DOCSLIB.ORG

Nuit Debout: Frankreich Gerät in Bewegung!

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nuit Debout: Frankreich Gerät in Bewegung! Felix Syrovatka Nuit Debout: Frankreich gerät in Bewegung! Am frühen Morgen des 11 . April 2016 konstant hohe Arbeitslosigkeit auf, die räumte die Polizei die Place de la Répub- gleichzeitig mit einer Verschärfung der lique im Herzen von Paris und zerstörte räumlichen Ungleichheit beim Zugang zu Zelte und Infrastruktur der noch jungen öffentlichen Dienstleistungen verbunden französischen Bewegung Nuit Debout ist . Ebenso kam es, wie Boltanski und („Die Nacht erhebt sich“) . Doch schon Chiapello (2006) darlegen, seit Ende der am selben Abend protestierten wieder 1980er Jahre zu einem radikalen Wandel Tausende gegen die Arbeitsmarktpolitik der Arbeitsverhältnisse, der mit einem der sozialistischen Regierung . Ausgangs- kontinuierlichen Anstieg von befristeten punkt waren die Demonstrationen Ende Arbeitsverhältnissen und Leiharbeit ver- März, an deren Anschluss mehrere hundert bunden war . Zwischen 1985 und 2001 Menschen die Place de la République be- stieg allein die Anzahl der durch Leiharbeit setzten und anfingen, eine Infrastruktur geleisteten Stunden um 506 Prozent (Del- aufzubauen . Vernetzt über die sozialen bar/Léonard 2002: 6) . Im Jahr 2014 lag der Medien, wie Facebook und Twitter, brei- Anteil befristeter Arbeitsverträge bei Neu- teten sich die Platzbesetzungen in mehr als einstellungen bei 84 Prozent, der höchste 60 französischen Städten, darunter allen Wert in der gesamten EU . Zugleich ist der großen, aus . Selbst in traditionell eher kon- Arbeitsmarkt heute durch eine hohe struk- servativeren Städten wie Nizza existieren turelle Arbeitslosigkeit geprägt und stark Ableger der Nuit-Debout-Bewegung . fragmentiert . Junge Menschen, Frauen Anfang der 1990er Jahre überschritt oder MigrantInnen werden durch dieses die Arbeitslosenquote die Zehn-Prozent- System der prekären Beschäftigung dis- Marke und zementierte die Arbeitslosig- kriminiert und vom Arbeitsmarkt ausge- keit als drängendstes Problem . Die stei- schlossen, womit sie in besonderem Maße gende Arbeitslosigkeit war das Ergebnis von Arbeitslosigkeit betroffen sind (Lux der seit der angebotspolitischen Wende des 2015) . So lag die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit im damaligen Präsidenten François Mitterand Februar 2016 mit 24,7 Prozent auf einem 1984 eingeleiteten Transformation des neuen Rekordhoch . französischen Kapitalismusmodells . Das Die konstant hohe Arbeitslosigkeit Ende des Colbertismus und der ‘Planifica- führte dazu, dass die französische Ar- tion’, die Deregulierungen im Finanzsek- beitsmarkt- und Beschäftigungspolitik tor sowie Privatisierungen hatten enorme in den letzten drei Jahrzehnten durch Folgen für die soziale und territoriale einen erhöhten und permanent aufrecht- Entwicklung des Landes . So weist etwa erhaltenen Reformdruck gekennzeichnet der ehemals industrialisierte Norden des war . Vor allem ab Ende der 1980er Jahre Landes seit Anfang der 1990er Jahre eine kam es auf der Grundlage der diskursiven PROKLA. Verlag Westfälisches Dampfboot, Heft 183, 46. Jg. 2016, Nr. 2, 317 – 323 318 Felix Syrovatka Verknüpfung von Lohnnebenkosten und November 2012 zur Wettbewerbsfähigkeit Arbeitslosigkeit