the construction and erection of site markers that meet NPS standards This assistance may take the form of matching funds or by providing technical assistance in the areas of planning design and suggested sources of production Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan 19
There is need for regional repositories of publications relating to the trail
Repositories could be developed at Nauvoo Council Bluffs at the proposed Western Historic Trails Center Fort Laramie Pioneer Trail State Park Salt and Lake City other locations The NPS should initially be responsible for
preparing and maintaining an annotated list of trail publications and distributing this list to numerous points along the trail Eventually the
Trails Association wish this Mormon may to assume responsibility
The role of trail cooperators is multi-faceted It could include procurement
and maintenance of trail signs and site markers preparation and distribution
of site bulletins or regional/statewide folders protection of sites integrity
and trail-specific festivals and events
The BLM in Wyoming has prepared gifts catalog that identifies important
interpretive needs and notes the estimated cost of each item This tool to
request donations should be considered by trail cooperators
SITE INVENTORY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The inventory is based primarily on two sources the 1981 Comprehensive Plan and Stanley Kimballs 1988 trail guide Site numbers from both documents are given where applicable
Illinois Sites
Site Numbers 1-1 through 1-5 Kimball
Nauvoo National Historic District contains 1100 acres of authentically
restored significant homes and shops including Brigham Youngs home
Nauvoo Restoration Incorporated also operates an impressive visitor center with exhibits audiovisual presentations and publications Guided tours and
other personal services are offered The Historic District also includes Nauvoo State Historic Site and the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day
Saints properties that include Joseph Smiths home
The Nauvoo Historic District carries the highest rating by all criteria and is given Level The trail exhibit in the Nauvoo Restoration visitor center
would be improved by some indication of the resources to be found along the
trail This might be acconiplished by trail folder dispenser on the exhibit or by mounted sample of the folder with notification that it may be obtained at the information desk An additional leaflet is in order showing all sites in 20 Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan
the vicinity with map and directions Nauvoo Landing should have wayside exhibit Level III
There is also state transportation department wayside kiosk on the highway near Nauvoo It is in poor condition and should be replaced Level IV
Because most sites are far less complex than Nauvoo the following table format will be used Site numbers are from the Comprehensive Plan and from
Stanley Kimballs guide thus i-i K-i Existing informational and
interpretive facilities are noted Level refers to recommended level of
interpretive media as described above Remarks are any qualifying and attendant circumstances
Iowa Sites
Because of intense agriculture there are few visible remains of trail activity in Iowa For the visitor to imagine the Mormons ordeal is made even more
difficult by the pastoral scene of today One suspects that the frequent stream
crossings in Iowa made for hardships rivaling those of the still wild-appearing high plains Difficulties at the outset forced the organization of the train into
groups in quasi-military manner an important theme for this segment of the trail Pioneer and emigration skills needed to be learned quickly under arduous conditions Additional themes are the opening of southern Iowa to permanent settlement and the formation and departure of the Mormon Battalion
Number EEiStlflg L.v1 Remarks
Montrose Landing 16a Montrose Iowa Bronze Marker II Riverview Park is best site
Directional signs to site are poor ______
Sugar Creek Camp 1.7 Near Montrose K4 ______
Site number as listed in the Comprehensive Management Plan CMP Site number as listed in Kimballs 1988 trail guide Mormon Pioneer Natiofial Historic Trail Interpretive Plan 21
Ste Number Existing Level Remarks
