S6702 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 5, 2016 Iowa; ViaSat in Carlsbad, California; and decades. This operation didn’t elimi- boring countries, and political corrup- Data Link Solutions in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. nate every terrorist, nor has it denied tion has stilted economic growth. There are no known offset agreements pro- safe haven to many who continue to Pakistan must demonstrate that the posed in connection with this potential sale. operate from Pakistan. But it has led commitment to fighting terrorism and Implementation of this proposed sale will require multiple trips to Finland involving to security improvements in the coun- improving conditions in the country is U.S. Government and contractor representa- try, and this area is now safer than not dependent on a single individual. In tives for technical reviews, support, and ever before. And importantly, the Pak- that spirit, I look forward to working training. istani Army is continuing to secure the with General Qamar Javed Bajwa, There will be no adverse impact on U.S. de- gains it has achieved by building roads, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif’s selec- fense readiness as a result of this proposed border posts, schools, and healthcare tion to be the next Chief of Army Staff. sale. facilities across North Waziristan to By taking on all terrorist groups oper- TRANSMITTAL NO. 16–65 promote economic development and ating in its country, Pakistan will find Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of give citizens a more prosperous and that the United States remains willing Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the peaceful future. and able to assist in this fight and de- Arms Export Control Act In the south, General Sharif also velop an enduring strategic partner- Annex Item No. vii took on the task of clearing Karachi, ship. (vii) Sensitivity of Technology: one of Pakistan’s largest cities, of an I congratulate Pakistan on carrying 1. The Multifunctional Information Dis- array of terrorist organizations, crimi- out a second consecutive transition of tribution System Joint Tactical Radio Sys- nal groups, and even political corrup- power in the military, and I wish Gen- tem (MIDS–JTRS) is not classified but is tion. The results were equally impres- eral Sharif well as he enters a well- considered a COMSEC Controlled Item (CCI). sive, leading to a dramatic decline in earned retirement. He has vowed to There are no training devices, associated documentation, or services to be provided militant attacks and ending the kind serve Pakistan even after his retire- with the sale of these MIDS–JTRS units. No of targeted killings, kidnappings for ment, and I would expect nothing less. sensitive information is provided or associ- ransom, and extortion that had become f ated with this sale. a feature of life in the city. 2. All defense articles and services listed in Much of the credit for the success of SECRETARY KERRY’S REMARKS this transmittal have been authorized for re- these operations is due to General AT COP22 lease and export to the Government of Fin- Sharif and the service and sacrifice of Mr. MARKEY. Mr. President, last land. tens of thousands of Pakistani soldiers year the world came together in Paris f who followed his lead. What was re- to support a truly historic agreement on climate change. And 2015 was also TRIBUTE TO GENERAL RAHEEL markable about General Sharif was not historic for another reason: It was the SHARIF only the commitment he demonstrated to rooting out terrorism, but also his hottest year in an observational record Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, today I efforts to improve economic develop- that stretches back to the 1880s. In wish to recognize the accomplishments ment, political life, and civic services fact, 15 of the 16 hottest years on the of General Raheel Sharif and to express for citizens throughout the country. He planet have occurred since 2000. Re- my gratitude to him upon his retire- recognized that failure to focus on the cently, July and August 2016 tied the ment as Pakistan’s Chief of Army root causes of radicalization, including global record for the hottest month, Staff. General Sharif has been a vital economic and political corruption, had and 2016 is on track to be the warmest partner for the United States in the exacerbated the growth of extremism year yet. The evidence on climate battle against terrorism. Since taking in Pakistan, and he showed foresight in change is overwhelming. Scientists office in November 2013, General Sharif seeking to remedy both cause and ef- have understood the fundamental phys- has continued to target terrorists oper- fect. ics for over a century. And the world ating within the borders of Pakistan. This is the kind of leadership that is agrees that we must take action to He has carried the fight to the north- imperative for the continued improve- curb dangerous carbon pollution and west frontier provinces of Pakistan, as ment of relations between the United reduce the effects of climate change. A well as promised to eliminate safe ha- States and Pakistan, which is impor- majority of the United States agrees vens for terrorists from the country tant for the stability of the entire re- that we must take action. completely. In taking these actions, gion, and for the national security of The swiftness with which the Paris General Sharif has demonstrated that both Pakistan and the United States. Climate Accord came into force dem- fighting against extremist groups is But despite the progress I witnessed onstrates the global commitment to firmly in the national security inter- firsthand when I visited Pakistan this addressing the serious concerns of cli- ests of Pakistan. past summer, the U.S.-Pakistan rela- mate change. It is also a testament to General Sharif comes from a military tionship has become strained. Among the leadership of President Barack family, with a long tradition of patri- other things, limitations on U.S. as- Obama and Secretary of State John otism and service to country. Among sistance to Pakistan and congressional Kerry. This year, the world again came his many brave military family mem- opposition to approve funding for the together at the United Nations Climate bers, his older brother Major Rana sale of defense articles have added to Change Conference in Marrakesh, Mo- Shabbir Sharif, who was killed in ac- tensions between our two governments. rocco, to begin forging the path to- tion, is regarded as the most decorated But even with these difficulties, U.S. wards a lower-emissions world and officer of the Pakistan Army, having and Pakistani leaders cannot allow am- clean energy future. And while there is received the three most coveted awards bivalence and suspicion to fester in our much work to be done, we are heading of the Army, and is fondly addressed as relationship. Our common interests in in the right direction. We have seen the the army’s ‘‘Superman.’’ This is a leg- counterterrorism, nuclear security, price of solar energy reach record lows acy difficult to live up to, but General and regional stability are too impor- and the rate of new solar installation Sharif has done so, honoring his broth- tant and too urgent. Both sides share reach record highs. We have seen er and family’s service, and continuing responsibility to improve U.S.-Paki- States, regions, and countries reduce to serve and protect his country and its stan relations, and the United States their carbon pollution while growing institutions. must continue to make clear its endur- their economies. These positive steps Since taking on the role of Chief of ing commitment to Pakistan’s sta- will not only curb carbon pollution, Army Staff, General Sharif has been at bility and economic growth. but also create good, well-paying clean the forefront of fighting the Taliban As we look to the future, there re- energy jobs. and other terrorist groups inside Paki- mains much to be done. While Pakistan Climate change is a challenge for the stan. In 2014, he initiated the launch of has made progress in its fight against entire world. Through the Paris Cli- Operation Zarb-e-Azb in North terrorism, the Haqqani Network con- mate Accord, the international com- Waziristan, a tribal area along the Af- tinues to operate within its border, in- munity has decided to face this chal- ghanistan-Pakistan border where mili- creasing cross-border attacks are car- lenge head on, and the United States tants had operated with impunity for ried out by armed militants on neigh- must continue to be the global leader.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:55 Dec 06, 2016 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A05DE6.030 S05DEPT1 rfrederick on DSKBCBPHB2PROD with SENATE December 5, 2016 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6703 Under the leadership of Sectary of world that surrounds us and the importance wide agreement for carbon-neutral growth. State John Kerry, the United States of preserving it for generations to come. Why is this so important? Because inter- has carried this mantle. In the speech As Jonathan mentioned, climate change is national aviation wasn’t covered by what we deeply personal to me, but it’s personal to did in Paris, and if that aviation was a coun- that Secretary Kerry delivered last everyone in this room. I know that. And we try, it would rank among the top dozen month in Marrakesh, Morocco, at the obviously want it to be just as personal for greenhouse gas emitters in the world. 22nd meeting of the Conference of Par- everyone in every room: men, women, chil- A few weeks later, I was pleased to be in ties to the United Nationals Frame- dren, businesspeople, consumers, parents, Kigali, Rwanda, when representatives from work Convention on Climate Change teachers, students, grandparents. Wherever again nearly 200 countries came together to and first session of the Conference of we live, whatever our calling, whatever our phase down the global use and production of Parties to the Paris Agreement, Sec- background must be, this is an imperative. hydrofluorocarbons—which has been ex- Now, I know the danger of preaching to the pected to increase very rapidly with a danger retary Kerry shared his vision for our choir—and, obviously, all of us here are the that is multiple of times more damaging future: a brighter, cleaner, healthier proverbial choir. But I’m actually grateful than carbon dioxide. The Kigali agreement and more prosperous one. for that, because here at the 22nd COP, no could singlehandedly help us to avoid an en- He said: one can deny the remarkable progress that tire half a degree centigrade of warming by Thank you so much, everybody. I apologize we have made—progress that actually was the end of the century—while at the same for being a few moments late. There was a pretty hard to imagine even a few years ago. time opening up new opportunities for fire and then there was some traffic backed The global community is more united than growth in a range of industries. up, and so here I am and here are you, and ever not just in accepting the challenge, but All of these steps combine to move the nee- thank you for being here. in confronting it with real action, in making dle in the direction that we need to. And in Let me begin by thanking our terrific U.S. a difference. And no one should doubt the large part because global leaders have woken Special Envoy for Climate Change Jonathan overwhelming majority of the citizens of the up to the enormity of this challenge, the Pershing. I couldn’t be luckier than to have United States who know climate change is world is now beginning to move forward to- him in this job. He was over at the Energy happening and who are determined to keep gether towards a clean energy future. Department for a while. We stole him from our commitments that were made in Paris. Over the past decade, the global renewable Ernie Moniz, who is a great colleague and (Applause.) energy market has expanded more than six- was gracious in my theft. And he has done a None of us will forget the moment last De- fold. Last year, investment in renewable en- spectacular job working with all of our inter- cember at Le Bourget, when the former for- ergy was at an all-time high—nearly $350 bil- national partners as we begin the hard work eign minister of France, with Segolene and a lion. But that only tells you part of the story. An average of—that 350 billion is the of implementing the Paris Agreement. And I bunch of you there, led by our friend Laurent first time that we’ve been able to see that also want to thank Ambassador Jennifer Fabius, who gaveled in the strongest, most money outpacing what is being put into fos- Haverkamp, who, along with Jonathan and a ambitious global climate agreement ever ne- sil fuels. An average of half a million new lot of the team that I see sitting here, has gotiated. It was an accord that took literally solar panels were installed every