Sudan: Complexity, Conflict and Co-Operation
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Humanitarian Situation Report No. 19 Q3 2020 Highlights
Sudan Humanitarian Situation Report No. 19 Q3 2020 UNICEF and partners assess damage to communities in southern Khartoum. Sudan was significantly affected by heavy flooding this summer, destroying many homes and displacing families. @RESPECTMEDIA PlPl Reporting Period: July-September 2020 Highlights Situation in Numbers • Flash floods in several states and heavy rains in upriver countries caused the White and Blue Nile rivers to overflow, damaging households and in- 5.39 million frastructure. Almost 850,000 people have been directly affected and children in need of could be multiplied ten-fold as water and mosquito borne diseases devel- humanitarian assistance op as flood waters recede. 9.3 million • All educational institutions have remained closed since March due to people in need COVID-19 and term realignments and are now due to open again on the 22 November. 1 million • Peace talks between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan Revolu- internally displaced children tionary Front concluded following an agreement in Juba signed on 3 Oc- tober. This has consolidated humanitarian access to the majority of the 1.8 million Jebel Mara region at the heart of Darfur. internally displaced people 379,355 South Sudanese child refugees 729,530 South Sudanese refugees (Sudan HNO 2020) UNICEF Appeal 2020 US $147.1 million Funding Status (in US$) Funds Fundi received, ng $60M gap, $70M Carry- forward, $17M *This table shows % progress towards key targets as well as % funding available for each sector. Funding available includes funds received in the current year and carry-over from the previous year. 1 Funding Overview and Partnerships UNICEF’s 2020 Humanitarian Action for Children (HAC) appeal for Sudan requires US$147.11 million to address the new and protracted needs of the afflicted population. -
The Sudan Flood Impact Rapid Assessment
The Sudan 2020 Flood impact rapid assessment September 2020 A joint assessment with the Government of the Sudan The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on the map(s) in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. Dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. Cover photo: ©FAO The Sudan 2020 Flood impact rapid assessment September 2020 A joint assessment with the Government of the Sudan Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2020 Assessment highlights • Torrential rains and floods combined with the historical overflow of the River Nile and its tributaries caused devastating damages to agriculture and livestock across the Sudan. In the rainfed agriculture sector, around 2 216 322 ha of the planted area was flooded, representing 26.8 percent of cultivated areas in the 15 assessed states. • The production loss due to the crop damage by floods is estimated at 1 044 942 tonnes in the rainfed areas. Sorghum – which is the main staple food in the country – constitutes about 50 percent of the damaged crops, followed by sesame at about 25 percent, then groundnut, millet and vegetables. • The extent of the damage to planted areas in the irrigated sector is estimated at 103 320 ha, which constitutes about 19.4 percent of the total cultivated area. The production loss is under estimation. -
SUDAN Republic of the Sudan (Jumhuriyat As-Sudan)
SUDAN Republic of the Sudan (Jumhuriyat as-Sudan) Flag Description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side. Background: Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since in- dependence from the UK in 1956. Sudan was embroiled in two prolonged civil wars during most of the remainder of the 20th century. These conflicts were rooted in north- ern economic, political, and social domination of largely non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese. The first civil war ended in 1972 but broke out again in 1983. The sec- ond war and famine-related effects resulted in more than 4 million people displaced and, according to rebel esti- mates, more than 2 million deaths. The final North/South Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), signed in Janu- ary 2005, granted the southern rebels