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EARLY MISSIONS the First Phases of the Desert War in North Africa

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EARLY MISSIONS the First Phases of the Desert War in North Africa Contents Dedication 11 Acknowledgements 12 Foreword by Dr. Rudolph Kuper 15 Introduction by the authors 19 PART 1: EARLY MISSIONS 25 The first phases of the Desert War in North Africa 27 Italian attack and defeat 27 German involvement and a new advance 28 The interception and deciphering of coded German W/T messages 29 Secret missions of the Abwehr in North Africa 31 Early presence of the German Abwehr in North Africa 31 Meetings in Budapest and Vienna 32 Mil.-Geo. and Almasy's involvement 33 Aufklarungskommando Nordostafrika or Sonderkommando Ritter 35 The first clandestine flight to Egypt 40 Night flight 43 Plan el-Masri 46 Operation Kondor 50 PART 2: OPERATION SALAM 57 The Desert Campaign in late 1941/early 1942 59 Operation Crusader and the Axis withdrawal to el-Agheila 59 Rommel attacks 61 Prelude to Operation Salam 64 March 1941, evaluations 64 July to October 1941, Almasy on sick leave 66 10 November 1941, planning and preparations in Germany 67 14 November 1941, a telegram 68 Preparations 69 24 January 1942, Almasy returns to Libya 69 29 January 1942, Bengasi taken 70 30 January 1942, journey to Bengasi 72 7 February 1942, completion of preparations in Germany 75 28 February 1942, the group arrives in Tripoli 76 1 March 1942, preparations in Tripoli 79 12 March 1942, testing the wireless telegraphy equipment 80 18 March 1942, to HQ Panzerarmee Afrika and obtaining the trucks 83 5 April 1.942, air attack on Gialo 87 6 April 1942, prisoners of war 89 10 April 1942, Admiral Canaris in Tripoli, further preparations 91 25 April 1942, at the headquarters again 94 27 April 1942, the first loss for Almasy's mission 94 http://d-nb.info/1029122458 Vehicles & equipment 96 Ford "De Luxe" C11ADF 96 Ford CMP F8 Flitzer 97 Navigation and communication 99 Weapons and equipment 101 Finally: Operation Salam begins! 103 29 April 1942, start from Tripoli 103 30 April 1942, el-Agheila 106 3 May 1942, from Agedabia to Gialo 111 Gialo Oasis 117 3-9May 1942, the tragedy of the 15th Squadron SAAF Blenheims 121 4 May 1942, first reconnaissance flight 127 5 May 1942, due southeast 133 8 May 1942, return to Gialo 136 9 May 1942, water from Bir Buttafal and a second reconnaissance flight 138 From Gialo to Assiut 141 12 May 1942, new start 141 Map overview 148 13 May 1942, impassable dunes, crisis and a decision 148 14 May 1942, out of the dunes 150 15 May 1942, a new route 152 16 May 1942, bypassing Kufra 155 The Kufra oases 158 17 May 1942, into Egypt 161 Gilf Kebir &c Wadi Sora - the "Cave of Swimmers" 165 18 May 1942, unexpected supplies 168 19 May 1942, where is the Aqaba Pass? 173 20 May 1942, Gilf Kebir 176 21 May 1942, due east 180 22 May 1942, within reach of the objective 183 Kharga Oasis and Assiut 185 23 May 1942, to Assiut, dropping the spies 188 Return to Gialo 193 24 May 1942, Kharga again 193 25 May 1942, back through the Gilf Kebir 197 26 May 1942, enemy convoys! 201 The Sudan Defence Force and the Kufra Convoys 209 27 May 1942, reaching "Dump II" 215 Great Sand Sea 217 28 May 1942, in the dunes again 219 29 May 1942, reaching Gialo 223 29 May 1942, bad luck for SCHILDKROETE 225 30 May 1942, recovery of the vehicles 226 2 June 1942, back to Tripoli and new orders 228 PART 3: THE AFTERMATH 231 British Countermeasures: Operation Claptrap 233 Intercepted messages 233 25 May 1942; alert and reaction 234 13 June 1942, traces of the enemy 236 23 June 1942, more enemy patrols? 237 LRDG - Long Range Desert Group, the sting of the scorpion 238 Almasy's departure from North Africa 244 Before 8 June 1942, meeting Hans Rhotert 244 11 or 12 June 1942, joining HQ Panzerarmee 244 July 1942, return to Europe and meeting with Patrick A. Clayton 249 The spy-mission: Operation Kondor 253 23 May 1942, Operation Kondor begins 253 2 June 1942, SCHILDKROETE does not answer 254 June 1942, Rommel's spies in Cairo 254 18 June 1942, the interrogation of Aberle and Weber 256 21 June 1942, Tobruk taken by the Axis, first difficulties 256 12 July 1942, meeting Victor Hauer and a new W/T set 259 18 July 1942, seeking escape and a kidnapping 261 23 July 1942, meeting with el-Masri Pasha 263 25 July 1942, the capture of the German spies 264 29 July 1942, interrogation of the spies and the other arrestees 265 8 August 1942, the prisoners meet again 266 12 August 1942, measures in Egypt 268 December 1942, a new agreement for the two spies 268 February 1946, return to Germany 269 Further Abwehr missions in Libya 271 Operations of Regiment z.bV. 800 Brandenburg in North Africa 271 Germans in the Sahara - Sonderkommando Dora 273 The mysterious Unternehmen Dora 275 Epilogue - summary and conclusions 276 Operation Salam - a useless success 276 Operation Kondor - a complete failure 277 APPENDIX 1: PERSONS, NOTES & EXPLANATIONS 279 Detailed biographies 281 Laszlo Ede Almasy 281 Nikolaus Ritter 283 Hans-Willi Eppler 284 Hans-Gerd Sandstede 286 Hans von Steffens 287 Other persons of interest 290 Franz Seubert 290 Other members of Operation Salam and their functions 290 Persons related to Operation Kondor and their functions 292 Other persons of interest 293 Notes & explanations 297 Identification of persons and vehicles on Photographs 297 W/T callsigns 297 Distance units, place names and German military ranks 299 General setup of the Abwehr 300 Regiment z.b.V.800 Brandenburg 302 Heeresplankammer - topographical section of the army 303 The Italian maps - were they really wrong? 304 The forged British pounds 308 Eppler's Agentenvertrag with the Abwehr 308 Where is "Purzel"? 309 The Allies of World War II 312 APPENDIX 2: PRIMARY ORIGINAL SOURCES 315 Almasy, Laszlo Ede: Operation Salam - diary 15 to 29 May 1942 317 Sandstede, Hans-Gerd: Unpublished Memoirs 335 Transcripts of intercepted W/T messages 349 ISOS transcripts 351 ISK transcripts 389 APPENDIX 3: REVIEWS, BIBLIOGRAPHY, AND OTHER SOURCES 393 Review of publications on Operation Salam/Kondor 395 Bibliography 400 Archives 403 Photographs 405 Maps and sketches used in the book 405 Related movies and documentaries 406 GLOSSARY 407 .
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