Des Moines River 1-8 Bonaparte Iowa Sign on north III Site is in County Park
Crossing K-5 side of bridge River near bridge would
accommodate wayside Park
could have an indoor exhibit
and publications Directional
signs are inadequate
Lake Keosagua 1-9 Near Keosagua Sign on rock II Post 1847
State Park K-6 Iowa
Horse Blessed 1-10 Van Buren Private Property County Iowa ______
Charitan River 2-1 Appanoose III Additional wayside at 2-2
Crossing County Iowa and exhibit treatment at Wayne Co list Soc
Museum Develop wayside if
crossing is acquired ______
Come Come Ye 2-2 miles SW of Wayside exhibit III Present wayside good site Saints K-8 Seymour Iowa warrants upgrading
Wayne County K-9 Corydon Iowa Exhibit room Elaborate exhibit provided
Historical Society by LDS Church Maps photos full-size wagon/ox scene Good distribution
point for publications and
tapes
Bob White State 2-3 miles of II Publications distribution
Park Alberton Iowa point at headquarters
Garden Grove 2-4 Near city of Large marker at III Wayside artwork should
K- 1011 Garden Grove wayside park show settlement Short trail
Iowa Sheltered picnic could be developed to
area original ruts on Mr
Gunzenauzers property
Mt Pisgah 2-5 miles NE of State historical III Poor directional signs K-12 Talmage Iowa plaque monument way side exhibit
Green Valley State 2-6 miles of II
Park Creston Iowa
Pote Farm Ruts K-14 Adair County III Pull-off and wayside could Iowa be developed on county road
right-of-way Visible ruts are
rare in Iowa 22 Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan
Site Number Laation Existing Level Remarks
Mormon Trail K-14 Near Bridgewater Sign near lake II Park Iowa
Cold Springs 3-1 mile of Lewis II Publications distribution
County Park Iowa point at headquarters Ruts were not confirmed by team
Nishnabotna River 3-2 mile of Site not visited II No directional signs
Crossing K-19 Macedonia Iowa due to flood
Council Bluffs Kanesville and Omaha Winter Quarters Sites
The proposed Western Historic Trails Center to be located in Council Bluffs
will serve as orientation to the Mormon Pioneer Trail along with other trails
to be interpreted in the center It will be the major distribution point for
interpretive material on sites in the vicinity map folder for sites in the Council Bluffs/Omaha area should be produced In addition cassette tape guide for this important cluster of sites is proposed
Kanesville present Council Bluffs includes number of sites mostly
unmarked There are markers at the Blockhouse site including one dedicated
to Father DeSmet All these would be interpreted via the regional folder and
tape This includes Millers Hollow Union Hotel site Music Hall Site
Cottonwood Jail Site Frontier Guardian and Weekly Bugle Building Sites Daggers Mill Kanesville/Fairview Cemetery and Kanesville Tabernacle Site
Site Number Locatmu Eusiug Level Remarks
Grand 3-3 of Council Include in Omaha/Council
Encampment Bluffs Iowa Bluffs folder and ______tape
Mormon Battalion 3-3 Near Iowa School Good wayside III Add interpretation of Grand Mustering for the Deaf exhibit Encampment Include in Grounds folder and tape for
Omaha/Council Bluffs area ______
Middle Mormon 3-3 At US Highway Include in Omaha/Council Ferry 1.75 State Bluffs folder and tape Highway 92 river
crossing in Iowa Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan 23
Site Number Licatlon ExLsting Lesrd Remarks
Council Point 3-3 Council Bluffs Include in Omaha/Council Iowa Bluffs folder and tape
Emigrants 3-3 Council Bluffs One wayside for this site and Landing Iowa Council Point Include in Omaha/ Council Bluffs
folder and tape
Ferryville K-42 1-680 Bridge Iowa Marker Present marker is inadequate ______
Nebraska Sites
Although the terrain does not change noticeably for some distance west of the Missouri River Nebraska is the beginning of the Great Plains portion of the
pioneers trek Crossing the river and establishing Winter Quarters on June
29 1846 was in itself dramatic moment of history It meant that the first
phase of the great Exodus had been completed The pioneers felt it necessary to create major way station to reorganize through the winter before resuming the search for Zion and an end to wandering