single day done an absolutely terrific job in leading the decades to achieve—the proud work product last year. And for the first time since the State Department’s efforts to advance our of principled diplomacy, and ultimately, a Pre-Industrial Era, despite the fact that you climate goals this year. And I have to tell deeply held, shared understanding that we’re have global prices of oil and gas and coal you—well, let me just divert for a minute. I all in this together. that are lower than ever, still more of the also want to thank Brian Deese—I don’t And when we left Paris, no one rested on their laurels. Instead, the world—unified— world’s money was invested in renewable en- know if he’s here—but I’m grateful for Presi- ergy technologies than in new fossil fuel dent Obama’s senior advisor on climate moved expeditiously to begin the—to pull the agreement permanently into force, cross- plants. issues and the entire intrepid U.S. delegation And like many of you, I’ve seen this trans- ing the thresholds of 55 countries rep- to the COP, whom I had a chance to meet formation take hold in my own country. resenting 55 percent of global emissions, and with earlier this morning, but we’ve kind of That’s why I’m confident about the future, doing so far faster than even the most opti- traveled this road together. regardless of what policy might be chosen, mistic among us might have predicted. In a I also thank our international partners, because of the marketplace. I’ve met with and particularly the executive secretary of powerful statement of the whole world’s leaders and innovators in the energy indus- the UNFCCC, Patricia Espinosa; the out- broad commitment to this agreement, in less try all across our nation, and I am excited going president of the COP, Minister than a year, 109 countries representing near- about the path that they are on. America’s Segolene Royal of France; and the incoming ly 75 percent of the world’s emissions have wind generation has tripled since 2008 and COP president, my friend and our host this now formally committed to bold, decisive ac- that will continue, and solar generation has week, Minister Salaheddine Mezouar, the tion—and we are determined to affirm that increased 30 times over. And the reason both foreign minister of Morocco. And I also want action and to stick with it out of Marrakech. of those will continue is that the market- to thank our partners from Fiji, who will Now, we have in place—(applause)—so we place will dictate that, not the government. serve as president for the next COP, which I have in place a foundation, based on national I can tell you with confidence that the intend hopefully to attend as Citizen Kerry. climate goals—109 nations, each of them United States is right now, today, on our It’s a great pleasure for me to be able to be have come up with their own plan, each of us way to meeting all of the international tar- here in Marrakech. I’m reminded of one of setting goals that are based on our own abili- gets that we’ve set, and because of the mar- the 20th century’s most outsized figures ties and our own circumstances. This agree- ket decisions that are being made, I do not whose connection with this city is so fa- ment is, in fact, the essence of common but believe that that can or will be reversed. mous—Sir Winston Churchill. He loved to differentiated responsibilities. It provides (Applause.) paint the landscapes here and to absorb the support to countries that need help meeting Now, much of this is due to President beauty and the culture. the targets. It leaves no country to weather Obama’s leadership, and our Congress also And in fact, at the very height of World the storm of climate change alone. It mar- moving in a bipartisan fashion on things like War II, as he and President Franklin Roo- shals an array of tools in order to help devel- tax credits for renewable energy. This lead- sevelt and Allied leaders gathered in Casa- oping nations to invest in infrastructure, ership has helped to inspire targeted invest- blanca to plan the strategy for the European technology, and the science to get the job ment from the private sector. Today our Theater, Churchill was absolutely stunned to done. It supports the most vulnerable coun- emissions are being driven down because learn that Roosevelt had never been to this tries, so they can better adapt to the climate market-based forces are taking hold all over part of Morocco. impacts that many of those countries are al- the world. And that’s what we said we would So in a move that perhaps only Winston ready confronting. do in Paris. None of us pretended that in Churchill would get away with in the middle And finally, it enables us to ratchet up am- Paris, the agreement itself was going to of a global war—world war—Churchill con- bition over time as technology develops and achieve two degrees. What we knew is we vinced Roosevelt to extend his visit and as the price of clean energy comes down. were sending that critical message to the drive through what was still, at the time, a This is critical: the agreement calls on the marketplace, and businesses have responded, country engulfed in active combat. parties to revisit their national pledges as I just described. Most businesspeople have So after several hours on the loose, and be- every five years, in order to ensure that we come to understand: investing in clean en- cause we’re talking about Winston Churchill, keep pace with the technology and that we ergy simply makes good economic sense. plenty of Scotch—(laughter)—the two lead- accelerate the global transition to a clean You can make money. You can do good and ers arrived in Marrakech in time to see the energy economy. do well at the same time. sun set on the Atlas Mountains. This process—a cornerstone of our agree- Now, significantly, the renewable energy And Churchill said it was the loveliest ment—gives us a framework that is built to boom isn’t limited to industrialized coun- view on Earth. last, and a degree of global accountability tries, and that’s important to note. In fact, So I think it’s fitting, therefore, that al- that has never before existed. But I want to emerging economies like China, India, and most three-quarters of a century later, share with you that the progress that we’ve Brazil invested even more in renewable tech- friends and allies meet again in Marrakech made this year goes well beyond Paris. nologies last year than the developed world. in order to undertake a very important dis- In early October, the International Civil China alone invested more than 100 billion cussion—a discussion about the natural Aviation Organization established a sector- dollars. Ultimately, clean energy is expected

