DOCSLIB.ORG

Rescuing the Women of Afghanistan: Gender, Agency and the Politics of Intelligibility

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rescuing the Women of Afghanistan: Gender, Agency and the Politics of Intelligibility Rescuing the Women of Afghanistan: Gender, Agency and the Politics of Intelligibility A Thesis Submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Social Science in the Faculty of Humanities 2011 Thomas A. Gregory School of Social Sciences Contents Pages Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... 4 Declaration ................................................................................................................................... 5 Copyright Statement ................................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... 6 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 9 Chapter Breakdown .............................................................................................................. 13 A Note on Methodology ...................................................................................................... 17 1 Symbols of Helplessness: Afghan Women and the Narrative of Rescue ................. 27 1.1 The Bush Administration’s Narratives of Rescue ...................................................... 29 1.2 The Mainstream Media and the Justifications for War ............................................. 35 1.3 Imperial Feminisms and the Appropriation of Women’s Rights ............................ 42 1.4 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 49 2 (Mis-)Representing Afghanistan: An Aberration in Time and Space ........................ 51 2.1 An Aberration in Afghan History ................................................................................ 52 2.2. An Aberration in the Modern World .......................................................................... 60 2.3 A Mirror of the World ................................................................................................... 67 2.4 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 75 3 The Protector/Protected Dichotomy: Feminist Responses to the “War on/of Terror” ........................................................................................................................................ 77 3.1 Feminism and the “War of/on Terror” ...................................................................... 79 3.2 Feminist Responses to the War in Afghanistan ......................................................... 87 3.3. The Limitations of the Protector/Protected Dichotomy ........................................ 94 3.4 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 102 4 Performative Subjects: Judith Butler, Normative Violence and the Politics of Intelligibility .............................................................................................................................. 105 4.1 Performativity and the Subject ................................................................................... 106 4.2 Normative Violence and the Politics of Subversion ............................................... 112 4.3 Vulnerable Subjects and the Ethics of Responsibility ............................................. 120 4.4 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 128 5 The Limits of the Audible: Afghan Women as Speaking Subjects .......................... 130 5.1 Women and the Bonn Process ................................................................................... 132 2 5.2 The Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan ............................ 140 5.3 Can the Subaltern Speak? ............................................................................................ 147 5.4 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 155 6 Afghan Women and the Resistance to Taliban Rule ................................................. 157 6.1 Agency and Resistance ................................................................................................. 158 6.2 Romanticising Resistance ............................................................................................ 165 6.3 Rethinking Agency ....................................................................................................... 173 6.4 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 182 Conclusion................................................................................................................................ 185 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................. 197 Word Count: 80,306 3 Abstract Rescuing the Women of Afghanistan: Gender, Agency and the Politics of Intelligibility A Thesis Submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Social Science in the Faculty of Humanities 2011 Thomas A. Gregory School of Social Sciences The purpose of this thesis is to examine the performances of gender that permeated the justifications for Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan, focusing on the representational practices that dominated the Bush administration’s narratives of rescue and circumscribed our understanding of the actors involved. In particular, I will argue that the image of Afghan women as the helpless victim of Taliban oppression not only allowed the United States and its coalition allies to cast themselves as heroic masculine warriors but also helped to reinforce the idea that Afghan women were little more than mere symbols of helplessness, placing them in a position of absolute inferiority and dependency. Crucially, I will claim that this image of Afghan women as the passive prisoners of the Taliban was contingent upon the suppression of a series of alternative perspectives that could not be accommodated within the parameters established by the prevailing frames of war. On the one hand, I argue that the dominant representations of Afghan women tended to show them in decidedly monolithic and one-dimensional terms, with the Bush administration and its coalition allies defining them almost entirely by the suffering they experienced. Absent from these accounts, however, was any mention of women’s resistance to Taliban rule or their criticisms of the