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Sara Mills' Critical Discourse Analysis on Two News SARA MILLS’ CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON TWO NEWS ARTICLES ABOUT SAHAR GUL A Thesis Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Required for Degree Strata One (S1) NABILA NIM. 109026000063 ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2016 ABSTRACT Nabila.Sara Mills’ Critical Discourse Analysis On Two News Articles About Sahar Gul.A Thesis: English Letters Department, Adab and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University “Syarif Hidayatullah” Jakarta, 2016. This research analyzes two news articles about Sahar Gul, a girl from Afghan that get tourtured by her husband’s family. This research methodology is qualitative method that is written by descriptive analysis. The writer focuses on representation actors by the writer on articles by using Sara Mills’ critical discourse analysis theory. Firstly the writer analyzes about the position of subject, object, and position of reader in each articles and the ideology of writer. The unit of analysis in this research are the article from www.nytimes.com written by male and www.thedailybest.com written by female. In this research the writer finds out the result that shows the different motives in the each articles with different gender of writer. The male journalist give the marginal position of object and the female journalist give position of subject mostly from female character that againts a justice. The positon of reader also had differences perception from the reader. The journalist also give different ideology in their article. Keywords :Critical discourse analysis, Sara Mills’ theory, representation, position of subject, position of object, position of reader, ideology, gender i ii iii DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. Jakarta, November 2016 Nabila iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of Allah, the most Gracious and the most Merciful All praises be to Allah SWT, the Lord of Universe for all strenghts and His blessing in completing this thesis. Peace and Salutation be upon the greatest prophet Muhammad SAW, his family, companions and adherents, who had changed the world from the darkness into the lightness. This paper is presented to English Letters Department of Letters and Humanities faculty UIN of Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta as partial fulfillment of the requirement for strata one degree. The writer would like to express the highest gratitude to her family; her greatest parents mom, Sri Buniarsih and dad, M. Zar’an for their love and support throughout her life. Thank you for giving her strenght and always believing her in all of her pursuit. Her sisterand brother who giving spirit and motivation to her. The writer cannot fail to mention his advisor Dr. M. Farkhan, M.pd for his kidness, time, guideance and contributions on finishing this paper. Thank for all of his advices that have been given to me, and may Allah SWT bless his and his family. The writer also would like to convey his sincere gratitude particularly to: 1. Prof. Dr. Sukron Kamil, MA, the Dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University. v 2. Drs. Saefuddin, M. Pd, the Head of English Letters Department. 3. Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum, the Vice Secretary of the English Letters Department. 4. All lectures of English Letters Departement, who have taught and educated her during her studies in campus. 5. All her friends, the students of 2009, especially Dhea, Sri, Egha,Ninu, Kiki, Hima, Satya, Heri, Anam, Rama, Gorby for giving herhelp and great support during the process of making this thesis. Special thanks to Chris Kurniawan and his family that always support, giving his time, accompany and help her until finished this thesis. 6. All of her beloved friends “curut-curut”, Nia, Nenden, Desi, Iis, Nurul, Ojan, Sapta for always giving laughs, joy, advice and sorrow. 7. And all people who helped the writer to finish this thesis that cannot be mentioned one by one. Thank you for their kindness. May Allah bless for the success. Jakarta, November 2016 The writer vi TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... i APPROVEMENT ............................................................................................. ii LEGALITATION ............................................................................................. iii DECLARATION ............................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................ v TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................... vi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of Research ........................................... 1 B. Focus of Research ..................................................... 5 C. Research Questions ................................................... 5 D. Significance of Research ........................................... 6 E. The Methodology ..................................................... 6 1. Objectives of Research ...................................... 6 2. Method of Research .......................................... 6 3. Technique of Data Analysis ............................... 6 4. Instrument of study ............................................ 7 5. Unit of Analysis ................................................ 7 6. Time and Place of Research .............................. 8 CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK A. Previous Studies ....................................................... 9 B. Mass Media .............................................................. 10 vii C. Meaning of Discourse . ............................................. 11 D. Meaning of Discourse analysis ................................ 12 E. Sara Mills’s Critical Discourse Analysis ................ 13 1. Position of Subject and Object ........................... 14 2. Position of Reader ............................................... 16 F. Ideology .................................................................... 18 CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS A. Data Description ....................................................... 21 B. Data Analysis ............................................................ 21 1. Text 1. Wed and Tortured at 13, Afghan Girl Finds Rare Justice by Graham Bowley ............... 21 2. Text 2. Sahar Gul Torture Case Shows Limited Rights, Perilous Lives of Afghan Woman by Gayle Tzemach Lemm ..................... 28 C. Ideology ................................................................... 34 CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion ................................................................ 36 B. Suggestion ................................................................ 37 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 38 APPENDIXES .................................................................................................. 41 viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of Research Humans are social creatures who need each other. Social creatures mean creatures that have a social and environmental activities, including interacting with each other in exchanging information. People use language as a communication tool to interaction. Language can be used in two ways, spoken and written. In the spoken language, language is that speaker speech. We can find the standard spoken language, for example, when people giving a speech, in a lecture situation, lectures and informal spoken language, for example, in a conversation between friends, in the market, or in other opportunities. Written language is a language that is written or printed. On the language usually consists of some opinion or story in the form of text discourse. According Kridalaksana discourse is a unit of language complete, the grammatical hierarchy is the highest or greatest grammatical unit.1Previously, we find written language in books, novels, or the mass media such as magazines and newspapers. In this era of the global,people can receive information from a variety of sources,the one of them is mass media. The mass media is one of devices in the processing of mass communication, because the mass media is able to reach a wider audience 1Harimurti Kridalaksana. Kamus Linguistik (Jakarta: Gramedia, 1993), P. 231 1 2 and a relatively larger, heterogeneous, the message is abstract and dispersed. Mass media in the study of mass communication that often understood as the devices are organized to communicate openly and in a situation that is to a wide audience in a relatively short time.2 News or information obtained in a society can be understood in many ways. One of them is through the print media, such as newspapers, magazines, or electronic media (online). Now days online media is one tool that is used by the journalism to produce and distribute a news quickly through to the internet. Online media have same concept like the other mass media, written by journalists with the thoughts expressed in an article which will read by the public. This is due to the fact that the
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