zu einer Erneuerung der Frankreichs . Noch im Dezember 2012 be- Arbeitsmarktpolitik und einer Welle von schloss die sozialistische Regierung einen Reformen, die bis heute eine Kontinuität sogenannten Wettbewerbspakt, der Steu- darstellen (vgl . Syrovatka 2016) . So ziel- ererleichterungen für Unternehmen von ten fast alle Arbeitsmarkreformen seit mehr als 20 Milliarden Euro im Jahr bein- den 1990er Jahren strukturell auf eine haltete . Dem schloss sich Anfang 2013 die Abgabenentlastung der Arbeitgeber, eine Rahmenvereinbarung der Sozialpartner Deregulierung des Arbeitsmarktes, auf über die „Flexicurity“ an, die Gehalts- und die Stärkung der betrieblichen Ebene und Arbeitszeitregelungen auf der betrieblichen eine stärkere Aktivierung von Arbeits- Ebene flexibilisierte und Entlassungen aus losen . Die einzige Ausnahme stellte die wirtschaftlichen Gründen erleichterte . Die Arbeitsmarktpolitik der sozialistischen Arbeitsmarktpolitik von Hollande folgte Regierung Jospin dar . Diese verfolgte eine damit schon vor der Neujahrsansprache nachfrageorientierte Beschäftigungspoli- 2014 einer angebotspolitischen Stoßrich- tik und setzte 1998 die 35-Stunden-Woche tung . Die endgültige neoliberale Wende gegen den vereinten Widerstand der Ar- Hollandes vollzog sich dann mit der beitgeber durch, die seitdem jedoch Ziel Durchsetzung des Verantwortungspaktes ihrer Angriffe und denen konservativer (PdR) und manifestierte sich in der Umbil- Regierungen ist . Schon die nachfolgende dung der Regierung, mitsamt der Berufung Regierung Raffrain begann mit einer par- Manuel Valls zum Premierminister . Der tiellen Rücknahme der 35-Stunden-Woche PdR, der weitere Steuer- und Abgaben- (Vail 2010) . entlastungen für Unternehmen von mehr Mit der Transformation der Finanz- als 30 Milliarden Euro jährlich vorsieht, krise in eine europäische Wirtschafts- und war der Startschuss einer ganzen Batterie Staatsschuldenkrise wuchs der Druck neoliberaler Reformen . Dem PdR folgte vonseiten der EU und der OECD auf die noch im selben Jahr das umfangreiche, französische Regierung stark an (Syrovatka nach dem französischen Finanzminister 2016) . Während François Hollande 2012 benannte Reformpaket Loi Macron . Das mit dem Versprechen gewählt wurde, die mithilfe der Notverordnung 49-3 gegen europäische Austeritätspolitik zu been- den Widerstand der Gewerkschaften und den und für mehr soziale Gerechtigkeit den linken Flügel der Sozialistischen Par- in Frankreich zu sorgen, schwenkte er im tei beschlossene Reformpaket hatte die Januar 2014 ebenfalls auf einen angebot- Abschaffung der Zugangsbeschränkung spolitischen Kurs ein, vorbereitet durch für bestimmte Berufe (Notare, Taxifah- einen alarmierenden Bericht des ehemali- rer etc ),. die Ausweitung der Nacht- und gen EADS-Vorsitzenden Louis Gallois1 im Sonntagsarbeit sowie eine umfassende Lockerung des Kündigungsschutzes zur Folge . Mit der autoritären Durchsetzung 1 Der Bericht stellte die bisherige Wirt- der reagierte die sozialistische schaftspolitik der Regierung infrage . Loi Macron Basierend auf dem Narrativ fehlender Regierung auf die Forderungen der EU- Wettbewerbsfähigkeit, forderte er eine Kommission und den steigenden Druck drastische Reduzierung der Lohnneben- aus Deutschland (Syrovatka 2016) . So kosten und einen „choc de compétitivité“ sollte die Umsetzung der Loi Macron nach durch Unternehmensentlastungen . Aussage von Emanuel Macron in erster Nuit Debout: Frankreich gerät in Bewegung! 