Posted on Authorea 11 Feb 2021 | The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161306959.99455794/v1 | This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. h isnhsso aood,tersgaigptwy,adqectnsrl npatsgaigaealso are signaling stress). plant UV in and role metal, quercetin’s heavy briefly and salt, pathways, review (e.g., signaling this stresses Additionally, their abiotic flavonoids, and discussed. environments. of biotic physiological non-stress several biosynthesis mitigating and increasing in The stress in role plant role under quercetin’s quercetin’s proper against in highlights assesses tolerance induces review processes plant provides This as biochemical potently stresses. it well and so abiotic as antioxidant, and powerful photosynthesis, biotic seed a several is as and Quercetin such structure machinery, flavon development. processes, the antioxidant and structure. physiological upon growth plant growth, ring built several compound aromatic pollen natural facilitates bioactive an Quercetin germination, a having B). is It C)-C6(ring compounds flavonoid. A)-C3(ring phenolic of nC6(ring hydroxylated subclass special of a category is Quercetin special a are Flavonoids Abstract 0000–0002–2476–5409 ID: ORCID +919412328593 number: Phone [email protected] email: * Poland Bialystok, 15-245 St., 2 India 202002, Aligarh 1 Singh plants Priyanka in quercetin of flavonoids, role of discussed. biosynthesis The The also are stress). signaling UV plant and assesses in metal, briefly heavy role review salt, quercetin’s several this (e.g., and potently Additionally, increasing stresses pathways, it in abiotic environments. signaling so and role their non-stress antioxidant, biotic quercetin’s and mitigating highlights powerful stress in review a under role This is quercetin’s in stresses. Quercetin processes abiotic biochemical development. B). and and and biotic C)-C6(ring physiological and several growth A)-C3(ring machinery, against plant antioxidant nC6(ring tolerance growth, structure proper plant pollen flavon induces provides germination, the as seed upon well as special built such a as compound is processes, photosynthesis, Quercetin physiological natural plant bioactive structure. several ring a facilitates aromatic is Quercetin an It having compounds flavonoid. phenolic of hydroxylated subclass of category special a are Flavonoids Abstract 2021 11, February 2 1 Singh Priyanka plants in quercetin of role The eateto ilg n ln clg,Fclyo ilg,Uiest fBaytk JCiolkowskiego 1J Bialystok, of author: University Corresponding Biology, University, of Faculty Muslim Ecology, Aligarh Plant and Sciences, Biology Life of of Department Faculty Section, Physiology Plant Botany, of Department lgr ulmUiest aut fLf Sciences Bialystok Life of University of Faculty University Muslim Aligarh 1 asiArif Yamshi , 1 asiArif Yamshi , 1 nre Bajguz Andrzej , 1 nre Bajguz Andrzej , 2 n hmu Hayat Shamsul and 1 2 n hmu Hayat Shamsul and , 1* 1 Posted on Authorea 11 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161306959.99455794/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. eti lns(ekr leig crie,Ko,&Kubi,21) lnssucso urei in- quercetin of sources Plants racea 2014). Krumbein, acid. tum & acetic Kroh, glacial Despite and fistulosum Schreiner, solutions, taste. (43-230 Klaering, alkaline bitter density (Becker, aqueous clude a flux plants alcohol, having photon in in substance photosynthetic tent soluble solid in slightly insoluble fluctuation is crystalline The it Rai, a insolubility, & yellow-colored, general anti- (Lakhanpal is its quercetin effects anti-tumor, Quercetin gastroprotective name protection, The and 2007). cardiovascular anti-hypertensive, antioxidant. immunomodulatory, an anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, as anti-inflammatory, viral, works anti-allergy, onion, word including and Latin tea erties, in the by present from tolerance widely derives stress pigment plant plant a providing Quercetin, in the role on potential focuses its Occurrence also as It 2. well regulation. as and traits. transduction, biosynthesis physio-biochemical signal its diverse and modulating in plants, quercetin in of 1996). role role al., quercetin’s et highlights considered Acker review Van is This flavonoids, 1996; flavones of Samman, classified property kaempferol), & scavenging are (Cook radicals and hesperetin), Flavonoids medicine free and fisetin, flavanone, The in naringenin, 2013). myricetin, anthocyanidins. (e.g., other and Pandey, flavanones quercetin, catechins, isoflavonoids, class, & isoflavones, flavones), (e.g., structural and Kumar flavonols luteolin, polymerization, 2016; apigenin, comprising and (e.g., al., hydroxylation The subclasses et of 1983). several (Havsteen, (Ahmed degree into resistance reported substitutions their capillary startup were and and on a C, wall depends conjugations, as vitamin capillary with flavonoids acts the combination of phenylalanine of integrity in where nature P, the derivatives. pathway, maintaining vitamin methylated far polypropanoid for named and so valuable the initially aglycone, identified as via were glycosides, been which done as have Flavonoids, is found compounds molecule. flavonoids flavonoids phenolic are of 8000 which synthesis Around of The aromatic half group. an plants, hydroxyl carrying various single compounds from minimum as recognized a broadly with are nitrogen- ring flavonoids (isoprenoids), metabolites, compounds secondary terpenes 2016). phenolic several al., Among and i.e., et glucosinolates), categories, (Fang and flavonoids) different distinct and glycosides, in three phenylpropanoids cyanogenic present into (i.e., alkaloids, are categorized metabolites (i.e., secondary were modified. compounds 100,000 get containing They quality as many and gene species. quantity as pathway, the plant metabolites’ synthesizing influence these their greatly so environments to also biosynthesis, the fluctuating According factors metabolites extrinsic modify that various secondary observed also hand, for (2018) other factors responsible Sanchita parts the synthesizing extrinsic plant On processes. of Several for storage. differentiation these and and regulate responsible synthesis 2020). initiation metabolites the are al., secondary alter for et type, factors Developmental responsible Li cell (Yanqun metabolites. and these metabolites of enzymes biosynthesis secondary different subsequent of The of kinds synthesis. 