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:55 Dec 06, 2016 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G05DE6.032 S05DEPT1 rfrederick on DSKBCBPHB2PROD with SENATE S6704 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 5, 2016 to be a multitrillion dollar market—the million metric tons of ice makes its way it’s important to remind ourselves that we largest market the world has ever known. down that fjord into the ocean. And the total are not on a pre-ordained path to disaster. And no nation will do well if it sits on the flow that comes off that glacier in a single This is not pre-ordained. It’s not written in sidelines, handicapping its new businesses year is enough water to meet the needs of the stars. This is about choices—choices that from reaping the benefits of the clean-tech New York City for two decades. we still have. This is a test of willpower, not explosion. But experts in Greenland and elsewhere capacity. It’s within our power to put the My friends, we are in the midst of a global have always warned me, and they warned me planet back on a better track. But doing renewable energy surge, and as a result, in on this trip this summer, if you really want that requires holding ourselves accountable many places, clean energy has already to understand what’s happening and what to the hard truth. It requires holding our- reached cost parity with fossil fuels. Millions the threat is, go to Antarctica. Nowhere on selves accountable to facts, not opinion; to around the world are currently employed by the planet are the stakes as high as they are science, not theories that haven’t been prov- the renewable energy industry. And if we on the opposite end of the globe. For half a en and can’t be proven; and certainly not to make the right choices, millions more people century, climate scientists have believed the political bromides and slogans. will be put to work. West Antarctic Ice Sheet is a sword of Damo- For all the progress that we are making, at So good things are happening. The energy cles hanging over our entire way of life. the current pace we will not meet our goal. curve is bending towards sustainability. The Should it break apart and melt into the sea, I said that earlier. We knew in Paris that market is clearly headed towards clean en- it alone could raise global sea levels by four what we were doing was trying to start down ergy, and that trend will only become more to five meters. And the scientists down there a road. But we also knew it doesn’t get us to pronounced. described to me how the pressure of the ice the end of the journey. Yes, renewables make Now, for those of us who have been work- and the weight of the ice pushes the entire up more than half of all the new electricity ing on this challenge for decades, this really continent down so that it’s grounded on the installation last year. That’s progress. But is a turning point. It is a cause for optimism, base of Earth’s crust and rock. But that al- the reality is because of the existing energy notwithstanding what you see in different lows warmer sea water to creep in under the infrastructure already in place, that new en- countries with respect to politics and glacier and speed up the process of the melt- ergy only generated a little more than 10 change. In no uncertain terms, the question ing and destabilize the glacier. percent of the world’s total energy. That is now is not whether we will transition to en- Antarctica contains ice sheets that are, in nowhere near what we need in order to some places, on the East Antarctic Ice Sheet ergy economy—to a clean energy economy. achieve our goals. That we’ve already begun to do. The ques- three miles deep. And if all that ice were If we’re going to have the ability to stave tion now is whether or not we are going to somehow able to melt away completely be- off the worst impacts of climate change, we have the will to get this job done. That’s the cause we are irresponsible about climate have to dramatically accelerate the transi- question now—whether we will make the change, in the coming centuries, sea level tion that is already starting. We need to get transition in time to be able to do what we would rise somewhere over 100 to 200 feet. to a point where clean sources are gener- That’s why I flew last week to McMurdo have to do to prevent catastrophic damage. ating most of the world’s energy, and we Station in Antarctica to meet with our sci- Ladies and gentlemen, I’m not a Cas- need to get there fast. Certainly experts tell entists and to understand better what is tak- sandra. You can tell from what I’ve said. But us by the middle of this century we have to ing place. I flew by helicopter over the West I’m a realist. Time is not on our side. The get there. Antarctic Ice Sheet. I walked out onto the world is already changing at an increasingly Now, I’ve said many times, and I’ll say it Ross Sea ice shelf. And I talked with the sci- alarming rate with increasingly alarming again today: It is not going to be govern- entists who are on the front lines, not people consequences. The last time that Morocco ments alone, or even principally, that solve involved in day to day politics, but people hosted the COP was in 2001, and the inter- the climate challenge. The private sector is who are making scientific judgment and vening 15 years have been among the 16 hot- the most important player. And already we doing extensive research. And they were test years in recorded history. 