The Mormon Trail

Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All USU Press Publications USU Press 2006 The Mormon Trail William E. Hill Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/usupress_pubs Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Hill, W. E. (1996). The Mormon Trail: Yesterday and today. Logan, Utah: Utah State University Press. This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the USU Press at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All USU Press Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE MORMON TRAIL Yesterday and Today Number: 223 Orig: 26.5 x 38.5 Crop: 26.5 x 36 Scale: 100% Final: 26.5 x 36 BRIGHAM YOUNG—From Piercy’s Route from Liverpool to Great Salt Lake Valley Brigham Young was one of the early converts to helped to organize the exodus from Nauvoo in Mormonism who joined in 1832. He moved to 1846, led the first Mormon pioneers from Win- Kirtland, was a member of Zion’s Camp in ter Quarters to Salt Lake in 1847, and again led 1834, and became a member of the first Quo- the 1848 migration. He was sustained as the sec- rum of Twelve Apostles in 1835. He served as a ond president of the Mormon Church in 1847, missionary to England. After the death of became the territorial governor of Utah in 1850, Joseph Smith in 1844, he was the senior apostle and continued to lead the Mormon Church and became leader of the Mormon Church. He until he died in 1877. �� To George, Jenille, and their grandson Matthew, good friends met along the way Copyright © 1996 Utah State University Press All rights reserved Typography by WolfPack Cover design by Michelle Sellers Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hill, William E. The Mormon Trail : yesterday and today / William E. Hill. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-87421-202-2 1. Mormon Trail. 2. Mormons—West (U.S.)—History. 3. West (U.S.)— History. I. Title. F593.H553 1996 978—dc20 95-50223 CIP Contents Illustrations vii Preface xv The Nature of the Mormon Trail 1 Early History 15 The Mormon Church, the Development of the Mormon Trail, and Mormon Migrations: 1803–1869 17 Maps, Guidebooks, and Diaries 33 Maps 35 Guidebooks 49 Diaries 57 Pictorial Journey 75 Artists 77 Pictorial Journey 81 Illinois 87 Iowa 97 Nebraska 105 Kansas 110 Nebraska 111 Wyoming 126 Utah 162 Historic Sites 183 Museums and Displays 185 Readings and Sources 199 Recommended Readings 201 Bibliography 205 v Illustrations BRIGHAM YOUNG Frontis MORMON TRAIL MAP xii JAMES & MARGARET REED 14 JOSEPH SMITH 16 HASTINGS’S THE EMIGRANTS’ GUIDE TO OREGON AND CALIFORNIA 24 STONE WALLS 27 MORMON CAMP AT WYOMING, NEBRASKA—Savage 31 1,000 MILE TREE—Jackson 31 LANSFORD HASTINGS 34 FRÉMONT-PREUSS MAP OF 1843 36 FRÉMONT STRIP MAPS 40 FRÉMONT MAP OF GREAT SALT LAKE 42 MITCHELL MAP 44 HASTINGS-BULLOCK MAP 45 T. H. JEFFERSON MAP 46 WILLIAM CLAYTON 48 BILL OF PARTICULARS 53 CLAYTON’S GUIDE 54 PATTY