2020). involvement diverse metabolite al., secondary the for et steps including Nabavi production initial 2020; the variations, the are Wu, pathways modulate & glycolytic Light, and also Sussman, secondary acid Fu, stresses of metabolites. Shikimic Kong, secondary synthesis of Li, for The sorts (Yanqun need other situ. different metabolites ex numerous a secondary metabolites has or and of secondary organ salinity, situ while every in drought, as cells, either radiations, plant location, plant, ultraviolet by its are the by up of restricted metabolites used parts is are Primary different metabolites metabolites in Primary metabolisms; activities metabolites. carbohydrate cells. several and of secondary perform protein, activities fat, and vital process; the primary expenditure and different energy photosynthesis; of in involved amounts directly huge produce Plants Introduction 1. Keywords: (Hyperiaceae), ou alba Morus var. (Amaryllidaceae), italic isnhss hloe aood,pyoomns eodr metabolites secondary phytohormones, flavonoids, chalcone, biosynthesis, (Brassicaceae), (Moraceae), yeiu hiricinum Hypericum etlaasiatica Centella quercetum, aelasinensis Camellia rsiaoleoracea Brassica hc means which (Clusiaceae), (Apiaceae), (Theaceae), var. 2 uru robur Quercus atrimofficinale Nasturtium sabellica oig oleifera Moringa aau scipionum Calamus μ o m mol (Brassicaceae), ok.Qectnhsmdclprop- medical has Quercetin (oak). -2 s -1 euae h urei con- quercetin the regulates ) (Moringa), (Brassicaceae), (Calamoidaceae), pu graveolens Apium yeiu perfora- Hypericum rsiaoleo- Brassica Allium (Api- Posted on Authorea 11 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161306959.99455794/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. pcaie ise Cry tal,Slne,&Cade,20) euaino isnhsssosdistinctive shows biosynthesis of thaliana Regulation 2004). Chandler, in & alteration Selinger, Strahle, (Carey, tissues specialized eeomn ftihmsadros(awye l,19) n az A1cudcomplement biosynthetic could anthocyanin PAC1 the maize and of 1994), seeds) B1 al., and the et (Galway roots both of roots (in by and needed genes trichomes is of of PAC1, development activation protein, complete WD40 active the Functionally a pathway. for contrast, proteins In In R1 pattern. vege- ( 2011). and developmental- the families Grotewold, and and in multi-gene & two biosynthesis tissue TT8), Braun, by anthocyanin distinct Machemer, and encoded activating Feller, are EGL3, for 2004; proteins other (GL3, al., MYB each et bHLH with (Baudry various In interact tissue TFs), PAP2) biosynthesis. tative and anthocyanin WD40 (PAP1 of (a perform TFs genes TTG1 MYB complex) structural 40 while the MYB-bHLH-WD combina- biosynthesis, of (form The proanthocyanidin expression TFs 2011). of spatial 40 Tonelli, seeds and WD & developing temporal and (Petroni and bHLH, factors activation R2R3-MYB, moni- transcription the in of differentially R2R3-MYB (e.g., interaction are and and dicot pathway transcription proteins, tion and anthocyanin various 40 maize) the with WD in in interacting (e.g., (bHLH), participating by monocot Gene out in families. carried tored different is of pathways (TFs) biosynthetic flavonoid factors the B-ring, of Gang, in & 2006). Regulation Murphy, Møller, C-4’ Gershenzon, & chemical at Kutchan, C-3’ Peer flavonoids. and 2017; to A. and physical categorize (Brodowska, proceeds W. unique to activities A-ring, induce further 2015; biological used substituents in hydroxylation several different also when in position with group is resulting compounds C-7 function Flavonoid properties C catechol and B-ring. ring of the C-5 in formation in at position the position in groups. in C-4 present other occurs results carry the be mainly often or at might which groups methylated, group group glycosylated, hydroxyl carbonyl hydroxyl be A- of can of One than Substitution which lack chain, 1). B-ring or side existence in the (Fig. to The often positions ortho-position galactose, ring (more glucose, the different as at methylation such A-ring at like oligosaccharides arabinose) & or processes mono- rhamnose, (Alrawaiq (with the xylose, quercetin glycosidation following and acylation, by : hydroxylation, flavonol arise ring), 2020). synthase flavonoids crucial al., flavonol et in and Nabavi enzyme active Differences 2007; the an Rai, of & of action Lakhanpal biosynthesis 2014; the the Abdullah, Finally, reaction catalyzes intermediary hydroxylation dihydroquercetin dihydroquercetin. an the on construct occurs as undergoes to 3’-hydroxylase C-ring serves dihydrokaempferol flavonol heterocyclic which on the 3 flavanone), the Likewise, flavanone of (a dihydrokaempferol. construction the naringenin synthesizes The produces Meanwhile, which C6-C3-C6). (CHI), compound. (i.e., isomerase with skeleton 4- chalcone flavonoid catalyzed cinnamate of via is enzyme B-rings reaction and chief one particular A- of from This action chalcone 4-coumaroyl-CoA. the enzyme naringenin produces of undergoes and help acid CoA ammonia- the cinnamic with phenylalanine particular, ligation enzyme In produce crucial undergoes is the to acid 1). by (C4H) cinnamic catalyzed hydroxylase Initially, (Fig. is pathway. (PAL) reaction metabolic this lyase phenylpropanoid phenylalanine; 2016). the al., from via et synthesized place Li takes Yao 2007; biosynthesis Rai, Quercetin & quercetin (Lakhanpal carbohydrates of of Biosynthesis conjugates 3. or glycones as present be also vinifera Vitis (Rosaceae), spinosa aceae), .thaliana A. (Capparaceae), oinrmsativum Coriandrum efr pta ieeta xrsinpten,mdlt h xrsinof expression the modulate patterns, expression differential spatial perform rnsavium Prunus .thaliana A. (Vitaceae), however, ; p .thaliana A. cuaaeCAlgs 4C) h nyecacn ytae(H)poue the produces (CHS) synthase chalcone enzyme The (4-CL). ligase -coumarate:CoA spru officinalis Asopargus pac1 ikobiloba Ginkgo n az.TreRR-Y rtis(Y1,MB2 n Y11 of MYB111) and MYB12, (MYB11, proteins R2R3-MYB Three maize. and (Rosaceae), .thaliana A. (Apiaceae), az uat nypromdceeti h nhcai imnainin pigmentation anthocyanin the in decrement perform only mutants maize p p T,T8adTG omatraycmlxfloe yatvto of activation by followed complex ternary a form TTG1 and TT8 TT2, , cuai cd hssnhszdpcuai cdwt abxlcgroup carboxylic with acid p-coumaric synthesized This acid. -coumaric cuaolCAadtremlnlCAmlclst rdc essential produce to molecules malonyl-CoA three and -coumaroyl-CoA acnu oxycoccus Vaccinium Gngaee,and (Ginkgoaceae), β- T1i eddfratoynnpgetacmlto uigthe during accumulation pigment anthocyanin for needed is TTG1 limcepa Allium yrxls FH nege yrxlto fnrnei and naringenin of hydroxylation undergoes (F3H) hydroxylase (Aspargaceae), rbdpi thaliana Arabidopsis 3 B/R (Liliaceae), abcscanadensis Sambucus (Ericaceae), and rnsdomestica Prunus PL/C1 atc sativa Lactuca oau lycopersicum Solanum epciey.Ec ebrhsa has member Each respectively). , lnsb ai helix-loop-helix basic by plants ) (Rosaceae), Aoaee,weei can it where (Adoxaceae), (Asteraceae), AtFLS1 e mays Zea au domestica Malus ntsu,and tissue, in (Solanaceae), ttg1 HHand bHLH , Capparis mutants A. Posted on Authorea 11 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161306959.99455794/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. aaiei,adiohmei bt r ehltddrvtvs hwdhge ciiista quercetin signaling phytohormone than inhibition, in activities lipid-peroxidation