Nuit Debout: a Nova Barricada De Paris?

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Nuit Debout: a Nova Barricada De Paris? Nuit Debout: a nova barricada de Paris? Marcia Camargos ontra as minas terrestres, a caça aos animais selva- gens, o abate de bovinos, “que sofrem como nós”, contra o apartheid palestino, a perseguição aos curdos, a insegurança no bairro chinês, a islamo- fobia, a violência de Estado, as guerras, a Lei do Trabalho ou o governo golpista de Michel Temer. Escolha a sua causa e levante a sua bandeira. Na Place de la République, na interseção entre três distritos, os arrondissements da capital francesa, cabem todos os protestos. Local preferido dos insatisfeitos de plantão, ela tornou-se o ponto de partida ou chegada das manifestações cada vez mais frequentes na cidade. Isso, apesar do Estado de urgência em vigor, dando poderes extraordinários à polícia e proibindo as aglomerações. Resposta do governo François Hollande aos atentados terroristas que se abateram sobre a França, e medida preventi- va contra futuros ataques, foi decretado na tarde de 14 de novembro de 2015 em todo o território nacional. Oficialmente ainda em vigor, acabou re- C laxado, pouco a pouco, diante da crescente pres- MARCIA CAMARGOS é jornalista e escritora com pós-doutorado em História pela USP. Revista USP • São Paulo • n. 111 • p. 169-172 • outubro/novembro/dezembro 2016 169 textos / Homenagem são da opinião pública, dos movimentos sociais e e da prosperidade. Na esquerda repousa uma tábua dos sindicatos, que contestam as interdições. Dia com as inscrição “Droits de l’Homme”. sim, dia não, eles fecham o trânsito com passeatas Originalmente Place du Château d’Eau, de todo tipo e tamanho que, não raro, terminam nome derivado da enorme fonte de 1811, saída em confrontos com a polícia, além de detenções da prancheta de Pierre-Simon Girard para trazer e feridos. E embora não se possa falar em ree- água direto de La Villette, era toda decorada dição de maio de 68, quando uma greve geral com leões, assim como a sua sucessora, de 1867, rapidamente superou barreiras de classe, idade segundo projeto de Gabriel Davioud. Mas foi por e etnia, convertendo-se em insurreição popular, ocasião das drásticas remodelações urbanísticas marcando a história do século XX, nota-se um do barão de Haussmann, responsável pelo embe- nítido clima de descontentamento no ar. lezamento e higienização da capital, livrando-a A crise econômica, agravada pelo drama dos das ruelas e becos propícios às barricadas, que a refugiados, que chegam em levas sucessivas, en- praça ganhou o formato atual. O monumento que chem as ruas de sem-teto. Nas periferias, vagam viria a substituir a segunda fonte, criado pelos sem emprego jovens negros ou descendentes de irmãos Léopold e Charles Morice, resultou de árabes que, marginalizados e sem perspectivas, uma competição anunciada em 1879 pela Pre- tornam-se presa fácil dos discursos religiosos feitura de Paris, para comemorar o nonagésimo extremistas. As próximas eleições presiden- aniversário da Revolução Francesa. ciais, que apontam o crescimento da direita, nas Tanto a coluna, que sustenta Marianne, quanto candidaturas de Marine de Le Pen, da Frente as três esculturas em pedra para as quais serve Nacional, e de Nicolas Sarkozy, galvanizam as também de encosto, assim como outros elementos atenções, desafiando as esquerdas. Nesse contex- decorativos, entre florões, placas e brasão de Paris, to, a Place de la République tornou-se um locus estavam cobertas de pichações. Devidamente re- privilegiado de resistência, talvez nos moldes da cuperadas na recente limpeza, elas mostram, cada Praça Tahrir, no Cairo, no processo da derruba- qual, uma alegoria de um termo da divisa do ideal da do ditador Hosni Mubarak. republicano. São os célebres “igualdade, liberdade Estendendo-se por 3,4 hectares, o equivalen- e fraternidade”, valores iluministas presentes em te a 34 mil metros quadrados, ou quatro campos boa parte dos edifícios públicos do país. Contudo, de futebol, ela presta-se com louvor à função de sua transformação em área 70% pedestre ocorreu acolher os que protestam. Quem não se lembra no mandato do prefeito Bertrand Delanoe, que, em das imagens, veiculadas à exaustão mundo afora, 2008, fez da remodelação da République uma de da multidão que tomou cada centímetro das suas suas principais promessas de campanha. calçadas, logo após o assassinato da equipe de re- dação do jornal Charlie Hebdo? E das homena- OCUPAR E RESISTIR gens, em forma de buquês de flores, velas, cartazes, desenhos, faixas, flâmulas, brinquedos, bilhetes e grafites, que quase submergiam o monumento de “Guerra aos tiranos, paz entre os povos.” 