autonomy for six years. After which, a referendum is scheduled to be held. A separate conflict, broke out in the western region of Darfur in 2003 with an estimated 200,000 to 400,000 deaths. As of late 2006, peacekeeping troops were strug- gling to stabilize the situation, which has brought insta- bility to eastern Chad, and Sudanese incursions into the Central African Republic. Geography: Location, Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea. Area: 2,505,810 sq km., slightly more than one-quarter the size of the US. Land boundaries: total: 7,687 km. Border countries: Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 628 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 1,606 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km. -
Sheikhs, Tombs, Pilgrimages: a Particular View of Sudan
5. Sheikhs, Saints, & Baraka: Sufi Healing and Social Construction in Central Sudan Sheikh Abdullah of Taiba receives visitors Meroitic pyramids north of Khartoum on the Nile show influences of Egyptian religion and architecture Sufi Orders in Sudan Khatmiyya Qadiriyya Sammaniyya Tijaniyya Khalwa (Islamic School) Reinhild Janzen, Abu Baker Malik, and Sheikh Siliman’s dervish in Riyad district of Khartoum Sheikh Abdullah explains his work. Abu Baker Malik translates, until the sheikh decides to use his very good English directly with the visiting American academic. Visible behind the Sheikh are photographs of figures of his ancestry and sources of his spiritual power, his baraka; his father, grand-father, and distinguished Sufi teachers and healers of the past inspire his work. Every year for ten days, during the Maulid, the birthday of the prophet Mohammed, the illuminated tomb of the Mahdi is visible from the square adjoining it. Thousands of people gather to celebrate and pray. More than 50 tents surround the vast square, each one is the site of a Sheikh with his following. Here Sheikh Hassan and his followers gather to pray every evening during the Maulid. Riyadh maseed Sheikh Mahmoud’s maseed in Khartoum North —mosque, school, clinic, kitchen, meeting rooms-- is surrounded by a vast cemetery. Maseed of Sheikh Mohmed Khier Sheikh Mahmoud’s maseed complex includes a clinic or hospital where these boys— perhaps his students—recover from injuries and infections. Maseed of Taiba The maseed of the sheikh usually includes a school. Here students reading from the Koran verses they have transcribed on wooden tablets and books. -
Sudan, Country Information
Sudan, Country Information SUDAN ASSESSMENT April 2003 Country Information and Policy Unit I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT II GEOGRAPHY III HISTORY IV STATE STRUCTURES V HUMAN RIGHTS HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES HUMAN RIGHTS - SPECIFIC GROUPS ANNEX A - CHRONOLOGY ANNEX B - LIST OF MAIN POLITICAL PARTIES ANNEX C - GLOSSARY ANNEX D - THE POPULAR DEFENCE FORCES ACT 1989 ANNEX E - THE NATIONAL SERVICE ACT 1992 ANNEX F - LIST OF THE MAIN ETHNIC GROUPS OF SUDAN ANNEX G - REFERENCES TO SOURCE DOCUMENTS 1. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 This assessment has been produced by the Country Information and Policy Unit, Immigration and Nationality Directorate, Home Office, from information obtained from a wide variety of recognised sources. The document does not contain any Home Office opinion or policy. 1.2 The assessment has been prepared for background purposes for those involved in the asylum/human rights determination process. The information it contains is not exhaustive. It concentrates on the issues most commonly raised in asylum/human rights claims made in the United Kingdom. 1.3 The assessment is sourced throughout. It is intended to be used by caseworkers as a signpost to the source material, which has been made available to them. The vast majority of the source material is readily available in the public domain. These sources have been checked for accuracy, and as far as can be ascertained, remained relevant and up-to-date at the time the document was issued. 1.4 It is intended to revise the assessment on a six-monthly basis while the country remains within the top 35 asylum-seeker producing countries in the United Kingdom. -
Sudan Assessment