military intervention. On the other hand, I will show how the international community relied upon a particular historical narrative that allowed them to present Afghanistan as a barbaric aberration in the modern world whilst allowing them to dismiss the period of Taliban rule as a terrifying oddity in the country’s history, destroying many of the freedoms that were said to exist under previous regimes. As well as ignoring the myriad of interactions between Afghanistan and the outside world and the complex social, economic and political forces that helped to precipitate the rise of the Taliban, I will argue that this historical narrative reinforced the idea that the lives of Afghan women were in a state of suspense during this period, their very existence as human beings held in abeyance until coalition troops could intervene to redeem them. What distinguishes my argument from the work of other feminists is my attention to the way in which these representational practices are contingent upon an uneasy process of repetition and reiteration, leaving them vulnerable to the possibility for subversion and resignification. Drawing on Judith Butler’s work on performativity, normative violence and the politics of intelligibility along with Gayatri C. Spivak’s work on the subaltern subject, I show how the activities of organisations such as the Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA) and the voices of individuals such as Malalai Joya help to expose the limits of the dominant norms of intelligibility, opening up the possibility for a less violent and less exclusionary re-imagining. 4 Declaration No portion of the work referred to in this thesis has been submitted in support of an application for another degree or qualification of this or any other university or other institute of learning. Copyright Statement i. The author of this thesis (including any appendices and/or schedules to this thesis) owns certain copyright or related rights in it (the “Copyright”) and s/he has given The University of Manchester certain rights to use such Copyright, including for administrative purposes. ii. Copies of this thesis, either in full or in extracts and whether in hard or electronic copy, may be made only in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (as amended) and regulations issued under it or, where appropriate, in accordance with licensing agreements which the University has from time to time. This page must form part of any such copies made. iii. The ownership of certain Copyright, patents,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Celebration and Rescue: Mass Media Portrayals of Malala Yousafzai As Muslim Woman Activist
    Celebration and Rescue: Mass Media Portrayals of Malala Yousafzai as Muslim Woman Activist A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Drexel University by Wajeeha Ameen Choudhary in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 2016 ii iii Dedication To Allah – my life is a culmination of prayers fulfilled iv Acknowledgements This dissertation would not have possible without the love and support of my parents Shoukat and Zaheera Choudhary, my husband Ahmad Malik, and my siblings Zaheer Choudhary, Aleem Choudhary, and Sumera Ahmad – all of whom weathered the many highs and lows of the thesis process. They are my shoulder to lean on and the first to share in the accomplishments they helped me achieve. My dissertation committee: Dr. Brent Luvaas and Dr. Ernest Hakanen for their continued support and feedback; Dr. Evelyn Alsultany for her direction and enthusiasm from many miles away; and Dr. Alison Novak for her encouragement and friendship. Finally, my advisor and committee chair Dr. Rachel R. Reynolds whose unfailing guidance and faith in my ability shaped me into the scholar I am today. v Table of Contents ABSTRACT ……………………..........................................................................................................vii 1. INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW...………….……………………………………1 1.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………...1 1.1.1 Brief Profile of Malala Yousafzai ……….………...…………...………………………………...4 1.2 Literature Review ………………………………………………………………………………….4 1.2.1 Visuality, Reading Visual
    [Show full text]
  • Gender and the Violence(S) of War and Armed Conflict EMERALD STUDIES in CRIMINOLOGY, FEMINISM and SOCIAL CHANGE
    Gender and the Violence(s) of War and Armed Conflict EMERALD STUDIES IN CRIMINOLOGY, FEMINISM AND SOCIAL CHANGE Series Editors Sandra Walklate, School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Australia. Kate Fitz-Gibbon, School of Social Sciences at Monash University and Monash Gender and Family Violence Prevention Centre, Australia. Jude McCulloch, Monash University and Monash Gender and Family Violence Prevention Centre, Australia. JaneMaree Maher, Centre for Women’s Studies and Gender Research, Sociology, Monash University, Australia. Emerald Studies in Criminology, Feminism and Social Change offers a platform for innovative, engaged, and forward-looking feminist-informed work to explore the interconnections between social change and the capacity of criminology to grap- ple with the implications of such change. Social change, whether as a result of the movement of peoples, the impact of new technologies, the potential consequences of climate change, or more commonly identified features of changing societies, such as ageing populations, inter-genera- tional conflict, the changing nature of work, increasing awareness of the problem of gendered violence(s), and/or changing economic and political context, takes its toll across the globe in infinitely more nuanced and inter-connected ways than previously imagined. Each of these connections carry implications for what is understood as crime, the criminal, the victim of crime and the capacity of criminology as a disci- pline to make sense of these evolving interconnections. Feminist analysis, despite its contentious relationship with the discipline of criminology, has much to offer in strengthening the discipline to better understand the complexity of the world in the twenty-first century and to scan the horizon for emerging, possible or likely futures.
