Qadianism on Trial
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Muslim Nationalism, State Formation and Legal Representations of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan
Politics of Exclusion: Muslim Nationalism, State Formation and Legal Representations of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan by Sadia Saeed A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Sociology) in The University of Michigan 2010 Doctoral Committee: Professor George P. Steinmetz, Chair Professor Howard A. Kimeldorf Associate Professor Fatma Muge Gocek Associate Professor Genevieve Zubrzycki Professor Mamadou Diouf, Columbia University © Sadia Saeed 2010 2 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my parents with my deepest love, respect and gratitude for the innumerable ways they have supported my work and choices. ii Acknowledgements I would like to begin by acknowledging the immense support my parents have given me every step of the way during my (near) decade in graduate school. I have dedicated this dissertation to them. My ammi and baba have always believed in my capabilities to accomplish not only this dissertation but much more in life and their words of love and encouragement have continuously given me the strength and the will to give my research my very best. My father‘s great enthusiasm for this project, his intellectual input and his practical help and advice during the fieldwork of this project have been formative to this project. I would like to thank my dissertation advisor George Steinmetz for the many engaged conversations about theory and methods, for always pushing me to take my work to the next level and above all for teaching me to recognize and avoid sloppiness, caricatures and short-cuts. It is to him that I owe my greatest intellectual debt. -
Founding of the Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha`At Islam Lahore: Centenary Talk
www.ahmadiyya.org/cont-ahm.htm Founding of the Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha‘at Islam Lahore, March – May 1914 Main points from a Talk by Dr Zahid Aziz at Darus Salaam, Wembley, U.K. on 2nd March 2014 to commemorate the centenary of its establishment 1. Muslim spiritual orders founded by saints existed all over the Indian subcontinent, long before the Ahmadiyya Movement. Usually these were centred around the tomb of the saint. Three flaws had developed in previous movements and sects: a. The headship and control of the movements had passed into the hands of the descendants of the saints. These descendants were capitalising on the repute of the saint to receive homage from the public as well as donations which they used for personal ends. b. These heads of spiritual orders were revered and regarded as holy by their followers because of their descent. They took people into their discipleship and the disciples obeyed them unquestioningly, looking upon them as the gateway to God. c. Leaders of various sects denounced other sects as unbelievers. 2. Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad set up a system of running the Ahmadiyya movement after him which avoided these pitfalls. 3. Two and a half years before his death he published his Will in December 1905 and laid down how the movement would be run after him. a. Instead of one spiritual leader who would have all members as his personal disciples, he wrote that after him any forty Ahmadis could choose a venerable person from among them as being fit and suitable to bring newcomers into the Movement by taking bai’at from them in the name of Hazrat Mirza sahib. -
Jesus Christ Liberator Then and Now
Jesus Christ Liberator Then And Now Facing The Legacy Of Injustice The 10th International SabeelConference March 7-13, 2017 120 Years marking the First Zionist Conference 100 Years marking the Balfour Declaration 70 Years marking the Partition Plan 50 Years of occupation 30 Years marking the first Intifada 10 Years of PalestinianDivisions 2017, A Year of Jubilee PB 1 Bethlehem Monday March 6th Recommended day of arrivals 2:00 pm Check-in & Registration 6:00 – 9:00 pm Dinner at hotel (3rd floor dining room) Bethlehem Bethlehem Hotel Tuesday, March 7th– Bethlehem 6:00 am Checkpoint experience visit with EAPPI 5:30-9:00 am Breakfast (3rd floor dining room) International Sabeel Conference Sabeel International th 8:00 am Optional sightseeing tours in Bethlehem (Political and Religious) 11:00 am OCHA briefing on the Humanitarian Situation in the West Bank and Gaza. Speaker: Catharine Cook (2nd floor conference room) The 10 12:15 pm Lunch at Bethlehem Hotel 1:30 pm Depart hotel to Church of St. Catherine’s for worship 2:00 pm Opening Worship at Church of St. Catherine’s Sermon: Rev. Naim Ateek 3:00 pm Depart for Bethlehem Hotel 3:15 pm Welcome – Vera Baboun, Mayor of Bethlehem 3:30 pm The Background and Resulting Impact of the Balfour Declaration 1) Mary Grey: The Theological Underpinnings of the Balfour Declaration 2) Peter Shambrook: The Historical and Political Context that Produced the Declaration 3) Leslie Orr: The Practical Steps Necessary to Address Balfour’s Legacy Today 4:30 pm Coffee break 5:00 pm Q&A 5:30 pm The Balfour Declaration -
35 Ahmadiyya