319 Linie ein „Reformsignal an die europäi- die ArbeitnehmerInnen, jedoch soll der schen Partner und vor allem Deutschland“ Arbeitgeber bei Nichtzustimmung Ent- sein (Le Monde, 16 10. .2014) . lassungen aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen An die Loi Macron schließt nun der vornehmen können . aktuelle Gesetzesentwurf für die Reform Schwächung von Gewerkschaften: Be- des Arbeitsrechts, die sogenannte Loi El triebsinterne Referenden zu Fragen wie Khomri – benannt nach der Arbeitsmi- der Wochenarbeitszeit oder zur Gehalts- nisterin Myriam El Khomri – an . Der gestaltung sollen bindend werden, womit Entwurf enthält im Kern keine wirklich Blockaden einzelner Gewerkschaften bei neue Idee, knüpfen die Vorschläge doch Betriebsentscheidungen umgangen werden an die Arbeitsrechtsreformen der letzten können . Jahrzehnte an und weisen damit eine stär- Schwächung der Arbeitsgerichte2: Die kere Kontinuität auf, als die Verfasserin Höhe von Abfindungen soll gesetzlich und ihre KritikerInnen zugeben würden: begrenzt werden . Der Entwurf sieht dabei So sollen der Kündigungsschutz gelockert, relativ niedrige Obergrenzen vor: Nach betriebsbedingte Entlassungen erleichtert zwei Jahren Betriebszugehörigkeit soll die und die betriebliche Ebene für Vereinba- Abfindung nur drei Monatsgehälter betra- rungen der Sozialpartner gestärkt werden . gen dürfen, nach 20 Jahren und mehr sogar Jedoch geht der Gesetzesentwurf deutlich nur maximal 15 Monatsgehälter . über die angebotspolitische Stoßrichtung Die Arbeitsrechtsreform wird das letzte der bisheriger Regierungen hinaus: große Gesetz der Regierung Valls vor den Lockerung der Überstundenregelung: Präsidentschaftswahlen im Mai 2017 wer- Durch Betriebsvereinbarungen soll die den . Umso stärker liegt der Druck auf der Wochenarbeitszeit für den Zeitraum von Regierung, die nun vorgelegte Reform des 16 Wochen auf 48 Stunden (in Ausnah- Arbeitsrechtes ohne größere Änderungen mefällen sogar auf 60 Stunden) erhöht durchzusetzen, vor allem nach der geschei- und Arbeitszeiten von bis zu 12 Stunden terten Verfassungsänderung zur Staatsbür- am Tag angeordnet werden können . Auch gerschaft . Zwar hatte Hollande zu Beginn soll die gesetzliche Vergütungsregelung von seiner Amtszeit angekündigt, sich an den Überstunden durch Betriebsvereinbarun- Arbeitslosenzahlen messen zu lassen, je- gen abgeschwächt werden können . doch finden sich die Beweggründe für die Lockerung des Kündigungsschutzes: Die Arbeitsrechtsreform vor allem im verstärk- Definition von „betriebsbedingten Kündi- ten Druck verschiedener Kapitalverbände gungen“ soll stark erweitert werden, sodass und der EU . Schon seit 2014 fordert die schon kleinste Verluste Gründe für Kündi- gungen darstellen können . Stärkung von Vereinbarungen auf der 2 Schon die Loi Macron sollte Abfindungen betrieblichen Ebene: Durch „Entwick- begrenzen und die Macht der Arbeitsge- lungsvereinbarungen“ zwischen Beschäf- richte beschneiden, scheiterte jedoch am Verfassungsrat . Die stellt tigten und Arbeitgebern soll über einen
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nuit Debout: a Nova Barricada De Paris?
