DOCSLIB.ORG

High-Resolution Ten-Micron Spectroscopy of Ammonia And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
High-Resolution Ten-Micron Spectroscopy of Ammonia And ICARUS 131, 317±333 (1998) ARTICLE NO. IS975868 High-Resolution 10-micronmeter Spectroscopy of Ammonia and Phosphine Lines on Jupiter Luisa-MarõÂa Lara1 and Bruno BeÂzard2 DeÂpartement de Recherche Spatiale, Observatoire de Paris (Section de Meudon), 92195 Meudon Principal Cedex, France E-mail: [email protected] Caitlin A. Grif®th2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011-6010 John H. Lacy2 Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-1083 and Tobias Owen Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Received April 2, 1997; revised November 6, 1997 latitudes 308±358S. This variation is not correlated with the 200-mbar temperature. It can be explained by a decrease of High spectral resolution measurements of NH3 and PH3 lines on Jupiter in the 10.5- to 11.2-mm range are presented. Observa- the eddy mixing coef®cient near 240 mbar from p4000 to #400 2 21 tions, recorded on January 21±23, 1991, cover the 108±408S cm sec between the two latitude ranges. The PH3 mixing 27 latitude range and several longitudes including the Great Red ratio near 580 mbar lies between 1.7 and 2.6 3 10 in the Spot (GRS). Information on the temperature in the upper tropo- observed regions. At all longitudes, PH3 varies smoothly with sphere was retrieved from the continuum radiance at wave- latitude, decreasing by p30% from 108 to 358S. This variation lengths around 12.8 and 17.8 mm. At all observed longitudes, may also re¯ect a decrease in the strength of the eddy mixing the 200-mbar temperature ®eld is minimum at latitudes of near 580 mbar or at deeper levels in the atmosphere. 1998 208±258S near the location of the South Tropical Zone, in Academic Press Key Words: Jupiter, atmosphere; atmospheres, composition; agreement with Voyager infrared retrievals. This minimum atmospheres, structure; infrared observations. temperature is lower over the GRS than at other longitudes. The ammonia mixing ratio at p380 mbar is not signi®cantly enhanced over the GRS. The phosphine abundance probed at 1. INTRODUCTION p580 mbar is also not enhanced (within a precision of 10%), suggesting that this molecule is not a precursor of the reddish The encounters of Pioneer 10 and 11 and of the Voyager chromophores. The NH3 abundance at 380 mbar varies highly with latitude and longitude, a possible consequence of the active 1 and 2 spacecrafts revealed a variety of colorful features jovian meteorology. At the resolution of our observations in Jupiter's atmosphere. Most noticeable is the Great Red Spot (GRS), a long-lived vigorous anticyclonic feature (p8000 km), the NH3 humidity at this altitude ranges between 15 and 100% throughout the available data set. Above the cloud characterized most of the time by a pronounced reddish tops, the NH3 mixing ratio in the 240-mbar region reaches a tint. The potential chromophores proposed to explain the maximum near 158±188S and decreases by a factor of p40 at dominant brownish coloration of the planet include phos- phorus, nitriles, and sulfur compounds. Prinn and Lewis (1975) calculated that phosphine (PH3), upwelled from 1 Also at Instituto de AstrofõÂsica de AndalucõÂa, Apdo. 3004, 18080 the deep atmosphere, can supply enough P to the upper Granada, Spain. 4 2 Visiting astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility which is oper- troposphere to cause the red coloration if the eddy diffu- 6 2 21 ated by the University of Hawaii under contract with the National Aero- sion coef®cient in this region is p 10 cm s . The possibil- nautics and Space Administration. ity that complex nitriles provide Jupiter's red chromophore 317 0019-1035/98 $25.00 Copyright 1998 by Academic Press All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. 