Malaysian Journal of International Relations, Volume 6, 2018, 35-46 ISSN 2289-5043 (Print); ISSN 2600-8181 (Online) AHMADIYYA: GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF A PERSECUTED COMMUNITY Abdul Rashid Moten ABSTRACT Ahmadiyya, a group, founded in 19th century India, has suffered fierce persecution in various parts of the Muslim world where governments have declared them to be non-Muslims. Despite opposition from mainstream Muslims, the movement continued its proselytising efforts and currently boasts millions of followers worldwide. Based on the documentary sources and other scholarly writings, this paper judges the claims made by the movement's founder, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, analyses the consequences of the claims, and examines their proselytizing strategies. This paper found that the claims made by Mirza were not in accordance with the belief of mainstream Muslims, which led to their persecution. The reasons for their success in recruiting millions of members worldwide is to be found in their philanthropic activities, avoidance of violence and pursuit of peace inherent in their doctrine of jihad, exerting in the way of God, not by the sword but by the pen. Keywords: Ahmadiyya, jihad, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, Pakistan, philanthropy INTRODUCTION The Qur’an categorically mentions that Muhammad is the last in the line of the Prophets and that no prophet will follow him. Yet, there arose several individuals who claimed prophethood in Islam. Among the first to claim Prophecy was Musailama al-Kazzab, followed by many others including Mirza Hussein Ali Nuri who took the name Bahaullah (glory of God) and formed a new religion, the Bahai faith. Many false prophets continued to raise their heads occasionally but failed to make much impact until the ascendance of the non-Muslim intellectual, economic and political forces particularly in the 19th century A.D. -
18 September 2019 PRESS RELEASE 37TH MAJLIS
18 September 2019 PRESS RELEASE 37TH MAJLIS ANSARULLAH IJTEMA UK CONCLUDES WITH ADDRESS BY HEAD OF AHMADIYYA MUSLIM COMMUNITY Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad says the example set by elders should “guide the youth upon the right path.” On 15 September 2019, the World Head of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, the Fifth Khalifa (Caliph), His Holiness, Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad delivered the concluding address at the 37th National Ijtema (Annual Gathering) of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Elders Association UK (Majlis Ansarullah). The 3-day event of Majlis Ansarullah, which comprises of male members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community above the age of 40, was attended by more than 4,600 people from across the UK and was held at the Country Market in Kingsley. During his address His Holiness spoke in detail about the standards of spirituality that the members of Majlis Ansarullah should strive to attain as outlined by the Founder of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, His Holiness Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the Promised Messiah (peace be upon him). His Holiness highlighted the heavy responsibility that lay upon the members of Majlis Ansarullah to lead by example and said that the young will learn from their elders and follow in their footsteps and thus they should seek to set the best of examples. Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad said: “As the membership of Majlis Ansarullah increases and the organisation progresses, the members of the organisation must self-evaluate to see if they are living up to the expectations laid out by the Promised Messiah (peace be upon him).” -
Z. a Bhutto's Bout for Civil Supremacy in Pakistan: an Analysis
Pakistan Social Sciences Review P-ISSN 2664-0422 March 2020, Vol. 4, No. 1 [130-140] O-ISSN 2664-0430 RESEARCH PAPER Z. A Bhutto’s Bout for Civil Supremacy in Pakistan: An Analysis Iftikhar Ahmad 1, Dr. Ramzan Shahid 2 & Dr. Shumaila Rafique 3 1. Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Political Science & International Relations, University of Gujrat, Pakistan 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & International Relations, University of Gujrat, Pakistan 3. Lecturer, Department of Political Science & International Relations, University of Gujrat, Pakistan PAPER INFO ABSTRACT Received: Civil-military relations in Pakistan have been remained, February 4, 2020 predominantly, smooth and straight in the history of Pakistan Accepted: with it is, explicitly, more tilt towards military establishment. March 28, 2020 Period of Z.A Bhutto has been marked as a unique period in the Online: history of civil-military relations in Pakistan due to efforts for March 31, 2020 Keywords: radical changes in these relations as a result of constitutional reforms and politico-administrative measures. Zulfiqar Ali Civil-military Bhutto adopted the policy of curtailment of power of military relations through constitutional-cum-administrative measures on the one Civil Supremacy hand, and the strategy to restore the lost morale of the army by Pakistan increasing its budget and through enhancement of salaries of Corresponding the military personnel on the other hand. This paper locates the Author: independence, autonomy and strength of the democratic parliament and democratic regime of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto as well ramzan.shahid@ as the power and area of influence of the army in the political uog.edu.pk affairs of Pakistan. -
Pakistan's Army