    [Show full text]
  • Question of Gender
    Gender • Cultura-l Studies Butler a- n d “a- rema-rka-ble collection enga-ging with the work of one Weed of the most rema-rka-ble thinkers of our time.” —Bonnie Smith, Rutgers University “This richly stimula-ting book . demonstra-tes in ka-leido- scopic deta-il how feminist thought ha-s come of a-ge.” The —Leonore Davidoff, University of Essex The A generation after the publication of Joan W. Scott’s influential essay, “Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis,” this volume explores the current uses of the term—and Question the ongoing influence of Scott’s agenda-setting work in history and other disciplines. How has the study of gender, independently or in conjunction with other axes of difference— Question of Gender such as race, class, and sexuality—inflected existing fields of study and created new ones? To what extent has this concept modified or been modified by related paradigms such as women’s and queer studies? With what discursive politics does the term engage, and with of Gender what effects? In what settings, and through what kinds of operations and transforma- tions, can gender remain a useful category in the twenty-first century? Leading scholars from history, philosophy, literature, art history, and other fields examine how gender has translated into their own disciplinary perspectives. Joa-n W. Scott’s Contributors Janis Bergman-Carton Éric Fassin Elora Shehabuddin Critica-l Feminism Wendy Brown Lynne Huffer Mary D. Sheriff Judith Butler Mary Louise Roberts Mrinalini Sinha Miguel A. Cabrera Gayle Salamon Elizabeth Weed Mary Ann Doane JUDITH BUTLER is Maxine Elliot Professor in the Departments of Rhetoric and Com- parative Literature and Co-director of the Program of Critical Theory at the University of California, Berkeley.
    [Show full text]
  • The Exercise of Afghan Women's Agency for Peace in Post-Conflict
    Obstacles within the International Community: The Exercise of Afghan Women’s Agency for Peace in Post-Conflict Reconstruction by Stephanie W. Hampton Ultimately…women must be involved in the peace process not only because they suffer disproportionately, or because they have previously been excluded, but because their contribution to the world is invaluable. —Felicity Hall and Mikele Aboitiz1 Under the Taliban’s draconian interpretation of Shari’a law, Afghan women were forced from public life and publicly executed for minor infractions. Yet, in just over two years since the Taliban fell, the women of Afghanistan have entered the political arena and successfully pressed for specific language in the Afghan constitution enshrining women’s rights as human rights. From being the most oppressed women in the world to enjoying the promise of more seats in Parliament than many Western nations, Afghan women have clearly made gigantic strides in their quest for peace and security. Their remarkable progress, however, is overshadowed by the current unstable security situation in Afghanistan and the lack of international political and military assistance which are needed to consolidate the successes that the Afghan women have realized. How has this seemingly rapid transformation of Afghan women occurred? The answer may partially lie in the concept of development as freedom put forth by Amartya Sen in his 1999 book, Development as Freedom.2 He proffers a new paradigm which includes not only GDP data, but human development factors, such as Infant Mortality Rates (IMR) and literacy rates, to determine a nation’s level of development in terms of sustainable development.