    Nuit Debout: a nova barricada de Paris? Marcia Camargos ontra as minas terrestres, a caça aos animais selva- gens, o abate de bovinos, “que sofrem como nós”, contra o apartheid palestino, a perseguição aos curdos, a insegurança no bairro chinês, a islamo- fobia, a violência de Estado, as guerras, a Lei do Trabalho ou o governo golpista de Michel Temer. Escolha a sua causa e levante a sua bandeira. Na Place de la République, na interseção entre três distritos, os arrondissements da capital francesa, cabem todos os protestos. Local preferido dos insatisfeitos de plantão, ela tornou-se o ponto de partida ou chegada das manifestações cada vez mais frequentes na cidade. Isso, apesar do Estado de urgência em vigor, dando poderes extraordinários à polícia e proibindo as aglomerações. Resposta do governo François Hollande aos atentados terroristas que se abateram sobre a França, e medida preventi- va contra futuros ataques, foi decretado na tarde de 14 de novembro de 2015 em todo o território nacional. Oficialmente ainda em vigor, acabou re- C laxado, pouco a pouco, diante da crescente pres- MARCIA CAMARGOS é jornalista e escritora com pós-doutorado em História pela USP. Revista USP • São Paulo • n. 111 • p. 169-172 • outubro/novembro/dezembro 2016 169 textos / Homenagem são da opinião pública, dos movimentos sociais e e da prosperidade. Na esquerda repousa uma tábua dos sindicatos, que contestam as interdições. Dia com as inscrição “Droits de l’Homme”. sim, dia não, eles fecham o trânsito com passeatas Originalmente Place du Château d’Eau, de todo tipo e tamanho que, não raro, terminam nome derivado da enorme fonte de 1811, saída em confrontos com a polícia, além de detenções da prancheta de Pierre-Simon Girard para trazer e feridos.
    [Show full text]
  • '68 to Nuit Debout: Shifting Perspectives on France's Anti-Police
    From mai-juin ’68 to Nuit Debout: Shifting perspectives on France’s anti-police Chris Reynolds, Nottingham Trent University Abstract In the great drama that was mai-juin 1968, the police were unquestionably a central actor. In particular, they played a pivotal role in transforming what started out as a relatively minor, student-based rebellion into a nationwide movement that brought the Gaullist regime to the brink of collapse. The 2016 Nuit Debout protest movement drew strong comparisons to the 1968 events with many wondering if France stood to experience a repeat of those heady days. This article will argue that the inability of Nuit Debout to capture the imagination of the general public in a similar fashion to what happened in 1968 is not solely the result of the exceptional and divergent contexts. Instead, it will contend that this failure is also to be understood through an appreciation of shifting perspectives on France’s anti-police. Such positive developments, it will be argued, have ironically been shaped as a result of the 1968 events and the manner with which they are most commonly remembered. La police était un acteur indéniablement principal dans les événements de mai-juin 1968 en France. En particulier, ils ont joué un rôle critique dans la transformation d’une crise étudiante, relativement mineur, en un mouvement national qui a poussée le régime gaulliste jusqu’au bord du gouffre. Le mouvement Nuit Debout de 2016 a été très souvent comparé aux événements de 1968 avec beaucoup qui se demandaient si la France risquait une répétition de cette crise phare.