Pakistan’s Army: New Chief, traditional institutional interests Introduction A year after speculation about the names of those in the race for selection as the new Army Chief of Pakistan began, General Qamar Bajwa eventually took charge as Pakistan's 16th Chief of Army Staff on 29th of November 2016, succeeding General Raheel Sharif. Ordinarily, such appointments in the defence services of countries do not generate much attention, but the opposite holds true for Pakistan. Why this is so is evident from the popular aphorism, "while every country has an army, the Pakistani Army has a country". In Pakistan, the army has a history of overshadowing political landscape - the democratically elected civilian government in reality has very limited authority or control over critical matters of national importance such as foreign policy and security. A historical background The military in Pakistan is not merely a human resource to guard the country against the enemy but has political wallop and opinions. To know more about the power that the army enjoys in Pakistan, it is necessary to examine the times when Pakistan came into existence in 1947. In 1947, both India and Pakistan were carved out of the British Empire. India became a democracy whereas Pakistan witnessed several military rulers and still continues to suffer from a severe civil- military imbalance even after 70 years of its birth. During India’s war of Independence, the British primarily recruited people from the Northwest of undivided India which post partition became Pakistan. It is noteworthy that the majority of the people recruited in the Pakistan Army during that period were from the Punjab martial races. -
Zaheeruddin V. State and the Official Persecution of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan
Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality Volume 14 Issue 1 Article 5 June 1996 Enforced Apostasy: Zaheeruddin v. State and the Official Persecution of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan M. Nadeem Ahmad Siddiq Follow this and additional works at: https://lawandinequality.org/ Recommended Citation M. N. Siddiq, Enforced Apostasy: Zaheeruddin v. State and the Officialersecution P of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan, 14(1) LAW & INEQ. 275 (1996). Available at: https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/lawineq/vol14/iss1/5 Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality is published by the University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing. Enforced Apostasy: Zaheeruddin v. State and the Official Persecution of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan M. Nadeem Ahmad Siddiq* Table of Contents Introduction ............................................... 276 I. The Ahmadiyya Community in Islam .................. 278 II. History of Ahmadis in Pakistan ........................ 282 III. The Decision in Zaheerudin v. State ................... 291 A. The Pakistan Court Considers Ahmadis Non- M uslim s ........................................... 292 B. Company and Trademark Laws Do Not Prohibit Ahmadis From Muslim Practices ................... 295 C. The Pakistan Court Misused United States Freedom of Religion Precedent .............................. 299 D. Ordinance XX Should Have Been Found Void for Vagueness ......................................... 314 E. The Pakistan Court Attributed False Statements to Mirza Ghulam Almad ............................. 317 F. Ordinance XX Violates -
Ikorodu Ilorin
BULLETIN JULY 2016 | VOLUME 2, ISSUE 6 TREE National AHMADIYYA PLANTING Waqar- CONDEMNS D Etai ls inside e Amal FRANCE IKORODU CHURCH APATA ATTACKS ILORIN OSHOGBO AL-IRFAN BULLETIN JULY, 2016 | PAGE 2 LAGOS WORKSHOP MAJLIS ADVOCATES OFFERING SUBJECTS ON AHMADIYYA IN SCHOOLS Majlis Khuddam-ul-Ahmadiyya, Lagos State has urged the schools owned by Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama’at or its auxiliaries to devise a mechanism allowing students/pupils offer a subject or course that is strictly about Ahmadiyya and value system. his is one of the resolutions made at the State Officers’ Workshop T held between 8th July and 10th July, 2016 at Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama’at Headquarters, Ojokoro, Lagos. In a communique issued at the end of the 3-day programme, the Majlis also encouraged all officers at all levels to maintain a permanent focus in their respective departments and work based on the requirements of the guidelines as contained in the MKA Constitution and the MKAN Handbook. Moreso, as the nation is The workshop was attended by a total currently striving to get back to of 77 participants. Participants cut It also agreed that Members of the economic growth and across 9 Dil’at (Districts) of the Majlis Majlis at all levels should come development in the face of the in Lagos. Also in attendance were the together based on their present economic challenges, Naib Sadr, Admin, MKAN, Bro Saheed professional and occupational the Majlis urged the government Aina; Naib Sadr, South-West, Bro A.G. preference and put resources to make qualitative education a Omopariola; other Mulk Officers; together on business ventures major consideration in the National Isha’at Secretary and using the Majlis as a rider to gain journey to economic Coordinator, Muslim Television access to wide opportunities. -
Qadiani Problem