Through Nebraska the emphasis will be on crossing the Missouri River the establishment of the outpost of Winter Quarters at Florence the preparation and departure of the main pioneer effort in 1847 the selection of the north
side of the Platte River as the migration route and daily life on the trail
As related above sites in Omaha Nebraska Winter Quarters are part of the
Omaha/Council Bluffs cluster for touring purposes
Slt Number Location Level Remarks
Cold Spring Camp of Omaha None Describe in publication Nebraska
Cutlers Park Omaha Nebraska New marker III Present marker adequate
good condition Needs pull-out area
Winter Quarters 4-1 Florence Visitor Center III The recommended new Cemetery K-45 Nebraska AV books video could be used here monuments 24 Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan
Site Number LocatIon Exbting Level Remarks
Florence Mill K-44 Florence State marker III Interpret mill Brigham Nebraska Young house and council house
K-46 North Kimball of Omaha Daughters of III Marker is adequate Include Monument Nebraska on US Utah Pioneers in Omaha/Council Bluffs
Highway 36 Marker folder and tape ______
Elkhorn River 4-2 Near Waterloo Small plaque on Location needs research
Crossing K-47 Nebraska rock Include in Omaha/Council Bluffs folder and tape
Liberty Pole Camp 4-3 Barnard Park Stone III Fremont Nebraska monument with
plaque ______
Fremont Lakes 4-4 miles of State Historical
Recreation Area Fremont Nebraska Society marker ______
Genoa Historic K-53 Genoa City Park State marker II Site Nebraska
Government 5-1 Council Creek
Indian Station Nebraska
Fording of the 5-2 Near Fullerton Loup River 5-4 Nebraska
Upper Loup River 5-3 miles NE of Ford Palmer Nebraska
Mormon Trail K-79 30 miles of State marker II
State Wayside Grand Island Area Nebraska
Stuhr Museum K-57 Grand Island State marker II Distribution point for
Nebraska publications ______
First Sighting of 6-1 miles SW of Elm White Men Creek Nebraska
Dawson Co Lexington Mormon and Oregon Trail Historical Museum Nebraska exhibit planned Distribution
point for publications ______
100th Meridian 6-2 Cozad Nebraska Two markers III Interpret Mormon Pioneer
K-63 Trail and significance of meridian ______
Willow Island 6-3 Near Cozad II Nebraska Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan 25
Site Number Location Lewel
Lake Ogallala 7-4 Near Ogallala II Recreation Area Nebraska
Ash Hollow State 7-5 of Ogallala Visitor Center II Oregon Trail is interpreted
Historical Park Nebraska Trails Mormon Trail is not
Ancient Bluff 8-2 miles SE of State marker II
Ruins K-67 Broadwater Nebraska
Chimney Rock On highway near State markers III Chimney Rock about Oregon Nebraska and Pony Express trails Trailer Museum
Scotts Bluff Gering Nebraska Exhibit and Rehabilitation of museum
National hand cart will include Mormon Trail
Monument reproduction in interpretation museum
Rebecca Winters 8-3 Near Scottsbluff State markers II Site adequately interpreted Grave K-70 Nebraska
Prayer Circle K-72 mile of Henry Bluffs Nebraska
Wyoming Sites
The major emphasis in Wyoming will be the hardships encountered by the
pioneers Also an important part of the story here is the relationship the pioneers had with other emigrants mountain men and traders as well as the separation the Mormons sought from others This Trail and the Oregon National Historic Trail coincide from Fort Laramie to Fort Bridger and much of the interpretation along this stretch will deal simultaneously with both trails
Site Number Location Exstrng Level Remarks
Fort Platte 9-1 mile of Fort Granite marker II Laramie Wyoming and bronze plaque 26 Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan
Number Existing LeeI Remarks
Fort John 9-2 Fort Laramie Wayside exhibits III
K-82 NHS Wyoming not specifically Mormon Trail ______
Fort Laramie NHS 9-3 Little Rehabilitation of museum
K-82 specifically will include Mormon Trail
about Mormon exhibit
Trail ______
K-82 Old Bedlam Ruts of Fort Laramie Marker III Adequate Pending
NHS GMP/EIS and Interpretive
Prospectus will address
Mormon Trail
Mexican Hill K-83 of Guernsey Two markers at III Adequate Wyoming highway ______
Register Cliff 7-4 miles SE of Marker III Register Cliff and Oregon K-84 Guernsey Trail Ruts National Historic
Wyoming Landmark are in Guernsey State Park
Oregon Trail Ruts 9-5 miles SE of Marker III Exhibit planning should