Quercetin 1998). higher of al., showed 5. terms et derivatives) Santos function In methylated 2018; crucial al., are a 1996). et plays (both Paganga, (Lesjak group isorhamnetin & 3-OH ac- and Miller, the equal (Rice-Evans, tamarixetin, that (show high- concluded activity isorhamnetin the be antioxidant and shows can in its tamarixetin quercetin it and by Therefore, that followed quercetin and conclude quercetin-3,4’-di-O-glucoside. property, of quercetin-3,5,7,3’,4’-penthamethylether, authors antioxidant relation isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, of the quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, activity thus terms tivity) structural quercetin in potential; the in antioxidant potential adjustment studied at molecule. the its est (2018) associated that quercetin down observed generally They the trims al. are activities. structure et groups of antioxidant methyl Lesjak and positions however, anti-inflammatory significant on positions; 7-positions. derivatives distinct 7-OH at and possess and modifications 4’-, they 3- that 3’-, several at revealed occurs to derivatives usually its due Glycosylation and activities quercetin of and activities efficiencies biological the of Investigations 2020). Sohng, more & illustrate (Magar groups 3-O- 4’-position) po- glycosyl tamarixetin isorhamnetin and position. 7-OH (e.g., leads methyl and distinctions and 7-OH which both structural 3-O-rutinoside-4’-O-glucoside, 3’- having of the derivatives at isorhamnetin glycosylation at Quercetin the group 3-O-rutinoside), 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-glucoside. group (3-methylquercetin), methyl (isorhamnetin isorhamnetin at methyl a narcissin is methyl with a flavonol to derivative additional quercetin has methylated Methylated an quercetin Another also dimethylated possess rutin. sitions. quercetin a of tamirixetin moiety is and 7-O-methyl glucose rhamnazin ether rhamnetin rutin the Furthermore, 4’-methyl oligoglucosylated to Likewise, iso- quercetin the joined Enzymatically-altered while (i.e., glucose quercetin, 4’-position). of found of residues avicularin. also position more are forms 3-OH five derivatives the to position to up same fixed contain residues can above or glucose the ten rutinose has to as quercetin known arabinofuranose derivative are of quercetin another rhamnose attachment of form development and the and glucose in quercetin β- like results a to group Disaccharides hyperoside. is 7-OH respectively. attached or or Isoquercetin 7-O-rhamnoside, also galactoside 3-OH 3-O B-ring. quercetin the quercetin the and to named of addition 3-O-rhamnoside with derivative, Attachment group quercetin. another association rhamnosyl of generates the its group portion Likewise, 3-OH and same the structural the oxidation of Additional at instead C-ring glycosyl. galactose glucose the attached and having to methoxyl, differentially compound hydroxyl, the due quercetin-derived of including changeover about the C6(A-ring)-C3(C-ring)-C6(B- groups, to come other structure: due variations are flavon with flavonoid various the ion the hydrogen upon in differences located built structural The compound, 1). natural (Fig. ring) bioactive a & is (Pires Quercetin plants land hypothesis, of compounds development this Quercetin-derived the strengthens 4. mosses during & the complex Devantier, in bHLH-MYB Charest, proteins proteins the 2010). bHLH MYB (Xue, of Dolan, and R3 evolution gymnosperms and MYB R2 early the both of structural the class of from several suggesting the presence angiosperms from like The of C1 2003). evolution the separation Rutledge, their that evolutionary notion analyze the the to precedes supporting pathway; studied anthocyanin gymnosperm been the in controls have that found 2010). was families al., It changes. MYB et functional (Stracke and accumulation In bHLH and regulation 1997). of The involvement flavonoid Wessler, the the & indicating in seeds/siliques, Coe, regulators and (Neuffer, unknown pollen some infertile in are starts the accumulation for regulators flavonol required PFG1-3-independent C1/PL1+R/B are in and Flavonols male-fertility 2012). P1 conditional al., without and et (R/B Ferreyra pollen anthocyanin (Falcone by of regulators modulated (R2R3-MYB) germination are P1 ZmFLS1/2 and 2007). al., C1/PL1) et and (Stracke pattern developmental specific dictate -lcprns.Rtni loavtldrvtv,hvn iacaie tte3O oiin Similarly, position. 3-OH the at disaccharides having derivative, vital a also is Rutin D-glucopyranose. β- -lcsd a lcs t3psto n ehlgopat group methyl a and 3-position at glucose has D-glucoside ie mariana Picea 4 e mays Zea M,Ngl alr 92,wiemaize while 1992), Taylor, & Nagel, (Mo, baksrc) 1lk MF)regulator (MBF1) like C1 spruce), (black α- L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-6)- .thaliana A. a , Posted on Authorea 11 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161306959.99455794/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. n h eaoi ahaso ui sas oprmnaie ntesm ellrsrcue aoe by favored structure; cellular 2009), same al., the et (Mravec in (ER) compartmentalizes reticulum also endoplasmic is at auxin found domain of hydrophilic are pathways short (PM) relatively metabolic by membrane the characterized plasma PIN8) and of PIN6, PINs PIN5, as the (such (Komis, kinase than proteins re-programming MAP PIN from cellular of influence subclade occurs the A to kinases assisting MAP Azzarello, for easy of region (Agati, it nuclear re-organization nucleus making the as the Oveˇcka, 2014), to conditions, & in Muday, stressed portion synthesized under cytoplasmic & are significant the Hechler, flavonoids becomes 2011). Watkins, It that al., et of 2012; finding activities. Lewis amount Tattini, the 2012; large al., by a & et as (Grunewald supported Pollastri, auxin concentration further auxin of high signaling is of regulate sites This noted(Akhtar also near might been found flavonol have been antioxidant have biosynthesis synthesized flavonoids flavonol this promote 2010); that al. redox-homeostasis et cellular in alterations Severe 2). (Fig. mechanisms H protection stress short, induce promotes the In stresses against Environmental 2000). response 2017). plant Sheen, Peer, the level, & boost cellular Zhang and the and 2013; gradient At al., ROS et the enhances signaling. level Peer for H auxin IAA Ann role the in (Wendy buffer repressing hike environment local auxin a changing hence a modulating that oxidation, perform for support IAA might also responsible and flavonoids promotes oxidation studies be IAA Previous and can for in flavonols production progresses. generated DIOXYGENASE hence, growth ROS radicals respective 2001); activity IAA the (Mathesius, of the and level ion oxygenase level, the retarding Mn(II) dependent reduce Fe(II) cofactor by can and its flavonols oxidation 2-oxoglutarate chelate Besides, Watkins, the IAA (Gayomba, 2). to whether signaling the (Fig. unclear belong auxin superfamily still that regulate at the is proteins level Flavonols It on (DAO1) OXIDATION1 ability auxin scavengers. Peer AUXIN scavenging ROS Ann the 2017). Wendy of ROS in 2011; function flavonols-induced Muday, gradient the al., of & et performing auxin impact Peer i.e., the an Ann 2017), (Wendy determine is Peer, catabolism Flavonoids there & auxin’s Zhang affecting 2006). 