    [Show full text]
  • Putting the Policing of Nuit Debout in Context
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Bournemouth University Research Online International Journal of Communication 12(2018), 1887–1907 1932–8036/20180005 Activist Reflexivity and Mediated Violence: Putting the Policing of Nuit Debout in Context ANNA FEIGENBAUM Bournemouth University, UK PATRICK MCCURDY University of Ottawa, Canada To better understand the historical trajectory of the policing of Nuit Debout, in this article we argue that the reflexive relationship between police and protest tactics is heavily mediated by the presence of the press and by the emergence of digital technologies. Our analysis focuses on three sets of reflexive activist practice: (a) challenging media representations—the adaptations and innovations that respond to dominant media framing of police–protester relations; (b) “sousveillance” and police monitoring—the recording and monitoring of police violence and the public education around the police’s use of force; (c) civic forensics and data aggregation—the gathering, analyzing, and collectivizing of citizen-generated data. Although not intended as a taxonomy, these groups of practices are offered as conceptual lenses for critically examining how activists’ tactical repertoires for protesting police adapt and evolve, building on each other to challenge the representational, legal, and material dimensions of state power as it manifests in police–protester relations. Keywords: policing, social movements, riot control, protest, Nuit Debout The riot police—CRS—cut off the march in two, supposedly because there were some dangerous elements in the front—I don’t know if it’s true. They blocked us around 45 minutes. When they finally let us pass, some of the protesters got angry and started throwing things on the police.
    [Show full text]
  • Strange Speech: Structures of Listening in Nuit Debout, Occupy, and 15M
    International Journal of Communication 12(2018), 1840–1863 1932–8036/20180005 Strange Speech: Structures of Listening in Nuit Debout, Occupy, and 15M JESSICA FELDMAN Stanford University, USA Practices and techniques of listening were at the core of recent social movements that explicitly espoused horizontal direct democracy: 15M, Occupy Wall Street, and Nuit Debout. These movements sought to imagine nonhierarchical structures through which large groups of strangers could speak and listen to each other, considering seriously the coconstruction of communicative form and political values. Drawing on participant observation; 23 long-form interviews with social movement actors in Paris, Madrid, and New York City; and texts such as video documentation and “best practices” literature, this article performs a comparative analysis of internal assembly communications— particularly bodily mediated methods of transmitting and perceiving spoken language— and their relationships to deliberation and decision making. All of these movements struggled to reconcile the mandate to listen with the material and infrastructural challenges of autonomous public space. Nuit Debout’s strong commitment to accommodating those who could not comfortably participate in an occupation (day laborers, sans-papiers, disabled, etc.) caused its internal communication practices to differ in its attempts to conserve time and to prioritize translation. Keywords: social movements, listening, voice, Nuit Debout, Occupy Wall Street, 15M, horizontal democracy In order to enter into political exchange, it becomes necessary to invent the scene upon which spoken words may be audible, in which objects may be visible, and individuals themselves may be recognized. —Rancière, Dissenting Words (Panagia & Rancière, 2000, p. 118) Starting in late 2010, an upsurge of publicly sited social movements, broadly termed “the movements of the squares,” attempted to solve the problems of democratic deliberation, public speaking, and group listening.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliodebout: a Collaborative Library in a Social Movement Raphaëlle Bats, Marilou Pain
    Bibliodebout: a collaborative library in a social movement Raphaëlle Bats, Marilou Pain To cite this version: Raphaëlle Bats, Marilou Pain. Bibliodebout: a collaborative library in a social movement. Bobcatsss 2017, Jan 2017, Tampere, Finland. hal-01496139 HAL Id: hal-01496139 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01496139 Submitted on 27 Mar 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Title: Bibliodebout: a collaborative library in a social movement Authors: Raphaëlle Bats, Univ.Lyon, Centre Gabriel Naudé, Enssib, Lyon, & Univ Paris Cité, LCSP, Paris 7, Paris, France, [email protected] Marilou Pain, Enssib / Center for Direct Scientific Communication (CCSD), [email protected] An unexpected political mobilisation leads to the occupation of a large number of public squares in French cities from the end of March to July 2016. In those Nuits Debout, a collective starts up BiblioDebout, a participative library working on a gift basis. Trough participative observations and text analysis of the collective’s mailing lists, this paper studies how BiblioDebout expresses a specific relationship between knowledge and power, and, therefore, emancipation. BiblioDebout is utopian, egalitarian, emotional and experimental, and so on could be an inspiration for public libraries willing to renew with their political vocation.
