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Afghanistan: the Consolidation of a Rogue State Zalmay Khalilzad, Daniel Byman
Afghanistan: The Consolidation of a Rogue State Zalmay Khalilzad, Daniel Byman The Washington Quarterly, Volume 23, Number 1, Winter 2000, pp. 65-78 (Article) Published by The MIT Press For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/36511 [ This content has been declared free to read by the pubisher during the COVID-19 pandemic. ] Zalmay Khalilzad and Daniel Byman Afghanistan: The Consolidation of a Rogue State Afghanistan has gone from one of Washington’s greatest foreign policy triumphs to one of its most profound failures. During the Cold War, U.S. support to the anti-Soviet Afghan resistance resulted in a debacle for Moscow, humiliating the vaunted Red Army and discrediting the Soviets throughout the Muslim world. After the Soviets withdrew, however, Af- ghanistan has become a disaster for U.S. policy. The master terrorist ‘Usama bin Laden has taken shelter in Afghanistan, using it as a base to indoctri- nate and train militants who strike at the United States and its allies. Af- ghan women face a horrifying array of restrictions, among the most repressive in the world. The country is now the world’s leading producer of opium, which in turn is used to produce heroin. These problems, however, are only symptoms of a more dangerous disease. Though policymakers are loathe to say it openly, Afghanistan is ruled by a rogue regime, the Taliban. The outrages that draw headlines in the West stem from its misrule and will continue as long as the movement dominates Afghanistan. If anything, the danger is growing. “Talibanism”—a radical, backward, and repressive version of Islam similar to the Saudi “Wahhabi” credo but rejected by the vast ma- jority of Muslims worldwide—is gaining adherents outside Afghanistan and spreading to other countries in the region. -
Afghanistan, 1989-1996: Between the Soviets and the Taliban
Afghanistan, 1989-1996: Between the Soviets and the Taliban A thesis submitted to the Miami University Honors Program in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for University Honors with Distinction by, Brandon Smith May 2005 Oxford, OH ABSTRACT AFGHANISTAN, 1989-1996: BETWEEN THE SOVIETS AND THE TALIBAN by, BRANDON SMITH This paper examines why the Afghan resistance fighters from the war against the Soviets, the mujahideen, were unable to establish a government in the time period between the withdrawal of the Soviet army from Afghanistan in 1989 and the consolidation of power by the Taliban in 1996. A number of conflicting explanations exist regarding Afghanistan’s instability during this time period. This paper argues that the developments in Afghanistan from 1989 to 1996 can be linked to the influence of actors outside Afghanistan, but not to the extent that the choices and actions of individual actors can be overlooked or ignored. Further, the choices and actions of individual actors need not be explained in terms of ancient animosities or historic tendencies, but rather were calculated moves to secure power. In support of this argument, international, national, and individual level factors are examined. ii Afghanistan, 1989-1996: Between the Soviets and the Taliban by, Brandon Smith Approved by: _________________________, Advisor Karen L. Dawisha _________________________, Reader John M. Rothgeb, Jr. _________________________, Reader Homayun Sidky Accepted by: ________________________, Director, University Honors Program iii Thanks to Karen Dawisha for her guidance and willingness to help on her year off, and to John Rothgeb and Homayun Sidky for taking the time to read the final draft and offer their feedback. -
Bremer's Gordian Knot: Transitional Justice and the US Occupation of Iraq Eric Stover Berkeley Law
Berkeley Law Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository Faculty Scholarship 1-1-2005 Bremer's Gordian Knot: Transitional Justice and the US Occupation of Iraq Eric Stover Berkeley Law Hanny Megally Hania Mufti Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/facpubs Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Bremer's Gordian Knot: Transitional Justice and the US Occupation of Iraq, 27 Hum. Rts. Q. 830 (2005) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HUMAN RIGHTS QUARTERLY Bremer's "Gordian Knot": Transitional Justice and the US Occupation of Iraq Eric Stover,* Hanny Megally, ** & Hania Mufti*** ABSTRACT Shortly after the US invasion and occupation of Iraq, L. Paul Bremer III, in his capacity as the chief administrator of the Coalition Provisional Author- ity (CPA), introduced several transitional justice mechanisms that set the *Eric Stover is Director of the Human Rights Center at the University of California, Berkeley, and Adjunct Professor in the School of Public Health. In 1991, Stover led a team of forensic scientists to northern Iraq to investigate war crimes committed by Iraqi troops during the Anfal campaign against the Kurds in the late 1980s. In March and April 2003, he returned to northern Iraq where he and Hania Mufti monitored the compliance with the 1949 Geneva Conventions by all sides to the conflict. He returned to Iraq in February 2004 to assist Mufti in investigating the status of documentary and physical evidence to be used in trials against Saddam Hussein and other members of the Ba'athist Party. -