318 LARA ET AL. may be tested with measurements of NH3 or of the simplest TABLE I nitrile HCN, supposed to be intermediates in the produc- Irshell Observations tion of these organic compounds (Woeller and Ponnamper- Resolution uma 1969). Sulfur compounds are unlikely to be the cause Wavenumber (FWHM) Longitude of the coloration, since their precursor, H2S, is scarce in (cm21) (cm21) (System II) the upper troposphere. Observations of the vertical distri- Temperature 560 0.06 0±408, 110±1408 bution of NH3 ,PH3, and HCN are thus very important, 8 8 8 not only as tests of the ®rst two hypotheses for Jupiter's red Clouds 781 0.11 0±40 , 110±140 , 310±360 NH3 lines 892.0 0.05 2258, 2408, 245±2908 coloration, but also because constraints on their vertical 915.7 0.10 1808, 2008 distributions could improve our understanding of the hori- 918.6 0.10 110±1408 zontal variations in the strength of the vertical transport. 921.3 0.10 30±1508 Grif®th et al. (1992) used Voyager infrared spectra to 923.6 0.10 30±508, 1108 PH3 lines 944.2 0.11 108, 30±508, 190±2408 compare the tropospheric abundances of NH3 and PH3 in 954.4 0.12 30±508, 1208 Jupiter's GRS to the composition of the surrounding South 974.0 0.13 220±2508 Tropical Zone (STZ). They investigated how the dynamics of the GRS might affect its chemical composition and pos- sibly explain its peculiar color. Surprisingly, they found that, above the 350-mbar region, NH3 was depleted over 2. OBSERVATIONS the GRS relative to the neighboring regions. The results Observations were conducted at the NASA/IRTF on on PH3 were also unexpected, as no signi®cant variation of its abundance was detected (within the error margin, the nights of January 21 and 23, 1991 UT. We used the i.e., 255 and 175%). These observations are at odds with Irshell spectrometer which included a 10 spatial 3 64 spec- the usual picture of rising motions in the cold zones causing tral element array (Lacy et al. 1989). The 10-arcsec long an increase in the concentration of gases which are affected slit was oriented along the planetocentric north±south di- 8 by condensation or by photodissociation such as ammonia rection and centered at a latitude of 22 S. Ten latitudes spanning 108 to 368S could be simultaneously observed at and phosphine. The depletion of NH might result from 3 a given longitude. The slit was opened to 2 arcsec, yielding some unidenti®ed chemical processes at work in the GRS. a resolving power of about 104. This represents an improve- In January 1991, B. BeÂzard, C. Grif®th, and J. Lacy ment by a factor of about 50 over the Voyager infrared conducted an observing program at the Infrared Telescope observations. The pixel spacing along the slit was 1 arcsec Facility (IRTF) devoted to mapping the chemical composi- and the resolution approximately 2 arcsec. We estimate tion of Jupiter at latitudes and longitudes around those of a pointing uncertainty of about 1 arcsec, similar to the the GRS, using 10-em high-resolution spectroscopy. The pixel spacing. goal was to investigate the chemistry and dynamics of the The full set of observations is summarized in Table I. GRS following the work of Grif®th et al. based on Voyager The continuum level in the 560.6 and 781.1 cm21 intervals spectra at a lower spectral resolution. Spectral regions con- was used to derive information on the temperature pro®le taining HCN lines were observed, after Woeller and Pon- in the upper troposphere. Spectra around 892.4, 916.1, namperuma's (1969) suggestion that hydrogen cyanide 918.9, 921.7, and 923.2 cm21 include lines of various might be responsible for the brownish coloration of the 14 strengths from NH3 which can be used to retrieve the jovian atmosphere and more speci®cally