2013; the by Murphy, al., for stage et & tissue responsible Peer or Michniewicz are A. cellular 2015; which 2013). Friml, W. both Murphy, & proteins, 2007; (Adamowski & scavengers (PID) Peer proteins al., Cheng, (ROS) facilitator Peer, A. PINOID et auxin-efflux species Ann W. serine-threonine (PIN) oxygen Wendy PINFORMED 2011; of reactive 2010; of Murphy, Tattini, activity powerful localization & & as the the Agati Yang, function disturbs modifying 2007; Blakeslee, and Tattini, of Quercetin Peer, & 2008) power Goti, Ann the al., Matteini, (Wendy have et (Agati, They proteins Santelia of signaling. 2006; Murphy, amount and & huge transport a auxin supports altering of flavonoids for activities the suited using well are fungi Flavonols and signaling Pressel, bacteria (Hassan auxin with organogenesis (Field, Quercetin-mediated nodule flora flora 5.1. boosting land land further of of 1993). levels, association inhibitor (Jorgensen, auxin evolution The hypothesis transport local the auxin Jorgensen’s the an 2012). in enhancing as Mathesius, event thereby bacteria acts & flavonol 2015), N-fixing peculiar nodulation, al., with mycorrhizal a During et relationship the 2015). be (Ng 2006); string Bidartondo, Mathesius, to a & & build Rimington, considered Pellerone, Duckett, soil to Wasson, plants with 2012; them with interacting Mathesius, enabled by & particularly association also plants (Hassan flavonol, and land fungi meantime, of 2012) mycorrhizal the ability and al., In makes taking et flavonols UV- nutrient 2011). of (Cesco Tattini, shielding and C-skeletal water chemistry & the in point but the (Pollastri powerful turning 1999), improved plants as Knowland, derivatives, the land & quercetin themselves marks for Cockell proved 2013; this cost-efficient Flavonols al., of more them; et them One for (Agati function. started MAA costly MAA’s the nutrient-poor flora earlier. became over as towards Marine radiations, takes compound) than vegetation flavonol N-containing pushed adaptive metabolism. the an evolution more flavonol where (being Gradual flora with MAA material. (MAA) recent and UV-protectant acid the land, a amino making as mycosporine-like MAA past, of producing the replacing in is occurred them have changes Several 2 O .thaliana, A. 2 rdcin(O) hc rgesteseicMPkns uha P n N1kns,i tobacco in kinase, ANP1 and NPK as such kinase MAP specific the triggers which (ROS), production aa,2018). Samaj, ˇ hc ietteaxnrltdsgaigoiaiesrs inln Kvu,Ci,Tn,& Tena, Chiu, (Kovtun, signaling stress oxidative signaling auxin-related the divert which 2 O 2 ciae h AKcsae hc erse ui-nue ciiisand activities auxin-induced represses which cascade, MAPK the activates 5 Samajov´a, ˇ Posted on Authorea 11 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161306959.99455794/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. aito) nacdfla B ee ne ihlmnnei u oicessi h de-glucosylation the et in (Lee increases molecules ABA to synthesized due newly is from luminance than UV- 2018). without rather high al., or (ABA-GE), et under 2010), (with Wang ABA-glucoside level conditions al., inactive F. light ABA et of 2008; high foliar Berli process al., under et 2011; Enhanced synthesis (Bechtold flavonol Bottini, increased signaling & radiation). the light Piccoli, supports with Fanzone, correlation correlated (Berli, This 2014; is biosynthesis Hirt, signaling flavonol & ABA-induced in Colcombet, and involved Zelicourt, also de is (Danquah, ABA 3) in 2009). (Fig. distribution al., regulation flavonol et cell of Jammes position guard nuclear ABA-induced Watkins the the specifically, 2008). against more Song, and, & Wang cytoplasmic thaliana (P. the stomata A. observed closing (2014) for low having essential al. mutant with considered tomato et mutants H is another and to tomato 2017). network Muday, compared ABA-signaling Likewise, & stomata the of Chapman, (Watkins, 2014). aperture content small al., quercetin a high and et content tomato (Watkins ROS both high cells in show quercetin-deficient flavonol closure strongly to stomatal to ABA-regulated compared PIN/flavonoid-mediated antagonizes reported stomata the it also towards as are ABA; Quercetin-derivatives door of and the pathways angiosperms. opened signaling and the it bryophytes influence thus, in growth; regulation the shoot shape in plant protein the PINs regulated that reported and (2014) naringenin in architecture al. plant’s protein et the Bennett PIN6 in alter ‘ancestral’ present 2016). to that found PINA was reported the PIN-flavonoid researchers and al., of exposure. some light et However, expression (Stracke white bryophytes). the GLYCOSIDES) high FLAVONOL (particularly and regulates OF UV-B HY5 (PRODUCTION both PFG this in Notably, called CHS 2010) MYB111, of exposure. and accumulation MYB12 UV-B and genes under expression transcription protein 5) SYNTHASE) HYPOCOTYL (CHALCONE in (ELONGATED Stracke, that HY5 suggested Rizzini, mediates (Wolf, evidence derivatives quercetin-derivatives Recent UVR8 quercetin of of 2010). production level Rensing, the & high ( increasing modi- Ulm, a particularly moss several with exposure, together induced Both UV plant, UV-radiation against whole 2012). to Mulinacci, the al., exposed Pinelli, in Plants et Gravano, in even Tattini, and (Agati plant 2017). organs M. al., the individual 2007; et of in Tattini Jansen, & fications 2002) Massimiliano & Guisez, 2000; Jansen, Pasternak, Palme, (Potters, Romani, Guisez, 2010; conditions & Pasternak, Djordjevic, non-stresses flavonoids Potters, and & Antioxidant 2009; exposure) for Imin, 2012). light Jansen, biosynthesis high Jansen, (Buer, quercetin Velanis, (exceptionally & morphology (Hayes, of stressed Prinsen, plants the initiation both Guisez, UV-exposed the modulate Oevelen, high for van potentially of Hectors, phenotype responsible can et busy 2014; is (Brown Franklin, the UVR8 dominance in & that entire resulting apical Jenkins, and the hypothesized impaired modulation heavily even also signaling with and is auxin colonized phenotypes functions It show In organ and 2001). alter transport, function. al., can auxin flavonoid it high example, primary role; have For the significant thesis, Dur- a became morphology. auxin plays signaling. signaling entire flavonoid auxin of flavonoid plant’s by with regulation plants, concentration signaling ROS-mediated land quercetin plants, the the of land related evolution hypothesized They the (2018) flavonoids. ing Tattini by and signaling 1999). and 