Introduction
NOTES Introduction 1. Robert Kagan to George Packer. Cited in Packer’s The Assassin’s Gate: America In Iraq (Faber and Faber, London, 2006): 38. 2. Stefan Halper and Jonathan Clarke, America Alone: The Neoconservatives and the Global Order (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004): 9. 3. Critiques of the war on terror and its origins include Gary Dorrien, Imperial Designs: Neoconservatism and the New Pax Americana (Routledge, New York and London, 2004); Francis Fukuyama, After the Neocons: America At the Crossroads (Profile Books, London, 2006); Ira Chernus, Monsters to Destroy: The Neoconservative War on Terror and Sin (Paradigm Publishers, Boulder, CO and London, 2006); and Jacob Heilbrunn, They Knew They Were Right: The Rise of the Neocons (Doubleday, New York, 2008). 4. A report of the PNAC, Rebuilding America’s Defenses: Strategy, Forces and Resources for a New Century, September 2000: 76. URL: http:// www.newamericancentury.org/RebuildingAmericasDefenses.pdf (15 January 2009). 5. On the first generation on Cold War neoconservatives, which has been covered far more extensively than the second, see Gary Dorrien, The Neoconservative Mind: Politics, Culture and the War of Ideology (Temple University Press, Philadelphia, 1993); Peter Steinfels, The Neoconservatives: The Men Who Are Changing America’s Politics (Simon and Schuster, New York, 1979); Murray Friedman, The Neoconservative Revolution: Jewish Intellectuals and the Shaping of Public Policy (Cambridge University Press, New York, 2005); Murray Friedman ed. Commentary in American Life (Temple University Press, Philadelphia, 2005); Mark Gerson, The Neoconservative Vision: From the Cold War to the Culture Wars (Madison Books, Lanham MD; New York; Oxford, 1997); and Maria Ryan, “Neoconservative Intellectuals and the Limitations of Governing: The Reagan Administration and the Demise of the Cold War,” Comparative American Studies, Vol. -
Freedom of Information Act Activity for the Weeks of December 29, 2016-January 4, 2017 Privacy Office January 10, 2017 Weekly Freedom of Information Act Report
Freedom of Information Act Activity for the Weeks of December 29, 2016-January 4, 2017 Privacy Office January 10, 2017 Weekly Freedom of Information Act Report I. Efficiency and Transparency—Steps taken to increase transparency and make forms and processes used by the general public more user-friendly, particularly web- based and Freedom of Information Act related items: • NSTR II. On Freedom of Information Act Requests • On December 30, 2016, Bradley Moss, a representative with the James Madison Project in Washington D.C, requested from Department of Homeland Security (DI-IS) Secret Service records, including cross-references, memorializing written communications — including USSS documentation summarizing verbal communications —between USSS and the transition campaign staff, corporate staff, or private staff of President-Elect Donald J. Trump. (Case Number HQ 2017-HQF0-00202.) • On December 30, 2016, Justin McCarthy, a representative with Judicial Watch in Washington, D.C., requested from United States Secret Service (USSS) records concerning the use of U.S. Government funds to provide security for President Obama's November 2016 trip to Florida. (Case Number USSS 20170407.) • On January 3,2017, Justin McCarthy, a representative with Judicial Watch in Washington, DE, requested from United States Secret Service (USSS) records concerning, regarding, or relating to security expenses for President Barack °ham's residence in Chicago, Illinois from January 20, 2009 to January 3,2017. (Case Number USSS 20170417.) • On January 3,2017, Justin McCarthy, a representative with Judicial Watch in Washington, D.C., requested from United States Secret Service (USSS) records concerning, regarding. or relating to security expenses for President-Elect Donald Trump and Trump Tower in New York, New York from November 9,2016 to January 3,2017. -
The Bremer Detail: Protecting the Most Threatened Man in the World