    [Show full text]
  • REPSOL YPF Argentina
    Buenos Aires, 2000 XI REPSOL YPF-HARVARD SEMINAR HARVARD UNIVERSITY JOHN F. KENNEDY SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA DECEMBER 2000 ENERGY POLICIES AND MARKETS: NEW TRENDS OR OLD CYCLES? WILLIAM W. HOGAN BIJAN MOSSAVAR-RAHMANI EDITORS THE REPSOL YPF-HARVARD SEMINAR SERIES JOHN F. KENNEDY SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT HARVARD UNIVERSITY 79 JFK Street Cambridge, MA 02138 USA REPSOL YPF Paseo de la Castellana 278 28046 Madrid, Spain FUNDACIÓN REPSOL Juan Bravo 3B 28006 Madrid, Spain ISBN: [TO BE ADDED] Depósito legal: [to be added] Copyright 2001© FUNDACIÓN REPSOL Servicio de Publicaciones CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................v EDITORS’ NOTE .................................................................................ix OPENING SESSION WELCOME MR. ALFONSO CORTINA ........................................................3 «ARGENTINA’S ECONOMY IN THE NEW CENTURY» THE HONORABLE JOSÉ LUIS MACHINEA ...................................11 KEYNOTE ADDRESS «LIBERALIZATION AND THE ECONOMY IN LATIN AMERICA» THE HONORABLE DOMINGO F. C AVALLO .................................17 SESSION I OIL INTRODUCTORY REMARKS MR. BIJAN MOSSAVAR-RAHMANI ..........................................29 «PERSPECTIVES ON THE INTERNATIONAL OIL MARKET» MR. ADRIÁN LAJOUS ..........................................................33 «POLITICS AND OIL» MR. RICHARD PERLE...........................................................43 «FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS ON THE PRICE OF OIL» THE HONORABLE HUMBERTO CALDERÓN
    [Show full text]
  • Eman Ahmed Khamas Dra. Felicity Hand
    Doctoral Thesis Eman Ahmed Khamas Departament de Filologia Anglesa i Germanística Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Doctorat en Filologia Anglesa Barcelona 2013 Director Dra. Felicity Hand 1 Between patriarch and imperialism, subject-constitution and object- formation, the figure of the woman disappears, not into a pristine nothingness, but into a violent shuttling which is the displaced figuration of the ‗third-world woman‘ caught between tradition and modernization…Imperialism‘s image as the establisher of the good society is marked by the espousal of the woman as object of protection from her own kind. Spivak, ‗Can the Subaltern Speak?‘ 2 Abbreviations CDA: Critical Discourse Analysis CTS: Critical Terrorism Studies ME: The Middle East/ Middle Eastern WOT: The War on Terrorism WTC: World Trade Center 3 Table of Contents Acknowledgements 5 I- Introduction 7 II- Theoretical Framework 17 PART ONE III- The Discourse of War on Terrorism: Critical Overview Conceptual Confusion 35 Definitions 44 War on Terrorism 50 The Metaphor of Terrorism as War 58 Writing the Terrorist Identity 63 IV- In Her Name: Targeting Woman in the Middle East Evolution of a Discourse 67 Conceptual and Contextual Frame 86 Orientalism / Neo-Orientalism 99 ME Women in the Neo-Orientalist discourse of WOT 112 Anti-WOT Feminism 135 V- The Mitigating Effect of Soft Power / Case Study: Iraqi Women 141 4 PART TWO VI- The Evolution of an Image Representations of Middle Eastern Women 183 in Anglo-American Narratives: Critical Overview VII- The Victim’s ‘Authentic’ Voice 262 Azar Nefisi Reading Lolita in Tehran & Things I’ve Been Silent About Khali Hosseini The Kite Runner & A Thousand Splendid Suns 309 VIII- Anglo-American Literary Representations of ME Women 313 Ian McEwan Saturday 313 Richard Zimler The Search for Sana 335 John Updike Terrorist 352 IX – Conclusions 368 Bibliography 380 5 Acknowledgements I would like first to thank Qusai Aneed Sultan for making this dissertation possible at all.