of the GRS. ammonia vertical pro®le in the upper troposphere (250± BeÂzard et al. (1995) did not ®nd evidence for hydrogen 600 mbar). Weak phosphine lines, present at 944.2, 954.4, cyanide absorption in excess of 2% of the continuum in and 974.0 cm21 provide information on the mixing ratio any of the regions investigated (between latitudes 108 and around 550 mbar. 368S, excluding the GRS). An upper limit on the deep We applied the procedures for ¯at ®elding, correction 28 tropospheric HCN mixing ratio of 1.0 3 10 was derived. of atmospheric opacity, and intensity calibration described The present study reports the analysis of the spectral in Lacy et al. (1989) and Achterman (1992) with some data for NH3 and PH3 recorded during this same run at adjustments in the data reduction (detailed in BeÂzard et al. the IRTF. In Section 2 we present the high±resolution 1995 as well as the data acquisition). Individual spectra measurements. Section 3 describes the radiative transfer were recorded with on±source integration times of 13 s at analysis of these data and the retrieved information on the 560.6 cm21,and9satother wavenumbers. The rms noise 21 22 temperature, and vertical pro®les of NH3 and PH3 in the equivalent spectral radiance (in units of erg s cm upper troposphere as a function of latitude and longitude. sr21/cm21) is about 0.008 at 560.6 cm21, 0.006 at 781.1 cm21, Results are discussed in Section 4 and a conclusion is pre- and 0.004 for wavenumbers at or longer than 883.0 cm21. sented in Section 5. Although the absolute radiance is estimated to be uncer- NH3 AND PH3 ON JUPITER 319 tain by p20%, past experience indicates that the relative this function overlaps with the region where the cloud calibration of the different rows in the detector array is model is set, detailed calculations show that the 560.6-cm21 better than 2%.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phosphine and Ammonia Photochemistry in Jupiter's
    40th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2009) 1201.pdf PHOSPHINE AND AMMONIA PHOTOCHEMISTRY IN JUPITER’S TROPOSPHERE. C. Visscher1, A. D. Sperier2, J. I. Moses1, and T.C. Keane3. 1Lunar and Planetary Institute, USRA, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058-1113 2Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, 3Department of Chemistry and Physics, The Sage Colleges, Troy, NY 12180, ([email protected], [email protected]) Introduction: The last comprehensive photo- tions involving the amino radical (NH2) play a larger chemical model for Jupiter’s troposphere was pre- role. We note that this is the first photochemical sented by Edgington et al. [1,2], based upon the work model to include P2H as an intermediate species in PH3 of Atreya et al. [3] and Kaye and Strobel [4-6]. Since photolysis. The equivalent N2Hx species are believed these early studies, numerous laboratory experiments to be important in the combustion chemistry of nitro- have led to an improvement in our understanding of gen compounds [15]. PH3, NH3-PH3, and NH3-C2H2 photochemistry [7-13]. Furthermore, recent Galileo, Cassini, and Earth-based observations have better defined the abundance of key atmospheric constituents as a function of altitude and latitude in Jupiter’s troposphere. These new results provide an opportunity to test and improve theoretical models of Jovian atmospheric chemistry. We have therefore developed a photochemical model for Jupi- ter’s troposphere considering the updated experimental and observational constraints. Using the Caltech/JPL KINETICS code [14] for our photochemical models, our basic approach is two- fold. The validity of our selected chemical reaction list is first tested by simulating the laboratory experiments of PH3, NH3-PH3, and NH3-C2H2 photolysis with pho- tochemical “box” models.