2016 is going are seeing real solutions coming from entre- crystal clear: The more they learn, the more to be the warmest year of all. Every month preneurs and academia. It’s going to be alarmed they become about the speed with so far has broken a record. And this year will innovators, workers, and business leaders, which these changes are happening. A sci- contribute its record-breaking heat to the entist from New Zealand named Gavin Dun- many of whom have been hammering away hottest decade in recorded history, which bar described what they’re seeing there as at this challenge for years who are going to was, by the way, preceded by the second-hot- the quote, ‘‘canary in the coal mine’’ and continue to create the technological ad- test decade, which was preceded by the third warned that some thresholds, if we cross vances that forever revolutionize the way hottest decade. At some point, even the them, cannot be reversed. that we power our world. strongest skeptic has to acknowledge that In other words, we can’t wait too long to But make no mistake, government leader- something disturbing is happening. translate the science that we have today ship is absolutely essential. And because We have seen record-breaking droughts ev- into the policies that are necessary to ad- today is the last opportunity I will have to erywhere—from India to Brazil to the west dress this challenge. These scientists urged address the COP as Secretary of State, I just coast of the United States. Storms that used me to remind my own government and gov- want to take a moment to underscore the to happen once every 500 years are becoming ernments around the world and everyone work that government leaders can do and relatively normal. In recent years, an aver- here that what we do right now—today— should do, especially the 200—almost 200 na- age of 22.5 million people have been displaced matters, because if we don’t go far enough tions represented here. by extreme weather events annually. We and if we don’t go fast enough, the damage Now, we know that we have not come to never saw that in the 20th Century. we inflict could take centuries to undo—if it Marrakech to bask in the glow of Paris. Communities in island states like Fiji have can be undone at all. We’ve come here to move forward. In doing already been forced to take steps to relocate I underscore today: We don’t get a second so, we cannot forget that the contributions permanently, because the places they have chance. The consequences of failure would in we’ve each made thus far were never meant called home for generations are now un- most cases be irreversible. And if we lose to be the ceiling. They’re a foundation on inhabitable. And there are many, many more this moment for action, there’s no speech which we expect to build. And unless our na- who know it’s only a matter of time before decades from now that will put these mas- tions voluntarily ratchet up our ambition, rising oceans begin to inundate their cities. sive ice sheets back together. There’s no and unless we continue to put sustained I know this is a lot for anyone to process— magic wand in any capital in the world that pressure on one another to act wisely, we hard to process. That’s why I have found you can wave to refill all of the lakes and will have difficulty meeting the current that whenever possible, the best way to try rivers that will dry up, or make farm—arid mitigation needs, let alone holding tempera- to understand and to see whether people are farm land fertile again. And we certainly ture increases at 2 degrees warming, which pushing the envelope of thinking on this or won’t have the power to hold back rising science tells us is a tipping point. not is to see for oneself what is happening. tides as they encroach on our shores. So we And if we fall short, it will be the single That’s why this summer I went to Greenland have to get this right, and we have to get it greatest instance in modern history of a gen- to visit the incredible Jakobshavn glacier. right now. eration in a time of crisis abdicating respon- Scientists pointed out to me the lines many The scientists in Antarctica told me that sibility for the future. And it won’t just be a meters above the water today that mark the they are still trying to figure out how quick- policy failure; because of the nature of this glacier’s retreat which it has done more in ly this is all happening. But they know for challenge, it will be a moral failure, a be- the past 15 years than it did in the entire certain that it’s happening, and it’s hap- trayal of devastating consequence. previous century. And while I was there, I pening faster than we previously thought Now, I know not—that’s not what any of us boarded a Danish naval vessel and I traveled possible. The alarm bells ought to be going here signed up for. As Pope Francis said, through the ice fjord. I saw the massive ice off everywhere. As an American glacial geol- ‘‘We receive this world as an inheritance chunks that had just broken off from the ogist told me down there, a fellow by the from past generations, but also as a loan for glacier to melt inexorably into the sea. And name of John Stone, he said, ‘‘The cata- future generations, to whom we will have to because they come off Greenland, which is on strophic period could already be underway.’’ return it.’’ rock, every bit of that ice contributes to the That’s why wise public policy demands that Now, I fully recognize the challenges that rise of the ocean. we take precautionary measures now. a number of countries face because they have Since the 1990s, the painful pace of that Still, despite the real-life changes that are a big population, they have a growing econ- melting has nearly tripled. Every day, 86 being done and the threat of more to come, omy, they have a lot of people in poverty,

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:55 Dec 06, 2016 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G05DE6.032 S05DEPT1 rfrederick on DSKBCBPHB2PROD with SENATE December 5, 2016 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6705 they’re determined to maintain stability and tween now and 2040, the demand for elec- have the ability to prevent the worst im- pull those people into the economy. And of tricity in Southeast Asia is likely to triple— pacts of climate change. course, they’re concerned about stability— and the bulk of that demand is currently ex- But again, we’re forced to ask: Do we have we all are. Access to affordable energy is a pected to be met by growth—where? In the the collective will? Because our success is key part of providing that stability. And the coal-fired power sector, rather than clean en- not going to happen by accident. It won’t dirtiest sources of energy are, unfortunately, ergy. That threatens everything we’re trying happen without sustained commitment, some of the cheapest. But I emphasize this: to achieve here. without cooperation and creative thinking. Only in the short term. In the long term, it’s We literally cannot use one hand to pat And it won’t happen without confident inves- an entirely different story, folks. In the long ourselves on the back for what we’ve done to tors and innovative entrepreneurs. And it term, carbon-intensive energy is actually take steps to address climate change, and certainly won’t happen without