    [Show full text]
  • Faculty Achievements 2018
    THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF PARIS FACULTY ACHIEVEMENTS 2018 Professor Ziad Majed presenting as part of the student-organized Migration Conference at the Hôtel de Talleyrand, May 2018 1 FOREWORD The many achievements of AUP’s faculty have led to 2018 being another landmark year for the University’s growing academic reputation. This brochure, which presents inspiring interdisciplinary research from across the liberal arts, is evidence of the full depth and breadth of scholarship at AUP. The work produced by faculty compellingly 15 addresses many of the world’s most pressing books issues, most probing questions and most important challenges, while encouraging students to engage with these concerns both inside and outside the classroom. The scholarly output of AUP’s faculty covers a more than wide array of subjects, and their research findings have an impact at both the local and global scale. Their creative endeavors are equally important; 140 AUP’s artists, writers and filmmakers contribute articles at an international level, producing works that tackle major societal questions while maintaining a social conscience. An important element of faculty success is evident in the collaborations that take place between over faculty and students – be this on study trips, via research projects or through mentoring student clubs. An inquisitive and intellectual pedagogical 240 approach, such as the one upheld by our AUP presentations In recent years, AUP has emerged community, allows creativity to flourish. An as a leader in the American emphasis on respecting diverse viewpoints and practicing varied methods of inquiry further allows international university for innovation in this collaborative work.
    [Show full text]
  • Bodies, Spaces, Actions (Steven Cohen, Femen, Nuit Debout) Michel Briand
    Choreographic/Political Performances: Bodies, Spaces, Actions (Steven Cohen, Femen, Nuit debout) Michel Briand Abstract:Choreographic activism could be exemplified by three case studies: performances by Steven Cohen, esp. Coq/Cock, 2013; “sextremist” actions by the Femen, since 2012; Nuit debout (“Up all night!”), a democratic forum at the Place de la République, 2016. Some issues are crucial here: “dancing” social and political conflict and ethical/aesthetical interactions; deconstructing/constructing heterotopic spaces and utopian bodies; carnivalesque interplays of irony, critical thinking, spectacular celebration and denunciation; dialectics of discursive and synesthetic pragmatic and negotiation. These performances may also compare to anti-AIDS actions. This paper intends to study choreographic activism or artivism (i.e. art activism) in three context-specific case studies, considered through three main pragmatic perspectives: - Occupying and building up (heterotopic) spaces and times: where? when? - Standing up against and for (esthetic, ethic, and political) values : what? - Queering bodies, discourses, identities, and communities: who? how? But I first would like to state some epistemological and methodological prolegomena about the relation between dance and politics, relying both on ancient, esp. Greek, and recent scholarship on aestheticizing politics and politicizing aesthetics. Politics and dance: humanity and space, dissensus, carnival 1. The Aristotelian definition of human being as phúsei zoon politikón (“a political animal by nature”), in Politics 1253a1-11, implies that a person defines her/himself both as an animal (with a sensitive and practical body as well as embodied psychology, cognition, and thought) and as a part of an organized group (a pólis, not “town”, like ástu, but “city”, that is a “public body” ideally based on eleuthería - freedom, autonomía – self-governance, and koinonía - mutuality).