Guernsey consider combining Mormon
Wyoming Trail story with Oregon Trail
story in new waysides ______
Guernsey 9-6 miles SE of Fine museum An exhibit about Mormon
Reservoir Guernsey built by CCC Trail should be added Wyoming ______
Warm Springs 9-7 miles SW of Site is interpreted at the
Canyon K-86 Guernsey cliff/ruts area Wyoming ______
Porters Rock 9-8 miles SW of Private property K-87 Guernsey Wyoming ______
Hebers Spring 9-9 miles SW of Private property difficult Glendo Wyoming access ______
Ayres Natural 9-10 10 miles of II
Bridge K-89 Douglas Wyoming ______
Upper Platte Ferry 10-1 Fort Caspar Museum with Excellent museum and Ford K-92 Museum Casper Mormon exhibit reproduction handcart
Wyoming Publications Marker at ferry
site too Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan 27
Site Number Location Existing Level Remarks
Emigrant Gap 10-2 12 miles of BLM marker III K-94 Casper Wyoming ______
Avenue of Rocks 10-3 20 miles of II
K-95 Casper Wyoming ______
Willow Springs 10-4 8.5 miles of II K-96 Alcova Wyoming ______
Prospect Ryan 10-5 Adjacent to site Good group of IV Logo could be added to
Hill K-97 10-4 signs by BLM existing signs or posts ______
Independence 10-7 of Casper on Markers by IV Kiosk at highway rest area to
Rock K-98 State Highway 220 BLM interpret Independence Rock and Devils Gate
Devils Gate and 10-89 miles of BLM IV Good series of waysides
Martins Cove K-99 Independence interpretive Mormon story at Martins
101 Rock loop Waysides Cove is interpreted ______
Split Rock 10-1011 of BLM IV Good series of waysides K-102 Needs Independence interpretive loop Mormon Trail story Rock
Ice Slough 11-1 31 miles of State marker III Logo could be added to
K-104 Three Forks existing posts ______
Rocky Ridge These sites are mentioned in Claytons journal but are not
in comprehensive plan or
Kimball BLM office has
locations
Radium Springs see above ______
Willies Handcart 11-2 of Atlantic City III Private property difficult
Disaster K-lOS Wyoming access Road direction signs needed
South Pass 11-4 of Atlantic City BLM wayside III Adequate K-106 Wyoming and earlier 108 markers
Pacific Springs 11-5 miles of BLM wayside III Adequate K-107 South Pass Wyoming ______
Dry Sandy 11-6 Near Farson BLM wayside at III Logo for Dry Sandy BLM
K-108 Wyoming Parting of Ways wayside adequate for Parting
of Ways One is planned for
False Parting site ______28 Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan
Site Number Location Existing Level Remarks
Little 11-7 Sandy Near Farson III BLM plans wayside on Station K-109 Wyoming public land adjacent Site is on ______private property
Simpsons Hollow K-lb of Farson Stone marker Post-1847 Wyoming ______
Lombard 12-1 of IV Ferry Farson BLM plans multiple waysides K-112 Wyoming on for site
Green River
Church Butte 12-2 15 miles NE of Lyman Wyoming ______
12-3 Bridger Trading Fort Bridger Reconstruction III Wayside should be near site Post Visitor Center of K-115 Wyoming the 1847 building 116 has some
information on Mormons
Bear River 12-4 10 miles of Stone marker III
Crossing K-117 Evanston with text Wyoming ______
Oil Springs K-118 12 miles SW of Private property Permission
Evanston needed to visit Wyoming ______
The Needles 12-5 miles SW of II Visible from road
K-119 Evanston Wyoming ______
Utah Sites
The long plains crossing completed the pioneers now began the last leg of the
journey--crossing the rugged Wasatch Mountains The relatively few miles of this part of the trek included some of the most back-breaking effort The route had defeated tragically the Donner-Reed party whose story is part of this stretch Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan 29
Site Number Loeation Exitlng Level Remarks
Cache Cave 13-1 miles of III Exhibit should be on the K-120 Castle Rock Utah road Site is on private
property mile from road ______
Echo Canyon 13-2 miles of State marker is III
K-121 Henefer Utah destroyed except
for supports ______
Weber River 13-3 0.5 mile of II Wayside should be on the
Crossing Henefer Utah road ______
Hogsback Summit K- 125 miles of III Visible ruts Henefer Utah ______
East Canyon 13-4 miles SW of III Reservoir Henefer Utah
Little 13-5 Between Emigration Mormon IV Excellent 4.5 mile hiking trail Flats and Canyon Big on the only pristine portion