leadership. today, right now, one of the costliest and then turn around and use the other hand to For those in power in all parts of the most foolhardy investments any nation can write a big fat check enabling the widespread world, including my own, who may be con- possibly make. And that is because the final development of the dirtiest source of fuel in fronted with decisions about which road to invoice for carbon-based energy includes a an outdated way. It just doesn’t make sense. take at this critical juncture, I ask you, on lot more than just the price of the oil or the That’s suicide. And that’s how we all lose behalf of billions of people around the world: coal, or the natural gas; it—or the price of this fight. Don’t take my word for it. Don’t take just building the power plant. The real cost ac- Make no mistake: People all over the the existence of this COP as the stamp of ap- counting needs to fully consider all of the world are working for victory in this. And proval for it. I ask you to see for yourselves. downstream consequences, which, in the case this issue is increasingly capturing the at- Do your own due diligence before making ir- of dirty fuels, are enough to at least double tention of citizens everywhere, and certainly revocable choices. or triple the initial expenses. the private sector. The private sector wel- Examine closely what it is that has per- That’s the kind of accounting that we need comed the signals that we sent in Paris, but suaded the Pope, presidents, and prime min- to do today. Just think about the price of en- they are demanding even stronger signals isters all over the world, leaders around the vironmental and agricultural degradation. now—the private sector—so that they can in- world, to take on the responsibility of re- Think about the loss of an ability of farmers vest clean energy solutions with even great- sponding to this threat. Talk to the business in one area because of the lack of water or er confidence. leaders of Fortune 500 companies and smaller too much heat to be able to grow their crops One of the strongest signals that govern- innovative companies, all of whom are eager today. Think of the hospital bills for asthma ment can send, one of the most powerful to invest in the energy markets of the fu- and emphysema patients, and the millions of ways to reduce emissions at the lowest pos- ture. Get the best economists’ judgment on deaths that are linked to air pollution sible course—cost—is to move toward carbon the risk of inaction, of what the cost would caused by the use of fossil fuels. pricing that puts basic, free-market econom- be to global economies, versus the opportuni- In 2014, a study found that up to six million ics to work in addressing this challenge. ties that are to be found in the clean energy people in China have black lung because they Now obviously, this is not a new idea. market of the future. Speak with the mili- lived and worked so close to coal-fired power Many have come to this conclusion already. tary leaders who view climate change as a plants. There are nearly 20 million new asth- The share of global emissions that are cov- global security concern, as a threat multi- ma cases a year in India linked to coal-re- ered by a carbon price has tripled over the plier. Ask farmers about—and fisherman lated air pollution, and in the United States, last decade. Last year, more than 1,000 busi- about the impact of dramatic changes in asthma costs taxpayers more than $55 billion nesses and investors—including sectors that weather patterns on their current ability to annually. The greatest cause of children might be surprising to some of you—all came make a living and to support their families being hospitalized in the summer in the together to voice their support for carbon or on what they see for the future. Listen to United States is environmentally induced pricing. The long list of supporters includes faith leaders talk about the moral responsi- asthma. These are real costs, and they need energy companies like BP, Royal Dutch bility that human beings have to act as to be added to the tally. Shell, utilities like PG&E, transportation stewards of the planet that we have to share, We also have to include the price tag of re- companies like British Airways, construc- the only planet we have. Bring in the activ- building after devastating storms and flood- tion firms like Cemex, financial institutions ists and civil society, groups who have ing. Just in the first three quarters of this like Deutsche Bank, like Swiss Re, and con- worked for years with communities all over year alone, extreme weather events have sumer goods corporations like Unilever and the world to raise awareness and to respond cost the United States—have cost American Nokia. These companies all believe that car- to this threat. Ask young people about their taxpayers $27 billion in damage. In August bon pricing will establish the necessary cer- alone, Louisiana experienced flooding that legitimate concerns for the planet that their tainty in the marketplace that helps the pri- resulted in roughly $10 billion worth of dam- children will inherit in reducing emissions vate sector to move the capital that helps to age. worldwide. So none of us can afford to be oblivious to solve the problem. And above all, consult with the scientists Carbon pricing allows citizens, innovators, these expenses, and these initial costs are in who have dedicated their entire lives to ex- and companies—it allows the market to reality just a glimpse of what the future panding our understanding of this challenge, make independent decisions free from the could hold in store for us if we fail to re- and whose work will be in vain unless we government to be able to best drive their spond. Just imagine: Sea barriers that have sound the alarm loud enough for everyone to emission reductions. And this is also, by the to be built. Go down to Miami—in south hear. No one has a right to make decisions Miami, they’re building—they’re raising way, the chief reason that carbon pricing has that affect billions of people based on solely streets to deal with flooding that’s already received support from leaders and econo- ideology or without proper input. occurring, building new storm drains and as- mists on both sides of the aisle in the United Anyone who has these conversations, who sessing people additional tax in order to do States of America. A price on carbon, cou- takes the time to learn from these experts, it. Massive increases