SUDAN ASSESSMENT April 2000 Country Information and Policy Unit CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION 1.1 - 1.5 II GEOGRAPHY 2.1 III HISTORY 3.1 - 3.7 The Economy 3.8 - 3.10 IV INSTRUMENTS OF THE STATE Political System 4.1 - 4.12 The Judiciary 4.13 - 4.21 The Security Forces 4.22 - 4.24 V HUMAN RIGHTS A Introduction A.1 - A.4 B General Assessment B.1 - B.5 Prison Conditions B.6 Use of Excessive Force and Violations of Humanitarian Law in B.7 - B.9 Internal Conflicts C Specific Groups Opposition Members C.1 - C.4 Religious Groups C.5 Christians C.6 - C.8 Islamic Sects C.9 - C.13 Ethnicity C.14 - C.18 Women C.19 - C.22 Children C.23 - C.26 Students C.27 - C.30 Conscripts C.31 - C.35 1 D Other Issues Civil War D.1 - D.17 Ceasefire/Peace Negotiations D.18 - D.24 Freedom of Political Association D.25 - D.31 Freedom of Assembly D.32 - D.35 Freedom of Speech and of the Press D.36 - D.45 Freedom of Religion D.46 - D.51 Freedom to Travel/Internal Flight D.52 - D.57 National Service and Popular Defence Forces D.58 - D.62 VI GENERAL ISSUES Foreign Relations 5.1 - 5.16 Attacks on US embassies and US Retaliation 5.17 - 5.23 Bombings 5.24 - 5.26 Assassination Attempts 5.27 Health 5.28 - 5.33 Slavery 5.34 - 5.35 Punishments 5.36 - 5.41 Elections 5.42 - 5.46 Miscellaneous 5.47 - 5.58 VII ANNEXES A MAJOR POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS Pages 45 - 47 B SPLA FACTIONS Pages 48 - 49 C PROMINENT PEOPLE PAST AND PRESENT Pages 50 - 51 D CHRONOLOGY Pages 52 - 67 E BIBLIOGRAPHY Pages 68 - 75 I. -
Urban Architecture for Sustaining Local Identity of Cultural Landscapes: a Study of Water Front Development in Khartoum, Sudan
International Journal of Development and Sustainability Online ISSN: 2168-8662 – www.isdsnet.com/ijds Volume 4 Number 1 (2015): Pages 29-59 ISDS Article ID: IJDS14072701 Urban architecture for sustaining local identity of cultural landscapes: A study of water front development in Khartoum, Sudan Mohammad H. Refaat * Landscape Architecture Professor, Department of Urban Design Faculty of Urban & Regional Planning, Cairo University, Egypt Abstract Landscape is an indicator of common heritage as a combination of natural and cultural heritage. The of Landscape Architecture profession hosts several levels of intervention, starting from the planning level, the designing level, land suitability and water resources. This is done by applying scientific methods such as, ecological, economical, and social processes. Landscape is important as it provides the setting for our everyday lives. It is not only defined as a place of special interest nor does it refer solely to the countryside. It is the result of how people have interacted with the natural, social and cultural components of their environment and how they then perceive these. In recent years the land uses within the cities have been changing rapidly due to the various development pressures, and the tendency towards replacing all open spaces, public activities, and recreation areas to commercial and industrial uses has been enormous. The main objective of this research is to introduce an urban landscape design approach in dealing with cities waterfronts as a tool to enhance the overall sustainable the cultural landscape local identity within the urban structure of the city, taking the city of Khartoum, Sudan as a case study. -
Refugees from South Sudan As of 31 March 2020
SUDAN: KHARTOUM POPULATION DASHBOARD Refugees from South Sudan as of 31 March 2020 Total number of refugees¹ 283,895 BY DATA SOURCE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION UNHCR/COR² registered refugees 84,711 IPP³ registered and/or unregistered 199,184 Total arrivals in 2020 - Total arrivals in March 2020 - 1 Government sources estimate the number of South Sudanese refugees in Sudan to be higher; however, data requires verification. Biometric registration (30%) Out-of-camp registered with UNHCR/COR (30%) 2 Commission for Refugees IPP Registered & Unregistered (70%) Out-of-camp - IPP registered & unregistered (70%) 3 Immigration and Passport Police AGE-GENDER BREAKDOWN⁴ SCHOOL- AGED REPRODUCTIVE- HOUSEHOLD CHILDREN (6-17 YRS)⁴ AGED WOMEN/GIRLS DISTRIBUTION⁴ (13-49 YRS)⁴ Age (years) Male Female 0-4 6% -20 6% 20 5-11 10% 10% 19% 33% 28% 12-17 7% 8% 