Mountain Pass of the trail in Utah Three to
Utah four wayside exhibits should be planned ______
Big Mountain Pass 13-6 10 airmiles NE Stone IV The importance of this site K-128 of Salt Lake City monument combined with trailhead
Utah interpretation warrants
multiple waysides ______
Little Mountain 13-7 miles NE of Salt III Select one good location to
Summit Lake City Utah interpret 13-78 and on wayside ______
Emigration 13-8 NE of Salt Lake III Canyon City Utah ______
Last Camp 13-9 NE of Salt Lake Stone III K-129 City Utah monument
Donner Hill 13-10 mile NE of Salt Stone III Sites 13-7 13-8 and 13-9 Lake City Utah monument with might also include 13-10 plaque The difference between the
Mormons success and the
Donner-Reed failure is the
difference between being
organized and not organized ______30 Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan
Site Number Location ExistIng Level Remarks
This is the Place 13-11 Pioneer State Massive The small visitor center is
Park Salt Lake memorial with inadequate for the level of
City Utah plaques and visitation and does not
statues Visitor permit much interpretation
Center and Additional efforts should
outdoor focus on encouraging
museum with visitation to the outdoor
living history museum and linking the
and pioneer beginning and the end of the homes trail through comparison of
the homes built in Utah and
the homes families left
behind in Nauvoo APPENDIX
Maps 32 Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan
Loks 65 4o
Cor4os lid
cj WA Ft Modiso 211 dOuyII C5lt%5S
IOWA Keokuk DESIGNATED ROUTE
MORMON PIONEER NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL 10 tO 30 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
OrIs.3
CowcuI
Sii.tti
MtP1sgi OSCIQI 34 34 69
IOWA II GrovS/ DESIGNATED ROUTE MORMON PIONEER NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL COMPREWENSIVE PLAN Lisa1 Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan 33
NEBRASKA
DESIGNATED ROUTE IOWA MORMON PIONEER NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 30
Columbu 22 rlor.nc itrio 36 275 qtr LOuP RIY
Csntrol City OmONO 80 10 20 50 40 Gand Isiond ______
NEBRASKA
26 ridspoit DESIGNATED ROUTE MORMON PIONEER NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL Llecs COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 0uttkoa
00I1Iis $wsrIesd 26 Noffk PI.tt 30 80 30
clod cot 616 2040 ainqtos 80 34 Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan
WYOMING 87 DESIGNATED ROUTE MORMON PIONEER NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL 25 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
PLATTE RIVER
Devgtas Casper
25
220 LCNDO ALCOVA RESERVOIR RESt ROIR 28 PATHFINDER RESERVOIR Muddy Gap SrssSy
Fort Laramle
Ft LoromIs 287 N.H.$ 26
10 20 30 40 Tbrrhigtoa
WYOMING II 28
DESIGNATED ROUTE RIVEN AttaAtl MORMON PIONEER NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL CIWATER28Jry COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
Fcr so
Forsos Font.n.IIe Cut.Off
187
30 372 80
Oronger 80 RoCk SprI.gs
10 20 30 40 Evansfos Ft Srldg Pisdacal XI 41 I-a Isor Vows Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan 35
UTAH DESIGNATED ROUTE
MORMON P1 ONEER NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 111
80 Rlvsr Echo Con
Coho is
RIvSr .5
Emigrati Pocltport LOS fl MOuatoI Doll SALT LAKE CITY Rss.rvol
10 IS APPENDIX
Graphics TT
ii
A1t4 \- -\ --
13 Rock Split Interpretive Site on U.s 287 approximately 12 miles from Devils Cate Split Rock cleft in solid granite rock was the last of the three granite landmarks the along Sweetwater River and was viewed by emigrants for the better part of two days East of this rock in the early 1860s were stage station Pony Express station telegraph station and garrisoned point
Camped at Split Rock where there is quartered 50 soldiers THE for the of the OREGON-CALIFORNIA-MORMON TRAIL protection emigrants 200 wagons passed today on their way to Salmon River mines Soldiers THROUGH NATRONA COUNTY composed of 6th Ohio Reg Henry Herr July 30 1862