    [Show full text]
  • Ammonia As a Refrigerant
    1791 Tullie Circle, NE. Atlanta, Georgia 30329-2305, USA www.ashrae.org ASHRAE Position Document on Ammonia as a Refrigerant Approved by ASHRAE Board of Directors February 1, 2017 Expires February 1, 2020 ASHRAE S H A P I N G T O M O R R O W ’ S B U I L T E N V I R O N M E N T T O D A Y © 2017 ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE’s prior written permission. COMMITTEE ROSTER The ASHRAE Position Document on “Ammonia as a Refrigerant” was developed by the Society’s Refrigeration Committee. Position Document Committee formed on January 8, 2016 with Dave Rule as its chair. Dave Rule, Chair Georgi Kazachki IIAR Dayton Phoenix Group Alexandria, VA, USA Dayton, OH, USA Ray Cole Richard Royal Axiom Engineers, Inc. Walmart Monterey, CA, USA Bentonville, Arkansas, USA Dan Dettmers Greg Scrivener IRC, University of Wisconsin Cold Dynamics Madison, WI, USA Meadow Lake, SK, Canada Derek Hamilton Azane Inc. San Francisco, CA, USA Other contributors: M. Kent Anderson Caleb Nelson Consultant Azane, Inc. Bethesda, MD, USA Missoula, MT, USA Cognizant Committees The chairperson of Refrigerant Committee also served as ex-officio members: Karim Amrane REF Committee AHRI Bethesda, MD, USA i © 2017 ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE’s prior written permission. HISTORY of REVISION / REAFFIRMATION / WITHDRAWAL
    [Show full text]
  • Safer Cocktail for an Ethanol/Water/Ammonia Solvent
    L A S C P LSC in Practice C P O C L Safer Cocktail for an Ethanol/Water/ K T I A I C Ammonia Solvent Mixture L S A Problem T A laboratory had been under pressure to move towards Using this mixture, the sample uptake capacity of I the newer generation of safer liquid scintillation ULTIMA-Flo AP, ULTIMA-Flo M and ULTIMA Gold O cocktails. Unfortunately, the sample composition of LLT (PerkinElmer 6013599, 6013579 and 6013377, one of their targets kept giving the researchers problems. respectively) at 20 °C was determined and N Before the lead researcher contacted PerkinElmer, the results were: they had tried PerkinElmer’s Opti-Fluor®, ULTIMA ULTIMA-Flo AP 4.00 mL in 10 mL cocktail N Gold LLT, and ULTIMA Gold XR. All of the safer O ™ ULTIMA-Flo M 4.25 mL in 10 mL cocktail cocktails could incorporate each of the constituents T as indicated by their sample capacity graphs. ULTIMA Gold LLT 4.25 mL in 10 mL cocktail E The problematic sample was an extraction solvent From these results, we observed that it was possible consisting of 900 mL ethanol, 50 mL ammonium to get 4.0 mL of the sample into all of these cocktails. hydroxide, 500 mL water and an enzyme containing In addition, we determined that it was not possible to 14C. The mixture had a pH in the range of 10 to 11. get 4 mL sample into 7 mL of any of these cocktails. To complete this work, we also checked for lumines- Discussion cence using 4 mL of sample in 10 mL of each cocktail.
    [Show full text]
  • Improving the Efficiency of Ammonia Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production
    Improving The Efficiency Of Ammonia Electrolysis For Hydrogen Production A dissertation presented to the faculty of the Russ College of Engineering and Technology of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Ramasamy Palaniappan December 2013 © 2013 Ramasamy Palaniappan. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled Improving the Efficiency of Ammonia Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production by RAMASAMY PALANIAPPAN has been approved for the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and the Russ College of Engineering and Technology by Gerardine G. Botte Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Dennis Irwin Dean, Russ College of Engineering and Technology 3 ABSTRACT PALANIAPPAN, RAMASAMY, Ph.D., December 2013, Chemical Engineering Improving the Efficiency of Ammonia Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production Director of Dissertation: Gerardine G. Botte Given the abundance of ammonia in domestic and industrial wastes, ammonia electrolysis is a promising technology for remediation and distributed power generation in a clean and safe manner. Efficiency has been identified as one of the key issues that require improvement in order for the technology to enter the market phase. Therefore, this research was performed with the aim of improving the efficiency of hydrogen production by finding alternative materials for the cathode and electrolyte. 1. In the presence of ammonia the activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) followed the trend Rh>Pt>Ru>Ni. The addition of ammonia resulted in lower rates for HER for Pt, Ru, and Ni, which have been attributed to competition from the ammonia adsorption reaction. 2. The addition of ammonia offers insight into the role of metal-hydrogen underpotential deposition (M-Hupd) on HER kinetics.