in cost of maintaining pled with government support for innovation who gets the full picture of what we’re fac- infrastructure to control flooding, withstand in key sectors, is easily one of the most com- ing—I believe they can only come to one le- storms. Power outages. All of this and more pelling tools for the world to accelerate the gitimate decision, and that is to act boldly has to be added to any honest assessment of clean energy transformation that we are on climate change and encourage others to high-carbon energy sources. And in an age of working to achieve. Now, while it may be do the same. increasing transparency and public demand some time before we see this ideal outcome, Now, I want to acknowledge that since this for accountability, citizens in the long run the effort to improve carbon markets ought COP started, obviously, an election took will not accept phony accounting or an ob- to be a priority going forward. place in my country. And I know it has left fuscation of the consequences of the deci- The bottom line is that there are many some here and elsewhere feeling uncertain sions. tools at the world’s disposal. The COP itself about the future. I obviously understand So everyone needs to make smarter is an important tool, in a sense. It has be- that uncertainty. And while I can’t stand choices—with the long game, not the short come much more of a—much more than just here and speculate about what policies our game, in mind. a gathering of government officials. It’s real- president-elect will pursue, I will tell you Coal, unfortunately, is the single biggest ly a yearly summit, 25,000 people strong this this: In the time that I have spent in public contributor to global carbon pollution. It year from all over the world, for all sectors life, one of the things I have learned is that provides about 30 percent of the world’s en- to showcase their commitment to climate some issues look a little bit different when ergy, but it produces nearly 50 percent of the action and to discuss ways to expand shared you’re actually in office compared to when world’s greenhouse gases. The unprecedented efforts. It’s a regular reminder of exactly you’re on the campaign trail. investments that we are now seeing in clean how much this movement has grown—and And the truth is that climate change energy will mean very, very little if, at the how many people, in how many countries, shouldn’t be a partisan issue in the first same time, new coal fire plants without car- are committed to action. place. It isn’t a partisan issue for our mili- bon capture are coming online and at a rate Walking around the conference here before tary leaders at the Pentagon who call cli- dumping into the atmosphere more and more I was coming in here and seeing this site in mate change a threat multiplier. (Applause.) of the very pollution that we’re all working Marrakech, and seeing the delegations and It isn’t a partisan issue for those military so hard to reduce. the business leaders, the entrepreneurs and leaders because of the way that climate Some of these projections, I have to tell the activists who have traveled from near change exacerbates conflicts all over the you, are deeply troubling. For example, be- and far to be here, it’s abundantly clear we world and who view it as a threat to military

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:55 Dec 06, 2016 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G05DE6.032 S05DEPT1 rfrederick on DSKBCBPHB2PROD with SENATE S6706 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 5, 2016 readiness at their bases and could suffer the But to my surprise, people responded to Tobin’s leadership. His commitment to consequences of rising seas and stronger her presence that day, and since then so serving those in the greatest need and storms. It isn’t a partisan issue for our intel- many people have said to me, they’ve con- his tireless dedication to sharing the ligence community, who just this year re- veyed to me how that moment conveyed teachings of the Catholic Church with leased a report detailing the implications of something special and moved them. They climate change for U.S. national security: told me they thought of their own children, the people of central and southern Indi- threats to the stability of fragile nations, their own grandchildren. They thought of ana have benefited countless Hoosiers. heightened social and political tensions, ris- the future. They were reminded of the Pope Francis announced Archbishop ing food prices, increased risks to human stakes. Tobin’s selection as cardinal on Octo- health, and more. Ladies and gentlemen, here in Marrakech, ber 9, 2016, from the steps of St. Peter’s It isn’t a partisan issue for mayors from in the next hours, let us make clear to the Basilica in the Vatican. Less than a New Orleans to Miami, who are already world that we will always remember the month later, the Pope selected him to working hard to manage sunny-day floods stakes. Let us stand firm in support of the lead the archdiocese of Newark, NJ, and stronger storm surges caused by climate goals that we set in Paris and recommit our- change. It isn’t partisan for liberal and con- which serves 1.5 million Catholics and selves to double our efforts to meet them. is among the 10 largest dioceses in the servative business leaders alike who are in- Let us say that when it comes to climate vesting unprecedented amounts of money change, we will commit not just to doing our country. into renewables, voluntarily committing to best, but as Winston Churchill admonished, Outside of the church, Cardinal Tobin reduce their own emissions, and even holding we will do what is required. has dedicated himself to various orga- their supply chains accountable to their I look forward to working with you in this nizations including the Canon Law So- overall carbon footprint. important work for whatever number of ciety of America and the North Amer- And there’s nothing partisan about climate years ahead I have a chance to. Thank you. ican Orthodox-Catholic Theological change for the world scientists who are near unanimous in their conclusion that climate f Consultation. He also is a member of United States Conference of Catholic change is real, it is happening, human beings TRIBUTE TO CARDINAL JOSEPH for the most part are causing it, and we will Bishops, USCCB, subcommittee on the have increasing catastrophic impacts on our WILLIAM TOBIN Church in Africa and a consultant to way of life if we don’t take