2006). Winkel-Shirley, Gori, (Kitamura, MATEtransport & and Sebastiani, 2) type (Burbulis Fini, (Fig. cassette) biosynthesis binding proteins Brunetti, (ATP flavonoid as extrusion) ABC for supported ion both toxic further by Hawes, site done and is main & is flavonoids resistance lumen the Park, (multidrug and ER is transport the Seo, both plants inside ER auxin (Kriechbaumer, in transportation between land of involved Flavonoid cell correlation hence face earlier PIN5 the The ER; cytoplasmic in 2014). of in 2009). the present lumen al., al., gradient to et also et auxin site) (Viaene Mravec are synthesis developing proteins 2015; (auxin PIN ER and ER the on Jones, compartmentation of of & portion localized auxin function (Friml cytoplasmic ancestral proteins ER from the auxin in PIN is escorts proteins homeostasis regulatory auxin 2005). and that Bartel, enzymes suggesting related & metabolism Woodward auxin 2010; different of presence the .thaliana A. ur el;bt unhn fH of quenching both cells; guard ur el of cells Guard . .patens P. hsoirlapatens Physcomitrella .thaliana A. ol elclzdi RadP Fil&Jns 00 io tal., et Simon 2010; Jones, & (Friml PM and ER in localized be could .thaliana A. 2 O ihhg urei ocnrto hwgetraetr of aperture greater show concentration quercetin high with 2 n niiino A iaeatvte yqectnact quercetin by activities kinase MAP of inhibition and 6 rnprn et t)mtnslcigflvni syn- flavonoid lacking mutants (tt) testa transparent n nisem( angiosperm and ) .patens P. .patens P. 2 O 2 sa motn eodr esne in messenger secondary important an is and aeavr ihrsos oflavonol to response high very a gave acatapolymorpha Marchantia .thaliana A. epn similarly respond ) .thaliana A. (liverwort), Posted on Authorea 11 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161306959.99455794/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. lvnisaeesnilscnaymtbltssnhszdi lotalpatprsudrdffrn plant- different taste under the parts including activities, plant physiological all numerous with almost associated in are synthesized They metabolites communication. environment secondary essential 2018). are al., plants Flavonoids et in (Brunetti quercetin synthesis of quercetin Role more radiated to 6. transportation UV-B leading the 2014), The al., alters 2014). et efficiently com- (Hayes al., quercetin promote key signaling et in-turn, Auxins a 2011). (Hayes and, Wagner, relationship. as auxin 2007; auxin-flavonol synthesis) act of Shinozaki, kaempferol the might & (over with and (Hirayama similarity synthesis pathway components, some quercetin ABA-signaling secondary shows the relationship and of ABA-flavonol primary route methodological The both regulatory major the of of animals, content faces pound in the and metabolism. observed alter un-elucidated cell can been guard remains Quercetin has of 2018). metabolism quercetin case al., of cell the et in action (Brunetti plant might particularly 3) the in quercetin problems, by (Fig. that activity network activities hypothesized on signaling modulating kinase was antagonistically ABA-SnRK2-PP2C this protein it function the of on proteins and, control modulation PID 2007) of Although and al., kind 2C) et similar type (Michniewicz a phosphatases PID place proteins 2017). (protein (e.g., PIN al., PP2A kinases et of (Kuhn signaling the protein phosphorylation proteins) (primary that serine/threonine PIN-formed evident of family of circulation is SnRK2 activity differential the It the the in of to participate that ma- members opposed proteins can with strongly (PINOID) flavonols well-described, interfering Additionally, are is by Flavonols 2018). irradiance pathway light al., components). signaling et high partic- (Komis the ABA Their MAPKs to the of 2014). response nipulate re-allocation Treutter, in nucleus & metabolism to Schmid, Feucht, cellular cytoplasm 2012; of including al., re-orientation et the (Agati 2009). in nucleus al., ipation the et in Jammes located H H 2014; remain of edging Flavonols al., downstream of et work potential its (Danquah that antagonistic to 3) activities the due that MAPKs (Fig. be hypothesized suppressing movements only be via not can might also It shutting but stomatal subcellular 2017). accumulation in ABA-mediated al., lower on slightly et quercetin (Watkins and of vacuoles nucleus effect cell the in guard distributed for remains except quercetin H organelles, Generally, low & 2008). content Jordan, Song, quercetin & John, high Wang (A.-H.-Mackerness, a 2012). 3) have Lamattina, cells (Fig. & Guard biosynthesis Zocchi, flavonoid Bruzzone, in Cassia, upregulation Tossi, NO-motivated results involve 2001; that might Thomas, genes this flavonoid and NO re-programming, early example, metabolic of for irradiated pathways, UV-B ABA-signaling in signaling and mutant important HY5) regulating (aw) as wild- via H movements without than (such and stomatal stomata anthocyanin machinery control open flavonol-synthetic tomato to of observed amount of the was high components UVR8 that a shutting showed protein observed and Moreover, stomatal synthesis, (2017) tomato. anthocyanin In ABA-encouraged type of al. cost 2014). against the et al., act at Watkins flavonols et to supports Watkins 2014). 2017; found al., al., was et et accumulation (Watkins Watkins flavonol 2009; ethylene-stimulated Cassia, & , Lamattina, Tossi, oxidative 2016; countering by Mittler, executed H be substantial to and considered is burst, pathway signaling ABA of both regulation Flavonols-mediated 2013). regulating Guo, signaling signaling a & ABA against Yuan, mediated Quercetin-mediated plants (Leng, flavonol investigation of 5.2. for acclimation under ABA-flavonol-mediated further themselves of is connects mechanism from environment actual changing ER ABA’s ABA, the drastically Flavonol-mediated auxin, initiates of However, of light 3). ABA. (Lee vicinity Availability excessive and (Fig. movement. the ER-localized Auxin that biosynthesis stomatal is at flavonol proposed for quercetin form, including modulator is ABA, extra (ABA-GE) and It an local bounded provides site. of regulation that glucoside level synthesizing ABA-signaling is the its flavonoid enhances the concept from and main molecule viz. ABA-GE The ABA 2006); free al., 2017). of et al., removal et the Tattini for Massimiliano 2006; al., 2 O 2 Tsi aatn,Jnis asa 04.Ti norgstecneto atcpto fABA- of participation of concept the encourages This 2014). Cassia, & Jenkins, Lamattina, (Tossi, 2 O 2 rdcin edn omr B ytei Coduy ieo lmad & Blumwald, Rivero, (Choudhury, synthesis ABA more to leading production, 2 O 2 .thaliana A. hc snee o B-nue tmtlcoue(P. closure stomatal ABA-induced for needed is which , 7 hwdhg Y eesadrdcdauxin reduced and levels HY5 high showed β- lcsds B1,responsible (BG1), glucosidase 2 O 2 ocne stomatal confer to .thaliana A. 2 O 2 Posted on Authorea 11 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161306959.99455794/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. anr