    [Show full text]
  • Cellulosic Ethanol Production Via Aqueous Ammonia Soaking Pretreatment and Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Asli Isci Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2008 Cellulosic ethanol production via aqueous ammonia soaking pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation Asli Isci Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Agriculture Commons, and the Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Isci, Asli, "Cellulosic ethanol production via aqueous ammonia soaking pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation" (2008). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 15695. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/15695 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cellulosic ethanol production via aqueous ammonia soaking pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation by Asli Isci A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Co-majors: Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering; Biorenewable Resources and Technology Program of Study Committee: Robert P. Anex, Major Professor D. Raj Raman Anthony L. Pometto III. Kenneth J. Moore Robert C. Brown Iowa State University Ames, Iowa
    [Show full text]
  • Algorithmic Analysis of Chemical Dynamics of the Autoignition of NH3–H2O2/Air Mixtures
    energies Article Algorithmic Analysis of Chemical Dynamics of the Autoignition of NH3–H2O2/Air Mixtures Ahmed T. Khalil 1,2, Dimitris M. Manias 3, Efstathios-Al. Tingas 4, Dimitrios C. Kyritsis 1,2,* and Dimitris A. Goussis 1,2 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE; [email protected] (A.T.K.); [email protected] (D.A.G.) 2 Research and Innovation Center on CO2 and H2 (RICH), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE 3 Department of Mechanics, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 157 73 Athens, Greece; [email protected] 4 Perth College, University of the Highlands and Islands, (UHI), Perth PH1 2NX, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 8 September 2019; Accepted: 7 October 2019; Published: 21 November 2019 Abstract: The dynamics of a homogeneous adiabatic autoignition of an ammonia/air mixture at constant volume was studied, using the algorithmic tools of Computational Singular Perturbation. Since ammonia combustion is characterized by both unrealistically long ignition delays and elevated NOx emissions, the time frame of action of the modes that are responsible for ignition was analyzed by calculating the developing time scales throughout the process and by studying their possible relation to NOx emissions. The reactions that support or oppose the explosive time scale were identified, along with the variables that are related the most to the dynamics that drive the system to an explosion.
    [Show full text]
  • BENZENE Disclaimer
    United States Office of Air Quality EPA-454/R-98-011 Environmental Protection Planning And Standards June 1998 Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 AIR EPA LOCATING AND ESTIMATING AIR EMISSIONS FROM SOURCES OF BENZENE Disclaimer This report has been reviewed by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation of use. EPA-454/R-98-011 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page LIST OF TABLES.....................................................x LIST OF FIGURES.................................................. xvi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................xx 1.0 PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT .......................................... 1-1 2.0 OVERVIEW OF DOCUMENT CONTENTS.............................. 2-1 3.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ...................................... 3-1 3.1 NATURE OF POLLUTANT..................................... 3-1 3.2 OVERVIEW OF PRODUCTION AND USE ......................... 3-4 3.3 OVERVIEW OF EMISSIONS.................................... 3-8 4.0 EMISSIONS FROM BENZENE PRODUCTION ........................... 4-1 4.1 CATALYTIC REFORMING/SEPARATION PROCESS................ 4-7 4.1.1 Process Description for Catalytic Reforming/Separation........... 4-7 4.1.2 Benzene Emissions from Catalytic Reforming/Separation .......... 4-9 4.2 TOLUENE DEALKYLATION AND TOLUENE DISPROPORTIONATION PROCESS ............................ 4-11 4.2.1 Toluene Dealkylation
    [Show full text]
  • Gas-Phase Reactions of Si+ with Ammonia and The