This brochure describes those sites along the Oregon Trail before Natrona which Long County was settled it have interpretative markers or public access If you claimed major role in this Countrys history wish to explore the Trail further please contact the U.S by playing host to the thousands of emigrants Bureau of Land or the Management Natrona County Planning traveling from the East to California Utah and Office to determine land and the status please respect Oregon As 350000 people their wagons and rights of the private landowner and obtain from permission livestock passed through they left their mark the landowner before entering private land on the landscape Today you can relive their adventure by paralleling their route through FOR FURTHER INFORMATION contact the Natrona please County Natrona County Along the route are interpre Planning Department 536 SW Wyoming Boulevard P.O Box 610 tative signs and markers that will assist you in Mills WY 82644 307 235-9435 experiencing the Oregon Trail %flSSSS%SSS%%.S%SSSSSSS
SS%%%S% SSSSS%S%%.SSSSSS%SSSS% SS%SSS% ___ 7j 4i \c
onSee cnn Rowe
CARBON COUNTY
Reshaws Richards Bridge Red Buttes Crossing Greasewood on Horse Creek 10 Devilp Gate Mormon Ferry Emigrant Gap Steamboat Lake 11 MartIns Cove Rock Fort Caspar Prospect Hill Independence Rock 12 Split
road HIB Heading north to Independence Rocli Deeds Gate Modern day up Ryan
PREFIRRED BY THE NATRONA COUNTY PLANNING OFFICE FOR THE NATRONA COUNTY HISTORICPRESERVATION COMMiSSION
oecaledt
tg pod ed000pealowththe ______Ccntrnco dVstOsBea IIii_ thPt Natrona County Planning Office to determine land status and please Fort Caspar respect the nghtS 01 the private landowner and Obtain permission
iron the landowner betnre entering proate land
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION please contact the Natrona County 536 SW Onuleuard Planning Department Wynni.tig P0 60 Mills WY 02644 307 235 9435 Park Information
r7
The five villages along these banks bones scattered trade beads and
of the Knife and Missouri Rivers fragmented pottery are but few of
were home for three to five the sights that await your discovery
thousand people Abandoned at Knife River Indian Villages
village sites sun-bleached bison National Historic Site today
VISITOR CENTER The visitor center is open daily and customs of the Hidatsa Memorial through Labor Day Day Mandan and Ankara people Weekends 800 am to 600 pm Craft-work made by the descendants federal MT open daily excluding of these Village Indians and Holidays the rest of the 800 relevant year books may be purchased am to 430 There is no pm MT here Visitor center programs and entrance fee Exhibits and slide some trail areas are accessible to show the life program day-to-day visitors using wheelchairs
HIKES AND WALKS Visitors may take ranger-guided fortification ditches cache pits and
tours or self-guiding walks to two artifacts are visible Pets are
village sites in the 1293 acre park permitted on trails but must be on Evidence of earthlodges leash at all times
Walks brochures Self-Guiding Self-guiding are available Other park trails varying in length at the visitor center for walks to from 0.6 to miles take hikers
Hidatsa Village and Awatixa through prairie and woodland Village Each walk is about 1/2 ecosystems Trails are open during
mile long and takes 1/2 to hour to visitor center hours After periods
complete Hidatsa Village contains of heavy snowfall in winter trails the of greatest quantity earthlodge are groomed for cross-country in the depressions park Awatixa skiing Village is along the bank of the
Knife River where erosion reveals
vertical profile of village remains
Tours tours Ranger-Guided Ranger-guided to the village request as staff level allows ours sites or natural areas are conducted are conducted daily June through by advance reservation or by August CAMPING AND PICNICKING To preserve archeological features state and federal campgrounds near 17 miles north of camping is not permitted within the Garrison Dam park Primitiv camping is the park Visitors may picnic at the
available at nearby city and state park visitor center nearby in Lake Sakakawea parks within 30-mile radius Stanton and at Moderr campsites are available at
available in the ACCOMMODATIONS Lodging food service and gasoline services are park
are not available in the park while the nearest hospital is in
Indcpe dently owned and operated Hazen motels year-round food scm and gas stations are located in nearby communities First aid