n h piu oepoe eeca o h atclrpat hsrsac ute promotes further research This dose-dependent a plant. in particular the works for quercetin quercetin. beneficial The of proves property dose antioxidative enzymes. optimum the (POX) the glutathione peroxidase viz., and and and enzymes manner, (APX), antioxidant Mahajan (SOD) peroxidase of ascorbate by activity dismutase (GST), seedlings the glutathione-S-transferase superoxide regulates (GP), tobacco (Takahashi, peroxidase quercetin inhibitor treated glutathione that ATPase (GR), quercetin reported reductase 2005), was using Yang, al., It performed Novitzky, & et (2013). & was (Gao Yadav (Pan (Moreland analysis primordial inhibitor inhibitor transport Transcriptional root electron kinase establish and protein 1987). to 1998), Ishii-Iwamoto, a necessary helpful & be as Bracht, be Kelmer-Bracht, could might work Sert, inhibition content may transport auxin Quercetin the 2011). localized that Yang, high 2011). argued as & researchers transportation plant, The (Gao auxin the to 2007). production for restricted Rolfe, was NO & treatment Wu, acid-induced exogenous In its their Nizamidin, 3-butyric so depicted (Imin, tubes. inhibitor, indole quercetin auxin pollen well-known the using a of retard is (1992) growth Quercetin to al. and observed et germination, was Ylstra development, application of the research in vitro role in promotive carbon Earlier of in improvements has 1984). lot quercetin-mediated (Takahama, researche suggested assimilation Recent a quercetin by debatable. is photobleaching plants. carotenoid is There of on plants concludes Suppression quercetin the making amounts. of of on sitability quercetin roles differing the applied beneficial in But be exogenously more physiology. but of revealed can plant consequence 2011). plants, on it Tattini, the quercetin in & this, on in-built present (Pollastri based From of wavelengths effect always solar the 2013). are shortest about flavonols al., information the related up et occupations, soak and (Agati numerous coefficient to Quercetin spectrum providing potential extinction of highest solar molar competent of the higher metabolites charge of flexible a the with range have at leaves hydroxycinnamates UV-B supplying though the that even over hypothesized Tattini, flavonols 2000), & the al., Romani, Gravano, hydroxycinnamicthan et Galardi, the (Agati, Tattini replace trichomes derivatives M. secretory 2015). quercetin and al., transitions, 2002; cells et sun epidermal association (Ng to Peer formation both mycorrhizal shade nodule in Ann arbuscular derivatives during during (Wendy acid that plant regulators quantities evident transport the very small auxin now support as in is act to even It they reported as transports, 2012), also auxin al., were et polar flavonols 1991). (Abdel-Lateif adjust The (Stafford, to functions 2007). in is Murphy, synthesized physiological quercetin & as of of variety metabolites, role wide ancient crucial a most One the performing be mosses, cells may in leaf flavonols even guards flavonoids, Lee, and which (Feild, the flower, senescence ferns Among the during capability to 2001). retrieval display Holbrook, nutrient a improves pollinators/insects & give and the metabolites damage, recruit photo-oxidative pigments Secondary and the (anthocyanin) attract dispersal. against blue compounds seed and and These purple, pollination 2001). for red, (Winkel-Shirley, distinct tissues plant for 2002). engaged various are Winefield, responsible of and flavonoids & metabolites the drought, Markham, secondary and Swinny, are radicals, metals, (Ryan, Flavonoids free heavy production many ROS produce changes, stress-induced to deleterious thermal plants the exclude Plants the scavenging including to forced with techniques activities. them pressure, innovative of anti-pathogenic various environmental All evolved and to have UV-irradiations. anti-fungal they due the so developed move, slow cannot effects to & and found sessile Joseph, often been (Hartwig, are has plants flavonoids challenging 2007). of of Reddy, overcome growth & Hydroxylation to Wienand, and plants Scheffler, for the germination Reddy, help pathway the Reddy, also signaling 1991; inhibiting Flavonoids Phillips, by the chrysin bacteria. competition nitrogen-fixing eliciting instance, the in For for nodule their legumes root 2012). some, developing in Hocher, in or biosynthesized & symbiosis and function 2014), are important Bogusz, an Kulma, luteolin Likewise, impart (Abdel-Lateif, & Flavonoids and Kostyn, interactions 2020). 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Data may be preliminary. pce.Oiie urei eiaie ute ec ihGHadwtrmlclst eeo nadduct, an develop to molecules water and GSH-dependent GSH oxidative arbitrate the with for to could react donor necessary proton TaGSTL1 further is a derivatives like antioxidants that works quercetin phenolic which indicated Oxidized quercetin, active of active (2014) species. regenerating of scavenging for Lam derivatives enzymatic pool the Thus, the and of reduction 2012). sustain Chan Arora, and homeostasis. rejuvenate & antioxidative managing by to Guru, generated radicals Lohani, radicals phenoxyl Mall, phenoxyl these (Bartwal, although antioxidant, pro-oxidative excellent are of an reactions role as functional act the compounds and Phenolic survival, increased in and confirmed protection ascorba- also responsible was of gene GmGSTL1 this ratio GmGSTL1 gene of the the up-regulation improved that in quercetin suggests finding the monodehydroascorbate This that (from malonyldialdehy- and disulfide. highlighted GST, the content glutathione/glutathione APX, also (GSH) and reduced peroxidase, authors glutathione te/dehydroascorbate glutathione also was of and these it activities ascorbate Quercetin Furthermore, reduced and enhanced health. reductase. to catalase, tomato led plant contrast, SOD, of ratio for in treatment lipoxygenase, lower and, quercetin quercetin of induced Meanwhile, of activity content. quercetin role the de to positive reduce due the to be concluded reported might and this and antioxidants chlorophylls that non-enzymatic of suggested production enhanced suggest Na the in and of indicated ions They quercetin, zinc quercetin. by and of carotenoids cadmium role by encouraging the caused observed consequences and harmful Ludwig-M the and reversed thaliana naringenin Keilig A. of and plants. thereby quercetin exudates in Barcel´o, 2001), both Guns´e, Root amelioration & Poschenrieder, that metal Llugany, metals. heavy (Kidd, heavy flavonoid-mediated flavonoids by in confirming generated a rich 2009). in Tattini, effects were stress toxicity & toxin H aluminum face Biricolti, the of to Stefano, with resist level plants Agati, quercetin can the the 2011; Flavonoids of helps al., reduces which cross-talk et quercetin closure, (Agati The stomatal The manner