    [Show full text]
  • Round 18 - Tossups
    NSC 2019 - Round 18 - Tossups 1. The only two breeds of these animals that have woolly coats are the Hungarian Mangalica ("man-gahl-EE-tsa"), and the extinct Lincolnshire Curly breed. Fringe scientist Eugene McCarthy posits ​ that humans evolved from a chimp interbreeding with one of these animals, whose bladders were once used to store paint and to make rugby balls. One of these animals was detained along with the Chicago Seven after (*) Yippies nominated it for President at the 1968 DNC. A pungent odor found in this animal's ​ testes is synthesized by truffles, so these animals are often used to hunt for them. Zhu Bajie resembles this animal in the novel Journey to the West. Foods made from this animal include rinds and carnitas. For 10 points, ​ ​ ​ ​ name these animals often raised in sties. ANSWER: pigs [accept boars or swine or hogs or Sus; accept domestic pigs; accept Pigasus the Immortal] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ <Jose, Other - Other Academic and General Knowledge> 2. British explorer Alexander Burnes was killed by a mob in this country's capital, supposedly for his womanizing. In this country, Malalai legendarily rallied troops at the Battle of Maiwand against a foreign army. Dr. William Brydon was the only person to survive the retreat of Elphinstone's army during a war where Shah Shuja was temporarily placed on the throne of this country. The modern founder of this country was a former commander under Nader Shah named (*) Ahmad Shah Durrani. This ​ country was separated from British holdings by the Durand line, which separated its majority Pashtun population from the British-controlled city of Peshawar.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Digital Cultures: Perspectives from South Asia
    Revised Pages Global Digital Cultures Revised Pages Revised Pages Global Digital Cultures Perspectives from South Asia ASWIN PUNATHAMBEKAR AND SRIRAM MOHAN, EDITORS UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PRESS • ANN ARBOR Revised Pages Copyright © 2019 by Aswin Punathambekar and Sriram Mohan All rights reserved This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publisher. Published in the United States of America by the University of Michigan Press Manufactured in the United States of America Printed on acid- free paper First published June 2019 A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication data has been applied for. ISBN: 978- 0- 472- 13140- 2 (Hardcover : alk paper) ISBN: 978- 0- 472- 12531- 9 (ebook) Revised Pages Acknowledgments The idea for this book emerged from conversations that took place among some of the authors at a conference on “Digital South Asia” at the Univer- sity of Michigan’s Center for South Asian Studies. At the conference, there was a collective recognition of the unfolding impact of digitalization on various aspects of social, cultural, and political life in South Asia. We had a keen sense of how much things had changed in the South Asian mediascape since the introduction of cable and satellite television in the late 1980s and early 1990s. We were also aware of the growing interest in media studies within South Asian studies, and hoped that the conference would resonate with scholars from various disciplines across the humanities and social sci- ences.
    [Show full text]
  • Hajji Din Mohammad Biography
    Program for Culture & Conflict Studies www.nps.edu/programs/ccs Hajji Din Mohammad Biography Hajji Din Mohammad, a former mujahedin fighter from the Khalis faction of Hezb-e Islami, became governor of the eastern province of Nangarhar after the assassination of his brother, Hajji Abdul Qadir, in July 2002. He is also the brother of slain commander Abdul Haq. He is currently serving as the provincial governor of Kabul Province. Hajji Din Mohammad’s great-grandfather, Wazir Arsala Khan, served as Foreign Minister of Afghanistan in 1869. One of Arsala Khan's descendents, Taj Mohammad Khan, was a general at the Battle of Maiwand where a British regiment was decimated by Afghan combatants. Another descendent, Abdul Jabbar Khan, was Afghanistan’s first ambassador to Russia. Hajji Din Mohammad’s father, Amanullah Khan Jabbarkhel, served as a district administer in various parts of the country. Two of his uncles, Mohammad Rafiq Khan Jabbarkhel and Hajji Zaman Khan Jabbarkhel, were members of the 7th session of the Afghan Parliament. Hajji Din Mohammad’s brothers Abdul Haq and Hajji Abdul Qadir were Mujahedin commanders who fought against the forces of the USSR during the Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan from 1980 through 1989. In 2001, Abdul Haq was captured and executed by the Taliban. Hajji Abdul Qadir served as a Governor of Nangarhar Province after the Soviet Occupation and was credited with maintaining peace in the province during the years of civil conflict that followed the Soviet withdrawal. Hajji Abdul Qadir served as a Vice President in the newly formed post-Taliban government of Hamid Karzai, but was assassinated by unknown assailants in 2002.