    [Show full text]
  • Alternative Media Practices: the Case Study of Nuitdebout Giuliana Sorci, University of Catania
    Alternative Media Practices: the case study of NuitDebout Giuliana Sorci, University of Catania 1 Abstract With the advent of Web 2.0 and the social media in particular, there has been a "revolution" in terms of cultural and political participation of actors such as the social movements, that often use social networks, blogs, Internet sites, and so they build what Manuel Castells in "Communication and Power" called "a mass self-communication system". The effects of this system have not yet been investigated. Since The Arab Springs in 2011, the overseas movement Occupy Wall Street or the Spanish Indignados movement # 15M, or that which arose against the austerity policies in Greece, to the NuitDebout, social movements, in fact, have experienced new forms of political communication that by using the Network channels were able to involve millions of netcitizen. The movement of NuitDebout was created in opposition to the LoiTravail, drawn up by the Minister of Labour El Khomri, the Socialist government led by President Hollande and the Prime Minister Valls. The LoiTravail, as labor reforms reads that involve other European countries, including Italy and its Job Act, might, in fact, been seen as an exception to the national collective bargaining in favor of the company, with an obvious loss of negotiating power of the part of the workers, and of a company's greater ease to fire its employees. According to therefore with the other anti - austerity movements, since last March, also in France, there was the resumption of a cycle of protests and mobilizations that involved all major cities of the country, with protest actions such as marches and unauthorized demonstrations, direct actions, blockades, strikes, occupations of the squares, but also an alternative use of communication strategies to build an "autonomous dimension of communication".
    [Show full text]
  • Depoliticizing Discourses the Role of Editorials in the Reproduction of Consensus: Assessing the Media Coverage of the Yellow Vest Movement
    Depoliticizing discourses The role of editorials in the reproduction of consensus: assessing the media coverage of the Yellow Vest movement Mathilde Colin Human rights Bachelor thesis 15 ECTS Spring term 2019 Supervisor: Jonna Pettersson 1 Abstract The purpose of this thesis was to study how Yellow Vest protests, which started 17 November 2018, and protesters themselves, were being described in the French mainstream press. The material consisted in 19 editorials from 5 of the most-circulated newspapers in the country. They were analyzed using Norman Fairclough’s model of critical discourse analysis and within a theoretical framework drawn from Chantal Mouffe’s discussion of the notion of consensus. The findings suggest that the mainstream discourse on Yellow Vests is one which denies their legitimacy within the political realm through a process of depoliticization supported by discourses of contempt, republicanism, and unity. This study illustrates the struggle of protesters to be granted space and legitimacy within contemporary democracies to properly exercise their civil and political rights. Keywords: consensus, democracy, France, media, Yellow Vests Word count: 14145 2 List of Abbreviations ACPM – Alliance for press and media figures (Alliance pour les chiffres de la presse et des médias) CDA – Critical Discourse Analysis EU – European Union FN – National Front (Front National, now RN, Rassemblement National) IGF – General Inspectorate of Finances (Inspection Générale des Finances) IGPN – General Inspectorate of the National Police (Inspectorat Général de la Police Nationale) LFI – Unbowed France (La France Insoumise) LR – The Republicans (Les Républicains) LREM – The Republic on the Move (La République en Marche) PS – Socialist Party (Parti Socialiste) RIC – People's Referendum (Référendum d'Initiative Citoyenne) RWB – Reporters Without Borders TICPE – Domestic consumption tax on energy products (Taxe intérieure de consommation sur les produits énergétiques) UN – United Nations 3 Table of Contents 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Re a Ing the It He Ccu O E Ent and Ts R an Resonances
    Reaing the it he ccu oeent and ts ran Resonances R Vanderbilt University SALLY O’DRISCOLL Fairfield University he ccu oeent in loer anhaan and its such as Nuit Debout in Paris, 2016. These efforts were not directed by later oshoots challenge the a uran sace is used professional urbanists or architects, but rather by grass-roots groups. and oliced his article eaines the selfreresenta Nonetheless, the disciplines of architecture and urban planning that tion of ccu and its relationshi to an organiation now aspire to foster community-based design have much to learn from of sace designated for arious uses ith cultural and these provocations of the urban status quo. The last time the potential of “anonymous architecture” (to borrow Bernard Rudolfsky’s term) to olitical signicance his essa ass architects and change professional practice was recognized