the savior power. reduces capabilities. less mitigation that halting experiments closure) stress stress few stomatal tremendous a its ABA-induced only its confers Unfortunately, forward stress further production). the put ABA ROS of most (via to as stress stress performed flavonoid oxidative eradicating of of were generating source by 3-position reliable plant more the chelation. the a metal at it harm allows makes OH-group and quercetin aggregation, Having of ROS property inhibits antioxidant plants. scavengers, The ROS functions, in efficient function biological and more flavonols biotic stress-filter makes of under skeleton flavonols their range Increased indicate vast 1999). stress (Chalker-Scott, a indicating abiotic pathway, plants synthesizing performing in flavonoid mechanisms the metabolites, protective alters stress environment secondary flavonoid’s fluctuating The of protection. group stress diverse including a are Flavonoids mitigation stress in in Quercetin oxidation 7. protein analyzed also effects. toxic authors paraquat’s These in generates conducted Even compound, treatment. experiment ROS-producing quercetin proteins. an a quercetin under In paraquat, under ROS that proliferation perception. of thaliana observed cell cytokinin they amount of on It (2016), lesser limitations Smalle depend a phase. high and might elongation Shull, faces it cell Kurepa, root 2016); the by of Fernie, enhancing region & and (Tohge meristematic proliferation treatment the cell that limiting 2015). assumed by al., is growth et (Franco root parenchyma of lignification modulates thickening the Quercetin wall it increasing cell while by the Kender, growth layer improved (Yuan, root also cell inhibits oranges application cortical quercetin in Quercetin and of loosening supplementation formation. fruit that acid root in clarify the ascorbic lateral studies enhanced enhanced promote spermidine) Experimental quercetin-mediated could (especially the 2003). 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N yaeihbto,idctn htflvnissprs h ueciigo N ycmeigwith competing by DNA of supercoiling the suppress flavonoid-mediated of flavonoids way that another suggest indicating studies inhibition, docking Molecular gyrase groups. much-repressed methoxy DNA chrysin the and than pocket kaempferol gyrase ATP-binding like with the flavonoids, of in related blockage activity quercetin-based other gyrase reported the (2013) Similarly, Xu the residues D-alanine-D-alanine. and acids blocked of Pan, amino subsequently He, to and Zang, groups Wu, gyrase 7-OH Moreover, of and 5, further B Kr´oliczewski, 3’, 2018). was subunit & through (G´orniak, to study Bartoszewski, bond gyrase binds This hydrogen of a quercetin 2013). developing that Santhosh, by clear & pocket ATP-binding bacteria became Shanmugam, it (Suriyanarayanan, of when target gyrase supported quercetin gy- DNA the DNA of the be subunit investigated might 1993) antibacterial B developing Barrett, the for & target Fu, in that essential Schwender, smart activity is a (Ohemeng, quercetin’s gyrase Initially, it inhibiting DNA making 2003). rase Enzyme prokaryotes; al., gyrase. to et DNA limited inhi- (Plaper is e.g., Quercetin drugs this enzymes, plants. and repressing in replication, by 2007). elucidated DNA acids well Hou, for nucleic are & of Fujii, activities synthesis (Tanigawa, antimicrobial the Fe quercetin’s bits to ability product, Fe(III) scavenging secondary reduce Jiang, a hypochlorite to Chen, Being potential its Fu, its (Sun, slows property and also quenching 2010), superoxide Pan, quercetin Kumar, 2004), & Priyadarsini, of Saso, Mishra, & Glycosylation 2010; Marrosu, Mladˆenka, 2003). al., Petrucci, (Firuzi, et Mohan, its (Cavia-Saiz reduces property & antioxidant and and Unnikrishnan, glycosylated vitro glutathione aglycons, process in by to reduced eradicated oxidation Compared While have is 1999). flavonoids an Dickancait´e, 2014). which Segura-Aguilar, Cenas, & thiols, the undergoes Jaiswal, This Abdullah, generate protein (Metodiewa, and quercetin studies. with & level oxidation interacts another binding, different (Alrawaiq face Quinone further by metal quinone. radicals radicals approved semiquinone quercetin transition free These been radical. and semiquinone its has the quercetin’s radicals scavenging produces For and stability. free by partner flavonoid-radical the peroxidation the best quenching et upgrading lipid its (Arora in slows is group believe Enhanced catechol-group 3-OH does compound free 1997). that the its towards 1988) Bast, action, to potent Das, & chelating due more & The Korthouwer, damage Ratty times Paquay, times. oxidative 1998; ten (Haenen, metal/non-metal-induced ancient al., are the scavenger from 3’,4’-catechol avoid RNS analyzed and levels well-known 3-OH been quercetin ROS the with a has off Flavonoids quenching peroxynitrite, cell cells. in the the helps the and of by property antioxidant generated compound an antioxidant impairs species develop an & quercetin of Shitan, as structure Sugiyama, quercetin specialized 2008; of al., et role (Badri The plants are of development they and when metal growth 2007). of compounds optimum Yazaki, liberation nutritional the the taking ensure for present frequently also Christensen, needed soil They is & cations transporter. enriching that Mockaitis, cassette-type ATP-binding for (DeLong, 2007) using Murphy, kinase known accessible inadequately & protein are Peer particular flavonoids structure Ann a Furthermore, flavonoid (Wendy imparting 2002). Moreover, auxin phosphorylation ring of reverse C3-OH. to by system moiety additional place transport catechol the the attached with modulating the still by of Cu Fe enhanced as more on groups is (such rely and -OH effect that cations of bond, This metal location C2=C3 2014). capacity and chelated al., double The presence with et the 2011). the (Mierziak Tattini, with UV-radiation at rings & coupled in B Ferrini, B- directly Ferdinando, participate was and Di radicals A- 3-O-glycosides, Brunetti, free in quercetin scavenging Fini, and in 2012; flavonoids al., 7-O of et luteolin (Agati 2014). like ROS Lam, protein flavonoids, stimulated & both serviceable that (Chan ring suggests a function B alleviation protective for stress Dihydroxy similar mediated codes phenolic a quercetin gene perform considered The from stress. GSTL GmGSTL1 is power-driven abiotic and GSTL1 antioxidative that by quercetin Hence, generated the notion ROS 2010). maintaining the the Edwards, hunts and supports & that recycling data (Dixon between GSTL Experimental enzyme bond compounds. for missing substrate possible a a as recycled is which 2+ .coli E. n Fe and 3+ ti ocue httehdoy ru fflvnispri etrconnection better a permit flavonoids of group hydroxyl the that concluded is It . Aoa ar tabr,19) lvnisfrhripr nipratrole important an impart further Flavonoids 1998). Strasburg, & Nair, (Arora, shrci coli Escherichia 2+ Fe , 2+ yoatru tuberculosis Mycobacterium Al , 10 3+ ute eerhbsdo nslc nlssrevealed analysis in-silico on based research Further . n Zn and , 2+ ol eitteprxdto flipids of peroxidation the resist could ) and yoatru smegmatis Mycobacterium Posted on Authorea 11 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161306959.99455794/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. be-aef . ouz . ohr .