18-59 23% 25% 60+ 3% 3% Primary ‘6-13 yrs’ (23%) Women-headed (19%) 4 Population distribution statistics are based on biometrically registered individuals only Secondary ‘14-17 yrs’ (10%) 101 Karari 7,850 Khartoum North 717 Umm Badda Nivasha 2,745 AL-Takamol 12,173 John Madit 191 Hy Baraka Block 3 Hy Baraka Block 4 7,251 EGYPT 58 Angola 3,454 1,164 LIBYA Red Sea 508 Red Sea 82 Northern 4,738 Sharq El Nile 1,920 19,105 River Nile Khartoum CHAD North Darfur 7606 Khartoum Kassala SUDAN 122 North Kordofan El Gazira 2,895 603 Gedaref West Darfur White Nile Sennar 63 Central Darfur West Kordofan KHARTOUM South Kordofan Blue Nile South Darfur East Darfur ETHIOPIA 3,054 14,126 SOUTH SUDAN 2,586 Um Durman 1,422 6,468 12,375 Jabal Aulia NORTHERN NORTH KORDOFAN 9,676 NILE 2,885 Umm Badda 1,558 Al GEZIRA Karari Khartoum North Bantiu Legend KHARTOUM Sharq El Nile 12,270 Khartoum UNHCR Oce Um Durman Jabal Aulia Open Areas GEDAREF Dar El Selam 8 Dar El Selam 7 Undetermined boundary 1,696 3,464 Al GEZIRA State boundary WHITE NILE Locality boundary 5km The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply ocial endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. -
Studies in Military and Strategic History
Studies in Military and Strategic History General Editor: Michael Dockrill, Professor of Diplomatic History, King’s College, London Published titles include: Nigel John Ashton EISENHOWER, MACMILLAN AND THE PROBLEM OF NASSER Anglo-American Relations and Arab Nationalism, 1955–59 Christopher M. Bell THE ROYAL NAVY, SEAPOWER AND STRATEGY BETWEEN THE WARS Peter Bell CHAMBERLAIN, GERMANY AND JAPAN, 1933–34 G. H. Bennett BRITISH FOREIGN POLICY DURING THE CURZON PERIOD, 1919–24 David A. Charters THE BRITISH ARMY AND JEWISH INSURGENCY IN PALESTINE, 1945–47 David Clayton IMPERIALISM REVISITED Political and Economic Relations between Britain and China, 1950–54 Michael J. Cohen and Martin Kolinsky (editors) BRITAIN AND THE MIDDLE EAST IN THE 1930s Security Problems, 1935–39 Paul Cornish BRITISH MILITARY PLANNING FOR THE DEFENCE OF GERMANY, 1945–50 Michael Dockrill BRITISH ESTABLISHMENT PERSPECTIVES ON FRANCE, 1936–40 Robert Frazier ANGLO-AMERICAN RELATIONS WITH GREECE The Coming of the Cold War, 1942–47 John P. S. Gearson HAROLD MACMILLAN AND THE BERLIN WALL CRISIS, 1958–62 John Gooch ARMY, STATE AND SOCIETY IN ITALY, 1870–1915 G. A. H. Gordon BRITISH SEA POWER AND PROCUREMENT BETWEEN THE WARS A Reappraisal of Rearmament Raffi Gregorian THE BRITISH ARMY, THE GURKHAS AND COLD WAR STRATEGY IN THE FAR EAST, 1947–1954 Stephen Hartley THE IRISH QUESTION AS A PROBLEM IN BRITISH FOREIGN POLICY, 1914–18 Brian Holden Reid J. F. C. FULLER: Military Thinker Stewart Lone JAPAN’S FIRST MODERN WAR Army and Society in the Conflict with China, 1894–95 Thomas R. Mockaitis BRITISH COUNTERINSURGENCY, 1919–60 T. R. Moreman THE ARMY IN INDIA AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF FRONTIER WARFARE, 1849–1947 Kendrick Oliver KENNEDY, MACMILLAN AND THE NUCLEAR TEST-BAN DEBATE, 1961–63 Elspeth Y. -
Khartoum Urban Housing Profile
1. URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN KHARTOUM 1.1 Introduction It was during the British rule of Sudan (1898 - 1956) that the country experienced the first great changes in its socio-economic and political structures, with urban systems gradually replacing traditionalsettlements. In addition, the existing and new urban centres of Sudan have gone through a process of transformation as a result of urbanisation. The British colonial planning and design interventions, due to an extreme urbanisation, have made the greatest impact on this process. Khartoum, the primate city of Sudan and one of the famous colonial cities in Africa, has evolved from a traditional system of settlements into a pre-planned administrative and economic urban complex. In this process, its spatial and socio-cultural patterns have exhibited a wide range of evolutionary and revolutionary changes resulting fromincreasing powers of attraction and accommodation that Khartoum as a dominant urban centre offered. The present complex of Greater Khartoum comprises diversified cultural groups manifesting various socio-cultural and spatial patterns. 1.2 Geographical and Historical Background Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, is actually composed of three towns Khartoum, Khartoum North and Omdurman, thus it is called the triple capital. The city is located at longitude 32' 32 E and latitude 15' 36 N, and at an elevation of 1352 feet above sea level. The three towns are situated on the nearly flat alluvial plain of the Niles, with Khartoum on the left bank of the Blue Nile and Khartoum North on its right bank, while Omdurman is situated at the junction of the White and the Blue Nile rivers. -