    2396 J. Am. Chem. SOC.1988, 110, 2396-2399 Gas-Phase Reactions of Si+ with Ammonia and the Amines ( CH3)xNH3-x(x = 1-3): Possible Ion-Molecule Reaction Pathways toward SiH, SiCH, SiNH, SiCH3, SiNCH3, and H2SiNH S. Wlodek and D. K. Bohme* Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Experimental Space Science, York University, Downsview, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3. Received August 31, 1987 Abstract: Rate constants and product distributions have been determined for gas-phase reactions of ground-state Si'(2P) ions with ammonia and the amines (CH,),NH3-, (x = 1-3) at 296 f 2 K with the selected-ion flow tube technique. All reactions were observed to be fast and can be understood in terms of Si' insertion into N-H and C-N bonds to form ions of the type SiNRIR2' (Rl, R2 = H, CHJ proceeding in competition (in the case of the amines) with hydride ion transfer to form immonium ions of the type CH2NRIR2' (Rl, R2 = H, CH,). C-N bond insertion appears more efficient than N-H bond insertion. The contribution of hydride ion transfer increases with increasing stability of the immonium ion. The latter reaction leads directly to SiH as a neutral product. Other minor reaction channels were seen which lead directly or indirectly to SiCH and SiCH3. Rapid secondary proton transfer reactions were observed for SiNH2' and SiNHCH3+to produce gas-phase SiNH and SiNCH3 molecules. With methylamine SiNH2+also appears to produce H2SiNH2' which may deprotonate to form the simplest silanimine, H2SiNH, or aminosilylene, HSiNH,.
    [Show full text]
  • Ammonia/Ethanol Mixture for Adsorption Refrigeration
    energies Article Ammonia/Ethanol Mixture for Adsorption Refrigeration Mauro Luberti, Chiara Di Santis and Giulio Santori * School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, the University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, King0s Buildings, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK; [email protected] (M.L.); [email protected] (C.D.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 29 January 2020; Accepted: 19 February 2020; Published: 22 February 2020 Abstract: Adsorption refrigeration has become an attractive technology due to the capability to exploit low-grade thermal energy for cooling power generation and the use of environmentally friendly refrigerants. Traditionally, these systems work with pure fluids such as water, ethanol, methanol, and ammonia. Nevertheless, the operating conditions make their commercialization still unfeasible, especially owing to safety and cost issues as a consequence of the working pressures, which are higher or lower than 1 atm. The present work represents the first thermodynamic insight in the use of mixtures for adsorption refrigeration and aims to assess the performance of a binary system of ammonia and ethanol. According to the Gibbs’ phase rule, the addition of a component introduces an additional degree of freedom, which allows to adjust the pressure of the system varying the composition of the mixture. The refrigeration process was simulated with isothermal- isochoric flash calculations to solve the phase equilibria, described by the Peng-Robinson-Stryjek-Vera (PRSV) equation of state for the vapor and liquid phases and by the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) and the multicomponent potential theory of adsorption (MPTA) for the adsorbed phase.
    [Show full text]
  • MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Ammonia, 2M Solution in Methanol
    MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Ammonia, 2M solution in methanol Section 1 ­ Chemical Product and Company Identification MSDS Name: Ammonia, 2M solution in methanol Catalog Numbers: 36839­0000, 36839­1000, 36839­8000 Synonyms: Company Identification: Acros Organics BVBA Janssen Pharmaceuticalaan 3a 2440 Geel, Belgium Company Identification: (USA) Acros Organics One Reagent Lane Fair Lawn, NJ 07410 For information in the US, call: 800­ACROS­01 For information in Europe, call: +32 14 57 52 11 Emergency Number, Europe: +32 14 57 52 99 Emergency Number US: 201­796­7100 CHEMTREC Phone Number, US: 800­424­9300 CHEMTREC Phone Number, Europe: 703­527­3887 Section 2 ­ Composition, Information on Ingredients CAS# Chemical Name: % EINECS# Hazard Symbols: Risk Phrases: 67­56­1 Methyl alcohol 96% 200­659­6 F T 11 23/24/25 39/23/24/25 7664­41­7 Ammonia 4% 231­635­3 XN 10 20 36/37/38 Text for R­phrases: see Section 16 Hazard Symbols: T F Risk Phrases: 11 23/24/25 36/37/38 39/23/24/25 Section 3 ­ Hazards Identification EMERGENCY OVERVIEW Highly flammable. Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. Toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. Potential Health Effects Eye: Produces irritation, characterized by a burning sensation, redness, tearing, inflammation, and possible corneal injury. May cause painful sensitization to light. Skin: Causes moderate skin irritation. May be absorbed through the skin in harmful amounts. Prolonged and/or repeated contact may cause defatting of the skin and dermatitis.