    [Show full text]
  • Women and Conflict in Afghanistan
    Women and Conflict in Afghanistan Asia Report N°252 | 14 October 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Decades of Civil War ........................................................................................................ 2 A. The Anti-Soviet Jihad ................................................................................................ 2 B. The Taliban’s Gender Apartheid ................................................................................ 4 III. Post-2001 Gains ............................................................................................................... 7 A. Constitutional Guarantees and Electoral Rights ....................................................... 7 B. Institutional Equality, Protection and Development ................................................ 9 IV. Two Steps Forward, One Step Back ................................................................................. 13 A. Political Empowerment and Electoral Gains............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Victims of History and Culture: Women in the Novels of Khaled Hosseini and Siba Shakib
    VICTIMS OF HISTORY AND CULTURE: WOMEN IN THE NOVELS OF KHALED HOSSEINI AND SIBA SHAKIB ABSTRACT THESIS V : SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF IN t ENGLISH j^ BY JAMSHEED AHMAD T7880 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF Dr. Aysha Munira Rasheed DEPftRTMKNT OF ENGblSH ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY AUGARH -202002 (INDIA) 2012 T7880 Abstract The thesis entitled "Victimsof History and Culture: Women in the Novels of Khaled Hosseini and Siba Shakib" has been chapterised into four chapters. It attempts to discuss the victimization of women characters in the hands of history and culture. Women and History Though the novels concerned are not historical in the strict sense of the word, the title of the thesis demands a parallel study of literary (the novels) and non-literary (the history of the country) texts. Both the novelists have drawn in abundance from the historical happenings of Afghanistan. The unstable political history of Afghanistan which had been marked by power struggles, armed revolts and mass uprisings had a direct bearing on the social fabric of this multi-ethnic country which is well mirrored in the novels. History of Afghanistan stands a testimony to the fact that the issues related to women have always been one of the various reasons for unstable polity. A cursory examination of history reveals that at various junctures in the history, the issues related to women have been among the reasons behind the fall of various regimes. Afghanistan is a country with deep patriarchal roots and a tribal-based family structure. In Afghanistan, family is at the heart of the society.
    [Show full text]
  • FORM 20-F YPF Sociedad Anónima
    UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 20-F ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010 Commission file number: 1-12102 YPF Sociedad Ano´nima (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Republic of Argentina (Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) Macacha Gu¨emes 515 C1106BKK Ciudad Auto´noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina (Address of principal executive offices) A´ ngel Ramos Sa´nchez Tel: (011-54-11) 5441-0970 Facsimile Number: (011-54-11) 5441-0232 Macacha Gu¨emes 515 C1106BKK Ciudad Auto´noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina (Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person) Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Name of Each Exchange Title of Each Class on Which Registered American Depositary Shares, each representing one Class D Share, par value 10 pesos per share New York Stock Exchange Class D Shares............................................................................................................................. New York Stock Exchange* * Listed not for trading but only in connection with the registration of American Depositary Shares. Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None The number of outstanding shares of each class of stock of YPF Sociedad Ano´nima as of December 31, 2010 was: Class A Shares...................................................................... 3,764 Class B Shares...................................................................... 7,624 Class C Shares...................................................................... 40,422 Class D Shares ....................................................................
    [Show full text]