Geographical and Hydrological Effects of Nubian Sandstone Formations on Ground Water in Khartoum State – Sudan
International Journal of Hydrology Research Article Open Access Geographical and hydrological effects of nubian sandstone formations on ground water in Khartoum State – Sudan Abstract Volume 4 Issue 6 - 2020 The research deals with the geographical and hydrological location of Khartoum state Mohammed Ahmed Hag Ali Alzubair within the scope of the Nubian sandstone extension, and the effects of this on groundwater. Physical geography, University of Khartoum, Sudan To achieve this, 9 samples were analyzed from the wells dug in Omdurman, Khartoum and Bahri to identify the structure and composition of layers and depths of water, in addition Correspondence: Mohammed Ahmed Hag Ali Alzubair, to 30 other samples for chemical analysis And the physical of some elements to know the Physical geography, University of Khartoum, Sudan, Al wide specifications of water and its suitability for human use. The research concluded with a Rood, Omdurman, Sudan, Tel 00249912040, P.O. Box 406, number of results, including that there is a difference in the components of the Nubian Email sandstone, as its percentage in Omdurman is 67%, the number of layers 10 and Khartoum 71% and the number of layers 16, and in Bahri 82% and the number of layers 21 and thus Received: September 27, 2020 | Published: November 06, it is higher than Omdurman and Khartoum. Water levels vary even within the region from 2020 one well to another in Omdurman, which is located at depths of 490, 690, and 800 feet, and in Bahri, it is located at depths of 530, 690, and 725 feet, and the hose is located at depths of 340, 505, and 585 feet. -
PJAK in NORTHERN IRAQ: TANGLED INTERESTS and PROXY WARS by Thomas Renard
VOLUME VI, ISSUE 10 MAY 15, 2008 IN THIS ISSUE: PJAK IN NORTHERN IRAQ: TANGLED INTERESTS AND PROXY WARS By Thomas Renard..........................................................................................1 DARFUR’S JEM REBELS BRING THE WAR TO KHARTOUM By Andrew McGregor.......................................................................................4 YEMEN’S THREE REBELLIONS By Brian O’Neill................................................................................................7 THE BENGALI TALIBAN: JAMAAT-UL-MUJAHIDEEN BANGLADESH By Wilson John...............................................................................................10 Terrorism Monitor is a publication of The Jamestown Foundation. PJAK in Northern Iraq: Tangled Interests and The Terrorism Monitor is designed to be read by policy- Proxy Wars makers and other specialists yet be accessible to the general By Thomas Renard public. The opinions expressed within are solely those of the he Kurdish area in northern Iraq has become one of the most complex authors and do not necessarily fronts in the war in Iraq, a place where Iranian, Turkish, Kurdish, Iraqi reflect those of The Jamestown Foundation. Tand American interests clash. An often perplexing role in the region’s conflicts is played by the Party for a Free Life in Kurdistan (PJAK), an Iranian Kurdish offshoot of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) that engages in frequent clashes with Iran’s Revolutionary Guards. PJAK claims its aims “are to unite the Kurdish and Iranian opposition, to change the oppressive Islamic regime Unauthorized reproduction or redistribution of this or any in Iran and to establish a free democratic confederal system for the Kurds and Jamestown publication is strictly the Iranian peoples” (PJAK Press Release, May 7). Iran regularly accuses the prohibited by law. movement of being a U.S.-funded proxy, but recent PJAK claims that Turkey used U.S.