(02.Terl fflvnisi h salsmn fpatroots plant of establishment the in in flavonoids bacteria. components Frankia of and role signaling rhizobia 7 The fungi, (2012). mycorrhiza Early V. arbuscular Hocher, with (2001). & endosymbioses oxide. D., B. nitric Bogusz, and K., Thomas, Abdel-Lateif, species & oxygen reactive B., different Jordan, for 489 roles F., Distinct C. responses: ultraviolet-B John, S., that A.-H.-Mackerness, interaction paper. personal this or in interests reported financial work References contending the known manipulate to no have appeared have they might that announce authors cited been The not have interest works competing previous of whose intellectual Declaration authors precious and the revision to limitations. significant apologize AB: space We SH, to article; acceptation. due the final of drafting authors: YA: all PS, article; input; the of idea in an involved SH: mechanisms the of quercetin understanding and contributions between better Authors’ molecular, cross-talk practices. a agricultural the metabolic, to sustainable as contribute identify and well would improvement accurately work as crop stressful Such more tolerance, and hormones. stress healthy to plant environmental a and directed under in involved responses be physio-biochemical regulators should plant signaling in Nevertheless, research quercetin rays. further of UV plants. role environment, harmful in remarkable against function the diverse shield tole- to a a Due stress with providing environmental flavonoid is confer potent ROS flavonoids a to of of is functions concentration role quercetin physiological remarkable balanced plant several most the several maintaining augmenting The triggering in rance. and and in role healthy peroxidation under role significant lipid traits a critical and yield plays and a Quercetin photosynthesis, and plays growth, environment. review. antioxidant germination, also stressful (i.e., this under- seed plants quercetin as better of in such this, functions a attributes part from physiological providing major significant several Apart reviewed, play a also compounds). quercetin, cover is at antimicrobial especially plants signaling flavonoids, regulation how in ABA-mediated their of pathways and show standing IAA transduction biosynthesis better detailed flavonoid signal a recent on Thus, Furthermore, gives is reports level. review their It recent including This molecular Interestingly, compound. quercetin, plants. the plants. enigmatic especially in flavonoids, in an to compound as sources related multifaceted features regarded potential characteristic a still key is several is remarkable quercetin of a it understanding plays that However, that apparent functions. structure flavon highly plant the becoming numerous upon built facilitating flavonoid in bioactive of role class particular the related flavonoids. is its reputation Quercetin and prospective quercetin’s enhanced quercetin future has of and enzymes impact Conclusions related The 8. synthesis 2007). RNA Hinrichs, and & and DNA Koepsell, 1990) and on Barre-Sinoussi, Larson, DnaB compounds & Blood, and as Chermann, Fukushima, (Griep, such Xu Nakane, activity. telomerase helicases, (Ono, transcriptases helicase the the the inhibits the as – well block DNA as compound to for polymerases, quercetin-related propsed necessary in a been the are – helicase/nuclease, interacting have myricetin to topoisomerases RecBCD capacity flavonols for that Both due also binding flavonoids. dynamic found acid for but be (2001) highly targets nucleic Lee gyrases (Plaper might molecular are a are only cleavage This flavonoids have enzymes Not flavones these DNA of 2016). that and 2016). groups induces noted al., have al., 4-carbonyl and studies et et Recent and (Fang complex (Fang replication. 7-OH, (GyrB) residues DNA-gyrase 5-OH, gyrase GyrB the 3-OH, with of forms 2003). subunit which al., B DNA, et the with of binding site flavonoid binding ATP the 6,6661 https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.20039 636-641. (6), 23,2722 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02103-2 237-242. (2-3), .coli E. h aeflvnlhsbe rpsdt upesRAadDNA and RNA suppress to proposed been has flavonol same The . 11 ln inln Behavior, & Signaling Plant ESLetters, FEBS Posted on Authorea 11 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161306959.99455794/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. ehod . ihr,O,Zmoi . apr . ese,M,Pgo,B,...Mlieu,P .(2008). M. P. Mullineaux, . . . in B., expression gene Pogson, light-responsive M., high on Geisler, ROS C., extracellular-sourced and Gapper, chloroplastic- A., of Zamboni, Impact and O., TT8, Richard, TT2, U., in Bechtold, biosynthesis (2004). proanthocyanidin L. and and Lepiniec, metabolites & BANYULS B., of secondary Weisshaar, expression thaliana of M., the Caboche, Role specify B., synergistically Dubreucq, TTG1 (2012). A., M. S. Heim, Arora, A., Baudry, & stresses. K., environmental https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-012-9272-x S. of against 216-232. Guru, exudates defense (1), P., plant root Lohani, in the R., brassinosteroids in Mall, metabolites A., secondary Vivanco, Bartwal, of . . . profile D., mutants. Santelia, Altered transporter M., Jasinski, cassette C., (2008). De-la-Pena, D., M. C. Broeckling, J. M., V. system. Loyola-Vargas, V., liposomal D. Badri, activities a antioxidant for in relationships flavonoids Structure-activity Quantitative of (1998). (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5849(97)00458-9 M. R. series G. A. Strasburg, a Fernie, & of G., . of M. . . Nair, regulation A., differential L., Arora, and R. flavonols Last, seed-specific J., tomato. reveals Vallarino, in metabolites content S., seed-specialized glycoalkaloid Osorio, of anti- Z., analysis and loci Liu, bioactivity trait I., Metabolism, Ofner, quercetin: flavonoid S., of Alseekh, review A (2014). A. properties. 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(3), > 3.0.co;2-r ln Physiology, Plant ora fthe of Journal Phytotherapy Posted on Authorea 11 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161306959.99455794/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 22 Posted on Authorea 11 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161306959.99455794/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 23 Posted on Authorea 11 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161306959.99455794/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 24