was, unsurprisingly, in the uranists to consider the ilications of such occu nineteen-sixties, when “the philosophy and know-how of the anony- ations for conceiing the deocratic cit mous builders” was believed to present “the largest untapped source of architectural inspiration for post?industrial man.”1 THE OCCUPY MOVEMENT When people come together to occupy space in political protest, they One could say that the visual/textual self-representation developed lay bare their desire to claim that space in a fiercely intentional way: they at Liberty Square was a guidepost to the deliberate reshaping of pub- are determined to shape it to meet specifically articulated community lic urban space that formed the core of the Occupy mission. The visual/ needs. Thus an examination of such protests, ephemeral though they textual style speaks for the desire to use urban space in new ways that may be, reveals a trove of information about the desires of a particular were enacted in those protests – the style carries the enormous cultural section of the community in relation to developing a new vision of pub- weight of a visionary deployment of progressive politics in the city.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nuit Debout Movement: Communication, Politics, and the Counter-Production of “Everynight Life”
    International Journal of Communication 12(2018), 1819–1839 1932–8036/20180005 The Nuit Debout Movement: Communication, Politics, and the Counter-Production of “Everynight Life” Introduction JAYSON HARSIN The American University of Paris, France This introduction applies a conjunctural approach to contextualizing particular analyses and theorizations of the French Nuit Debout social movement that began in 2016 (and may have ended that same year). It questions social movement research’s frames of movement emergence and decline. Integrating popular and alternative media and scholarly treatments of Nuit Debout, it assembles a longer French historical view of forces, repertoires, and aspirations and a broader culturally specific (although particulars are cross-culturally shared) set of developments that inevitably created conditions favoring Nuit Debout’s emergence. With regard to one enduring part of the past, Nuit Debout demonstrates a palpably French critique and counter-production of everyday life based in a desire to unleash human creativity while practicing direct democracy and social relationships contrary to consumer capitalist values—shared with other recent, especially leaderless, anti-austerity movements. The introduction then emphasizes the innovative role of media and communication in Nuit Debout before situating each contributing article in the conjunctural context. Keywords: social movements, Nuit Debout, hacking, activism, alternative media, journalism, critique of everyday life Plutôt la nuit debout que le jour à genoux (Better to stay up all night than to spend all day on your knees). —Graffiti slogan associated with Nuit Debout I live and work in Paris and frequently stop at the Place de la République (Square of the Republic, henceforth “La Place”) to have a coffee and read or write, or to meet a friend.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nuit Debout Discourse: an Outcry for Liberty, Equality and Fraternity in a Post- Democratic Order
    Faculty of Behavioral, Management and Social Science The Nuit Debout Discourse: An Outcry for Liberty, Equality and Fraternity in a Post- Democratic Order Marlena Kiefl S1734121 European Public Administration University of Twente A Thesis submitted for the Degree of Bachelor of Science First Supervisor: Dr. M.R.R. Ossewaarde Second Supervisor: Dr. Irna van der Molen July 6, 2017 Abstract The Nuit Debout movement which sparked of in Paris on 31 March 2016 turned out to be the largest social movement that France has been seen since the French Spring in 1968. In many ways, Nuit Debout (up all night) reminds of the wave of movements which occurred in the aftermath of the financial crisis in 2011 such as the Indignados in Spain or Occupy Wall Street in many cities around the globe but which was only week in France, equally impacted of these circumstances. Which is interesting is to look on the specific French context, a country which is undergoing a legitimacy crisis being famous for its revolutionary past and recent victims of terror attacks. Drawing on this Post-’11 movement from a discursive perspective, I will investigate how Nuit Debout expresses itself in social media analyzing a high quantity of social media statements. The aim of inquiry of this thesis is to unmask the Nuit Debout discourse under the primary research question: How does the Nuit Debout discourse describe itself on social media? thesis analysis in debt the perceived legitimacy crisis, the national emotional resevoir as well as the collective identities within the Nuit Debout discourse. I will come to the conclusion that the Nuit Debout discourse is the expression of a fundamental distrust against the representative democracy in which the national values: liberty, equality and fraternity are no longer addressed.
    [Show full text]