the dramatic Mr. DONNELLY. Mr. President, the committee on ecumenical and steps necessary to reduce the carbon foot- today I wish to recognize Archbishop interreligious affairs. print of our civilization. Joseph William Tobin of Indianapolis On behalf of Hoosiers, I congratulate Now, whether we are able to meet this mo- Cardinal Tobin and thank him for ment is a big test—probably as big a test of on his recent elevation to cardinal by courage and vision as you’ll ever find. Every Pope Francis and for his extraordinary blessing us with his leadership. Let us nation has a responsibility to do its part if service to Indiana. As a leader in our honor Cardinal Tobin for his selfless we are going to pass that test—and only State, Cardinal Tobin has dem- commitment to serving his fellow citi- those nations who step up and respond to onstrated his lifelong, faith-filled com- zens of the world and steadfast efforts this threat can legitimately lay claim to a mitment to serving others and giving a to make Indiana and the world a better mantle of global leadership. That’s a fact. place. More than his love of Marrakech, Winston voice to the voiceless. Churchill was known for his hard-nosed in- Born in Detroit, MI, Cardinal Tobin f sight and the way that he expressed it. He is the eldest of Joseph W. Tobin and TRIBUTE TO LIEUTENANT once argued, tellingly: ‘‘It’s not always Marie Terese Kerwin’s 13 children. COLONEL WADE E. WIEGEL enough that we do our best; sometimes we From an early age, it was apparent to have to do what is required.’’ his family that he was intellectually Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I We know today what is required. And with and spiritually gifted and wanted to would like to take a moment to recog- all of the real-world evidence, with all of the nize Lt. Col. Wade E. Wiegel for his 22 peer-reviewed science, with all of the plain use those talents by becoming a priest. Cardinal Tobin’s family instilled in years of service in the U.S. Marine just old common sense, there isn’t anyone Corps. Wade is a native of Iowa, and I him the importance of faith and fam- who can credibly argue otherwise. So we am proud to say that I nominated him have to continue this fight, my friends. We ily, and he pursued the priesthood with for the U.S. Naval Academy in 1990. In have to continue to defy expectations. We purpose and determination. He re- May 1994, he earned a bachelor of have to continue to accelerate the global ceived a bachelor of arts in philosophy science degree in mechanical engineer- transition to a clean energy economy. And from Holy Redeemer College in Water- we have to continue to hold one another ac- ing and reported to the Marine Corps’ ford, WI, and a masters in religious countable for the choices that our nations The Basic School. From there he com- education, as well as a masters in di- makes. pleted flight training and was des- vinity from Mount Saint Alphonsus Earlier this year, on Earth Day, I had the ignated a naval aviator in March 1997. great privilege of signing the Paris Agree- Seminary in Esopus, NY. He deployed aboard the USS Enterprise ment on behalf of President Obama and the Cardinal Tobin professed first vows United States. It was a special day. And be- in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom as a Redemptorist missionary on Au- and Operation Enduring Freedom. cause my daughter lives in New York, I in- gust 5, 1973, and he was ordained to the vited her to join me at the UN. She surprised Wade later served as the commanding me by bringing my 2-year-old granddaughter, priesthood on June 1, 1978. Over the officer for the VMFA–122 ‘‘Crusaders’’ Isabelle, along as well. next 12 years, Cardinal Tobin served and forward deployed the squadron for And that morning, I had been thinking communities in the Midwest, including 6 months into the Pacific Theater in about the history that had brought us to in his hometown of Detroit and in Chi- support of theater security cooperation that day. I thought about the first Earth cago. He then was elected general activities with Japan, South Korea, Day in 1970 that I mentioned earlier, when I consultor to the Superior General of joined with millions of Americans in teach- and the Philippines. After graduating ins to educate the public about the environ- the Redemptorists and moved to Rome, from the National War College, he mental challenges we faced. I thought about Italy. During his 21 years in Italy, he served as a military adviser in the Of- the first UN climate conference in Rio, was recognized for his efforts to pro- fice of the Under Secretary of Defense which is actually where I met my wife Te- mote dialogue and resolve tensions be- for Policy. Most recently, Wade has resa, and I thought of the urgency that we tween the Vatican and U.S. nuns. He served in the Office of Legislative Af- all felt way back then in 1992. And of course, was elected and reelected as superior fairs as a congressional affairs officer. I thought about that December night at Le general and later named archbishop by Bourget, when it seemed—for the first time— His personal decorations include the that the world had finally found the path Pope Benedict XVI, as well as sec- Defense Meritorious Service Medal, forward. retary of the Congregation for Insti- Meritorious Service Medal with Gold But as I sat and I played with my grand- tutes of Consecrated Life and Societies Star, the Navy and Marine Corps Com- daughter, waiting for my turn to go out and of Apostolic Life on August 2, 2010. mendation Medal, and the Navy and sign the Agreement, I thought, not of the Soon thereafter, he was ordained to the Marine Corps Achievement Medal with past, but I thought of the future. Her future. episcopacy on October 9, 2010, and ap- Gold Star. The world her children would one day in- proximately 2 years later, he was As he prepares to retire from the Ma- herit. And when it was time for me to go up on named Metropolitan Archbishop of In- rine Corps, I would like to take this op- that stage, I scooped her up and I brought dianapolis. portunity to thank him for his service her out with me. I wanted to share that mo- For 4 years, the Indianapolis arch- to our country and to wish him well in ment with her. And I’ll never forget it. diocese benefited greatly from Cardinal his future endeavors.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:31 Dec 06, 2016 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G05DE6.032 S05DEPT1 rfrederick on DSKBCBPHB2PROD with SENATE