    [Show full text]
  • Decarbonization of Industrial Sectors: the Next Frontier
    Decarbonization of industrial sectors: the next frontier June 2018 Decarbonization of industrial sectors: the next frontier June 2018 Authored by: Arnout de Pee Dickon Pinner Occo Roelofsen Ken Somers Eveline Speelman Maaike Witteveen Preface The industrial sector is a vital source of wealth, prosperity, and social value on a global scale. Industrial companies produce about one-quarter of global GDP and employment, and make materials and goods that are integral to our daily lives, such as fertilizer to feed the growing global population, steel and plastics for the cars we drive, and cement for the buildings we live and work in. Industry also emits about 28 percent of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, of which 90 percent are carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Between 1990 and 2014, GHG emissions from major sectors such as buildings, power, and transport increased by 23 percent (0.9 percent per year), while emissions from the industrial sector increased by 69 percent (2.2 percent per year). Over the last decades, the outlines of energy transition pathways have emerged in the buildings, power and transport sectors. These have been driven by technological breakthroughs and cost reduction. For industrial processes, such pathways are less well-defined. The energy transition in industry should be viewed in the context of global trends that will impact the demand for and preferred production routes of industrial products. There is an expected growth in resource demand, driven by an increase in middle class consumers of ~3 billion in the coming 20 years, as well as rapid urbanization. This coincides with growing constraints on key resources, such as copper and zinc, and environmental degradation, for instance from air pollution.
    [Show full text]
  • Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3-N) and Ammonium-Nitrogen (NH4 -N) Equilibrium on the Process of Removing Nitrogen by Using Tubular Plastic Media
    Journal(of(Materials(and(( J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 2017, Volume 8, Issue S, Page 4915-4922 Environmental(Sciences( ISSN(:(2028;2508( CODEN(:(JMESCN( http://www.jmaterenvironsci.com ! Copyright(©(2017,((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( University(of(Mohammed(Premier(((((( OuJda(Morocco( + Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3-N) and Ammonium-Nitrogen (NH4 -N) Equilibrium on The Process of Removing Nitrogen By Using Tubular Plastic Media Purwono, Arya Rezagama, Muhammad Hibbaan, Mochamad Arief Budihardjo Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia Received 08 Oct 2016, Abstract Revised 09 Nov 2017, The biological process of nitrification-denitrification, involving a tubular plastic bio + Accepted 17 Nov 2017 filter, reduces nitrogen in wastewater. During the process, ionised ammonia (NH4 ) and unionised ammonia (NH3) are formed simultaneously in the water. The presence + Keywords of NH4 causes the breakpoint of chlorination and the formation of disinfection by- !!unionized ammonia products (DBPs) in the form of trihalomethana, while unionised ammonia (NH3) is !!ionized ammonia toxic to aquatic organisms. In this study, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) removal !!aerobic biofilter efficiency using a tubular plastic bio filter was 14.31% with pH of 7.89 on the first !!nitrogen removal day. TAN concentration in the bio filter reactor was 77.08 mg/l, and the NH3-N + !!equilibrium equilibrium reached 4.8 mg of NH3-N/l while NH4 -N equilibrium went to 72.2 mg of + NH4 -N/l. In the control reactor, TAN removal efficiency was 12.98%, where the [email protected] + NH3-N equilibrium touched 1.94 mg of NH3-N/l, and the NH4 equilibrium reached Phone: +62 24 76480678; + 76.33 mg of NH4 -N/l with a pH of 7.56.
    [Show full text]