23 metros de altura, sobre o qual desponta uma Com este mote, os integrantes da Nuit Debout figura feminina em bronze? convidam os revoltosos a convergirem rumo a Recolhidos a partir do início de agosto de 2016, um ponto comum, compartilhando o mesmo ob- os objetos, agora armazenados em um arquivo da jetivo. Tarefa nada simples, em face do número Prefeitura, abrem espaço para que melhor se admi- de reivindicações presentes nessa que se tornou re a obra no topo do pedestal. De pé, vestida com a Meca dos revolucionários, independente da uma simples toga, a estátua de Marianne personi- origem, credo ou modus operandi. Para se ter fica a República Francesa nos seus 9,4 metros de uma ideia da multiplicidade de propostas encon- imponência e glória. Na cabeça traz uma coroa de tradas nos limites da Place de la République, louros e um barrete frígio, usado em 1793 pelos basta dizer que no domingo, 24 de setembro, sans-culottes durante a Comuna de Paris. Na mão ao menos dez diferentes causas eram defendidas direita carrega um ramo de olivas, símbolo da paz com ardor por seus ferrenhos militantes. 170 Revista USP • São Paulo • n. 111 • p. 169-172 • outubro/novembro/dezembro 2016 De um lado, moças e rapazes seminus, envol- Pairando sobre esse caldo político-cultural tos em plástico, para simular embalagens a vácuo, como um guarda-chuva protetor, encontra-se a or- pregavam o fim da matança e do consumo da car- ganização autodenominada Nuit Debout. Tradu- ne animal. Sob o sol forte do início de outono, ex- zido para algo como “Noite em Vigília”, procura punham seus corpos tingidos de vermelho como aglutinar e apoiar os setores da sociedade civil que se fossem mercadoria na prateleira refrigerada buscam a praça para ecoar seu desagrado. Surgido de um supermercado. Para reforçar a mensagem, em 31 de março de 2016, no rastro de uma grande logo em frente, um senhor vestido de açougueiro manifestação com cerca de 150 mil pessoas contra oferecia aos transeuntes partes humanas de men- a Lei do Trabalho, realizada duas semanas antes, o tirinha, desafiando-os a experimentar um torno- movimento, que se diz plural e apartidário, busca zelo, coxa ou globos oculares ao vinagrete. Os a convergência das lutas. Seu alvo? A contestação veganos dividiam espaço com os que combatem a global das instituições políticas e do sistema eco- crueldade contra os animais selvagens, igualmen- nômico. Sem porta-vozes, líderes ou hierarquia, te “perseguidos e necessitando nossa proteção”, organiza-se em comissões de coordenação, logís- conforme apontou uma das ativistas. tica, atendimento e comunicação, ao passo que a No extremo oposto, em um lugar fechado, ao tomada de decisões se faz por meio de assembleias qual só se tinha acesso após uma revista de bolsas gerais, democráticas e participativas. e sacolas, como tornou-se praxe para entrar até Servindo de exemplo para outras cidades fran- em lojas e cinemas, erguia-se uma pirâmide de cesas, o coletivo de vigília progressivamente mon- calçados. Era o recado da ONG Handicap Inter- tou uma infraestrutura básica para permanecer no national que, desde 1995, vem lutando contra a local o máximo de tempo possível. Instalam-se proliferação das minas terrestres e uso de armas enfermaria, cantina, turnos de limpeza, de infor- explosivas em zonas povoadas. Uma mostra ao ar mações e de acampamento. Formaram-se equipes livre trazia fotografias e relatos de vítimas e de que incluem estudantes, operários, precarizados, profissionais engajados na remoção e destruição imigrantes, universitários e desempregados de di- dos artefatos que, apenas em 2016, mutilaram 4 ferentes matizes políticas. Como uma ágora gre- mil pessoas em 80 países. Ao final do percurso, ga contemporânea, a praça evoca as ocupações os visitantes eram convidados a contribuir com da Porta do Sol em Madri, pelos Indignados, em um par de sapatos, tênis, bota ou sandália para 2011, e a Syntagma em Atenas, tomada pela “Ge- a montanha simbólica, e a assinar uma petição. ração dos 700 Euros”. Inspira-se ainda, dizem, nas Ao longo da praça, sob tendas, sentados em ações do Occupy Wall Street, movimento que, a baquetas como numa roda de conversa, grupos partir de 17 de setembro de 2011, instalou-se no distintos discutiam todo tipo de assunto, que iam Zuccotti Park, no distrito financeiro de Nova York. da situação na Inglaterra pós-brexit, estratégias Horizontal e espontâneo vinha denunciar a desi- para enfrentar o Medef, o sindicato patronal, à gualdade, a corrupção e a ingerência das grandes situação explosiva da “Jungle” de Calais – como corporações nos negócios do Estado, para seu pró- intitula-se o campo de refugiados daquela cidade prio benefício, em detrimento dos outros 99% da portuária. Enquanto isso, nas laterais, uma pas- população norte-americana. seata multiétnica reunia gregos e baianos. Nela viam-se manifestantes sob o arco-íris gay, outros “NÓS SOMOS MILHÕES” pedindo o boicote aos produtos de Israel. Colom- bianos gritavam pela paz na sua terra devasta- da pelo narcotráfico e membros da comunidade Para embalar as centenas de insatisfeitos que curda reivindicavam a libertação de Abdullah fazem da République uma extensão das suas casas, Öcalan, cofundador do Partido dos Trabalhadores a Orquestra Debout promove sessões quase diárias. do Curdistão, (PKK), condenado à prisão perpé- Sem um corpo artístico fixo nem uma seleção de tua na Turquia.
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