rave1ers sObld be for CLIMAT An imporrant part of you visit is prepared of prcpanng for the weather periods blowing snow Average Thundershowers are common on seasonal temperatures may be sumner afternoons Wnter
De Feb ghs 10 30 Lows below Mar May Highs 40 70 Lows 15 40 Lows 50 60 Jun Aug Highs 80 90 Sep-Nov Hghs 70 40F Lows 40-20F
and an historiI SUIcIMER ACTIVITIES Daily activities and special events encampment include drama are regularly scheduled for occurring in summer may weekend in and August demonshations on gardening hide July respectively Contact the park ifl tanning tool making clothing for sumner events decorating or Native American spring teade schedule dan ilg village Indian
birds the wooded trails are not OTHER THINGS TO DO Many species of migrag They and fall al owed on the archeological sites vsit th pa in spring Knife or the trails to them Check Fishing is permitted along the leading and Missouri Rivers with North with ranger for trail closures All motorized vehicles must reir am on Dakota ense Ranger conducted roads No hunting is canee trips on the Krife River may designated allowed in the All firearms be airanged by reservation Water park must be unloaded and cased or levels are usually adequate May broken down through August Swimming in the risk rivers is permitted at your own
Vistors ho bring bicycles and horses may ride them on some of
GEITING THERE Knife River Indian Villages is
located on the west bank of the
Missouri Riv 70 miles north of
cmarck and 90 miles south 0f
Minot near Stanton North Dakota From the north take U.S 83 and highway 200 to county road 37 From the south take highways 200A and 11 to county road 37
Thc park visitor center is miles
rorth of Stanton and 1/4 mile east
of county road 37 NORTH DAKOTA
of valuable scientific PRESERVING THE PAS Knife Rive lndan Villages was destniction
established as National Historic information by leaving all cultural materials where Site in 1974 to preserve remnants of and natural you
the culture and agricultural lifestyle find them These items are law of the Plains Indians Help us protected by federal preserve the past and prevent r- -h------Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan
__
______-U
Example of Level III wayside exhibit utii ...- ...... -ft .c /4 A4- ///
.-
V4t HISTORC
Church Butte .. 4\
\V%
.. -. -.- .-.- -.- .s. -- .- f4
..\
Ic r.iiii ffSIIF1iIiSIflU
II%%\ Church Butte
...... w.....sw.. .. Mormon Emigmtioii was one of the pnncip.1 foives of seitiement of the West Departmg
from Nauvoo illinois 846 thousands of Monnons ciussed Februaiy into Iowa seeking F1 fmm the next winter the Council 4p refuge religious persecution They spent in Bluffs Iowa lO4L HIS To and Omaha Nebraska area in 1847 led Early Bnham Young an advance party west
the Platte River the Trail to Fort along parallethng Oregon Bndger Wyoming where they
.. turned southwest and eventually came to the Great Salt Lake The 624-mile auto tour
iute in states is marked with the trail and follows generally logo closely the trail
histonc route
______iz ______Church Butte
Moimon was of the foites Emigration one principal west along the Platte River parallelling the Oregon of settlement of the West from Nauvoo hail Departing to Foil Bndger Wyoming wheje they turned 44 illinois in 1846 thousands of Monnons Febniaiy southwest and eventually came to the Great Salt AI4L NISTOS crossed into Iowa from seeking reige religious Lake The 624-mile auto tour nxite in states is
the next the persecution They spent winter in generally marked with the trail logo and closely
Council Bluffs Iowa and Omaha Nebraska area foUows the trail histonc mute
in 847 led an advance Eaily Brigham Young party
r.5
1c- __
Photograph caption Leaving Nauvoo Illinois
.\
\\ APPENDIX
Cost Estimates 52 Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail Interpretive Plan
COST ESTIMATES
The following listing is very rough guide for estimating the cost of producing interpretive media They are intended to be used as an indicator of the range of cost for particular medium Actual cost will vary at each specific site
EXHIBITS $250-$500 per square foot
VIDEO PROGRAMS $25000 to $50000 per program $12000 for equipment
16mm MOTION PICTURE ... $150000 per program $25000 for equipment
SOUND/SLIDE PROGRAM .. $8000 to $20000 $2000 for equipment
WAYSIDE EXHIBITS $3500 to $5000 per unit