BARTLET SESSIONS 80 WAGON 82 HANDCART 82 EMIGRANT & HIS WAGON 83 AUTHOR AND CAR 83 ROADOMETER 84 REBECCA WINTERS’S GRAVE 84 PRAIRIE STORM—Jackson 85 DUST ON THE TRAIL 85 PAWNEE CAMP—Jackson 86 SHOSHONE CAMP—Jackson 86 ILLINOIS NAUVOO WELCOME CENTER (LDS) 87 JOSEPH SMITH HISTORIC CENTER (RLDS) 87 NAUVOO—Piercy 88 vii � �� · Illustrations · ELK HORN SITE 111 ELK HORN FERRY—Simons 112 ELK HORN FERRY—Piercy 112 HANDCART COMPANY—Simons 113 HANDCART COMPANY—Christensen 113 LOUP FERRY—Piercy 114 LOUP RIVER 114 PAWNEE INDIAN CAMP—Jackson 115 PAWNEE VILLAGE—Simons 115 BUFFALO STAMPEDE—Jackson 116 BUFFALO 116 LASSOING THE STEERS—Simons 117 LASSOING THE OXEN 117 LONE TREE MARKER 118 LONE TREE SITE 118 CAMP AT WOOD RIVER—Piercy 119 WOOD RIVER AREA 119 ASH HOLLOW—Jagger 120 ASH HOLLOW OUTLET 120 TRAIL REMAINS 121 ANCIENT BLUFF RUINS 121 COURTHOUSE AND JAIL ROCKS—Bruff 122 COURTHOUSE AND JAIL ROCKS 122 CHIMNEY ROCK—Piercy 123 CHIMNEY ROCK 123 SCOTTS BLUFF—Piercy 124 SCOTTS BLUFF 124 SCOTTS BLUFF—Simons 125 SCOTTS BLUFF 125 WYOMING CROSSING THE NORTH PLATTE—Christensen 126 CROSSING THE PLATTE RIVER—Savage 126 FORT LARAMIE—Piercy 127 FORT LARAMIE 127 LARAMIE PEAK—Piercy 128 LARAMIE PEAK 128 MEXICAN HILL 129 REGISTER CLIFF 129 DEEP RUT HILL 130 WARM SPRINGS 130 BLACK HILLS—Wilkins 131 SIDLEY PEAK 131 RED HILLS—Wilkins 132 RED EARTH COUNTRY 132 VIEW NEAR LABONTE—Quesenbury 133 BLACK HILLS 133 MORMON FERRY REPLICA 134 FORT CASPAR—Jackson 135 FORT CASPAR 135 ix � �� WYOMING IDAHO North Pl 32 31 atte R 37 35 33 i ve v e Snak Ri r r 26 e l 34 i r a e 24 il r v ra T i O T a utoff etwater 30 29 28 regon ni R ette C Swe or r S ub l 27 alif a 36 C e 25 38 19 Sa B 42 41 39 23 18 lt Lake Cu 40 toff 53 49 47 46 43 22 Hasti n 52 21 gs C 20 17 uto ff 44 O 45 56 55 50 48 51 54 er iv R n e e Salt Lake City r UTAH G COLORADO rail sh T Old Spa ni NEW MEXICO TEXA ARIZONA THE MORMON NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL MAP SITES 1. Carthage 10. Fort Leavenworth 21. Chimney Rock 2. Nauvoo 11. Elkhorn Ferry 22. Scotts Bluff 3. Keokuk 12. Loup Ferry 23. Fort Laramie 4. Garden Grove 13. Lone Tree 24. Mexican Hill 5. Mt. Pisgah 14. Pawnee Village 25. Register Cliffs & Trail 6. Coralville 15. Wood River Ruts 7. Fort Des Moines 16. Fort Kearny 26. Laramie Peak 8. Council Bluffs (Kanes- 17. Ash Hollow 27. Sidley Peak ville) area 18. Indian Lookout 28. Red Hills 9. Winter Quarters/ 19. Ancient Bluff Ruins 29. Black Hills Omaha Area 20. Courthouse Rock xii MINNESOTA SOUTH DAKOTA M is so ur i R i v er E lk ho rn IOWA Lou p NEBRASKA 14 12 11 9 7 Iowa City 8 Platte Rive r 15 6 Council Bluffs 5 13 4 REGON TRAI 2 ILLINOIS O L Nebraska City Nauvoo Carthage 16 3 1 St. Joseph 10 Ft. Leavenworth M is s o ur Independence i R iv er IL RA KANSAS E T A F SANT MISSOURI IL RA E T A F NT SA TEXAS OKLAHOMA ARKANSAS 30. Fort Casper & Mormon 38. Oregon Buttes/Table

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