THE QADIANI PROBLEM ABUL A/LA MAUDUDI ISLAMIC PUBLICATIONS (PVT.) LIMITED 13-E, Sha.halarn Market, Lahore. (Pakistan) CONTENTS Preface (vii) The Qadiani Problem FS 1 Queer Interpretation of Khatm-e- kabinviwat oF 2 Mirza Ghulam Ahmadis Claim to Prophethood 5 Consequences of claim for Prophethood .•. 6 Religion of Qadianig is. Opposed to Islam IF ., Impiicatioro of New Roligion 8 Demand for Declaring Qadianis as a Separate Minority 4 .. 12 Behaviour of Persons in Power 4 I I. 14 Practice of Heresy amoug Muslim 111 15 Other Sects of Muslims 1•••• 17 Political Ambitions of Qadianie 1•••I 1 El Plan for a Qadiani State in Pakistan 23 Demand for Separation by Majority .. 24 Truth about the Propagation of Islam by Qadianis 27 Loyalty to British Government 20 Motives Behind Propagations r 33 Baic Features of Qadianism Un.animous Demand by all Muslim Sects 40 (VI) APPENDIX I rtaportant Extracts from the First Statement of Maulana Syed Abul Aqa Maududi in the Court of Enquiry ..• 42 The Real Issue and its Background +F1 42 Social Asp-5a 411 44 Economic Aspect 46 Political Aspect .„ • 47 Additional eniuses of Acrimony •••• 'Inevitable Consequence 1.•4 52 Provocation Caused by the Qadianis 64 APPENDIX II Ulnnia's Ame,ndments to the Basic Principles Report APPENDIX 1II Iqbal on Qa.clianism .+. 62 A Letter to the "State.strian" • . P 65 Reply to the Question$ Raised By Pandit .Jawahar L l Nehru Pl• 70 •ALPPENDIX Iv Verdicts of JudiciarY •PM 73 .Tudgcmient P•4. 74 Extracts from Maulana Eyed Abul Gila Maududi' second Statement in the Court of Enquiry ••I The Nature of Demands Concerning the! Qadianis is Political as well no 1Religiou6 ••• 76 THE QADIANI PROBLEM In January 1953, thirty-three leading 1:riama, of Pakistan representing the -various schools of the among Muslim.s assembled in Karachi and formulated their amendments And proposals in regard to the recent constitutional recommendations of the B.P.C. -
Politics of Sindh Under Zia Government an Analysis of Nationalists Vs Federalists Orientations
POLITICS OF SINDH UNDER ZIA GOVERNMENT AN ANALYSIS OF NATIONALISTS VS FEDERALISTS ORIENTATIONS A Thesis Doctor of Philosophy By Amir Ali Chandio 2009 Department of Political Science & International Relations Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan POLITICS OF SINDH UNDER ZIA GOVERNMENT AN ANALYSIS OF NATIONALISTS VS FEDERALISTS ORIENTATIONS A Thesis Doctor of Philosophy By Amir Ali Chandio 2009 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ishtiaq Ahmed Chaudhry Department of Political Science & International Relations Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Dedicated to: Baba Bullay Shah & Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai The poets of love, fraternity, and peace DECLARATION This thesis is the result of my own investigations, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by giving explicit references. A bibliography is appended. This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed………………………………………………………………….( candidate) Date……………………………………………………………………. CERTIFICATES This is to certify that I have gone through the thesis submitted by Mr. Amir Ali Chandio thoroughly and found the whole work original and acceptable for the award of the degree of Doctorate in Political Science. To the best of my knowledge this work has not been submitted anywhere before for any degree. Supervisor Professor Dr. Ishtiaq Ahmed Choudhry Department of Political Science & International Relations Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Chairman Department of Political Science & International Relations Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. ABSTRACT The nationalist feelings in Sindh existed long before the independence, during British rule. The Hur movement and movement of the separation of Sindh from Bombay Presidency for the restoration of separate provincial status were the evidence’s of Sindhi nationalist thinking. -
Comprendiendo La Exaltación De La Fe Musulmana Como La 'Verdadera
Hamsa Journal of Judaic and Islamic Studies 6 | 2020 Varia Comprendiendo la exaltación de la fe musulmana como la ‘verdadera religión” en la Introducción de la “Filosofía de las Enseñanzas del Islam”: Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad de Qadian y el proselitismo islámico a fines del siglo XIX Néstor Véliz Catalán Edición electrónica URL: https://journals.openedition.org/hamsa/322 DOI: 10.4000/hamsa.322 ISSN: 2183-2633 Editor CIDEHUS - Centro Interdisciplinar de História Culturas e Sociedades da Universidade de Évora Referencia electrónica Néstor Véliz Catalán, «Comprendiendo la exaltación de la fe musulmana como la ‘verdadera religión” en la Introducción de la “Filosofía de las Enseñanzas del Islam”: Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad de Qadian y el proselitismo islámico a fines del siglo XIX», Hamsa [En línea], 6 | 2020, Publicado el 30 abril 2020, consultado el 13 mayo 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/hamsa/322 ; DOI: https:// doi.org/10.4000/hamsa.322 Este documento fue generado automáticamente el 13 mayo 2021. Hamsa est mise à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International. Comprendiendo la exaltación de la fe musulmana como la ‘verdadera religión” e... 1 Comprendiendo la exaltación de la fe musulmana como la ‘verdadera religión” en la Introducción de la “Filosofía de las Enseñanzas del Islam”: Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad de Qadian y el proselitismo islámico a fines del siglo XIX Néstor Véliz Catalán Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad de Qadian y el surgimiento