Journal of Strategic Security Volume 8 Number 1 Volume 8, No. 1-2: Spring/ Article 8 Summer 2015 The Bremer Detail: Protecting The Most Threatened Man In The World. By Frank Gallagher with John M. Del Vecchio, Danbury, CT, Charlie Foxtrot Books, LLC, 2014. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss pp. 86-89 Recommended Citation "The Bremer Detail: Protecting The Most Threatened Man In The World. By Frank Gallagher with John M. Del Vecchio, Danbury, CT, Charlie Foxtrot Books, LLC, 2014.." Journal of Strategic Security 8, no. 1 (2015) : 86-89. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.8.1.1445 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol8/iss1/8 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Strategic Security by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Bremer Detail: Protecting The Most Threatened Man In The World. By Frank Gallagher with John M. Del Vecchio, Danbury, CT, Charlie Foxtrot Books, LLC, 2014. This book review is available in Journal of Strategic Security: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/ vol8/iss1/8 et al.: The Bremer Detail: Protecting The Most Threatened Man In The Worl The Bremer Detail: Protecting The Most Threatened Man In The World. By Frank Gallagher with John M. Del Vecchio, Danbury, CT, Charlie Foxtrot Books, LLC, 2014. ISBN 978-1-4976-4398-7, 18 photos, Pp. 279, softcover, $13.20 The Bremer Detail: Protecting The Most Threatened Man In The World, is a very interesting account of the first private protection team assigned to provide security and protection for a high ranking, high visibility, United States Government official under some extremely hazardous conditions. -
Drowning in Data 15 3
BRENNAN CENTER FOR JUSTICE WHAT THE GOVERNMENT DOES WITH AMERICANS’ DATA Rachel Levinson-Waldman Brennan Center for Justice at New York University School of Law about the brennan center for justice The Brennan Center for Justice at NYU School of Law is a nonpartisan law and policy institute that seeks to improve our systems of democracy and justice. We work to hold our political institutions and laws accountable to the twin American ideals of democracy and equal justice for all. The Center’s work ranges from voting rights to campaign finance reform, from racial justice in criminal law to Constitutional protection in the fight against terrorism. A singular institution — part think tank, part public interest law firm, part advocacy group, part communications hub — the Brennan Center seeks meaningful, measurable change in the systems by which our nation is governed. about the brennan center’s liberty and national security program The Brennan Center’s Liberty and National Security Program works to advance effective national security policies that respect Constitutional values and the rule of law, using innovative policy recommendations, litigation, and public advocacy. The program focuses on government transparency and accountability; domestic counterterrorism policies and their effects on privacy and First Amendment freedoms; detainee policy, including the detention, interrogation, and trial of terrorist suspects; and the need to safeguard our system of checks and balances. about the author Rachel Levinson-Waldman serves as Counsel to the Brennan Center’s Liberty and National Security Program, which seeks to advance effective national security policies that respect constitutional values and the rule of law. -
REPSOL YPF Argentina
Buenos Aires, 2000 XI REPSOL YPF-HARVARD SEMINAR HARVARD UNIVERSITY JOHN F. KENNEDY SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA DECEMBER 2000 ENERGY POLICIES AND MARKETS: NEW TRENDS OR OLD CYCLES? WILLIAM W. HOGAN BIJAN MOSSAVAR-RAHMANI EDITORS THE REPSOL YPF-HARVARD SEMINAR SERIES JOHN F. KENNEDY SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT HARVARD UNIVERSITY 79 JFK Street Cambridge, MA 02138 USA REPSOL YPF Paseo de la Castellana 278 28046 Madrid, Spain FUNDACIÓN REPSOL Juan Bravo 3B 28006 Madrid, Spain ISBN: [TO BE ADDED] Depósito legal: [to be added] Copyright 2001© FUNDACIÓN REPSOL Servicio de Publicaciones CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................v EDITORS’ NOTE .................................................................................ix OPENING SESSION WELCOME MR. ALFONSO CORTINA ........................................................3 «ARGENTINA’S ECONOMY IN THE NEW CENTURY» THE HONORABLE JOSÉ LUIS MACHINEA ...................................11 KEYNOTE ADDRESS «LIBERALIZATION AND THE ECONOMY IN LATIN AMERICA» THE HONORABLE DOMINGO F. C AVALLO .................................17 SESSION I OIL INTRODUCTORY REMARKS MR. BIJAN MOSSAVAR-RAHMANI ..........................................29 «PERSPECTIVES ON THE INTERNATIONAL OIL MARKET» MR. ADRIÁN LAJOUS ..........................................................33 «POLITICS AND OIL» MR. RICHARD PERLE...........................................................43 «FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS ON THE PRICE OF OIL» THE HONORABLE HUMBERTO CALDERÓN -
WTH Is Going on with the Retreat from Afghanistan? Amb. Ryan Crocker On
WTH is going on with the retreat from Afghanistan? Amb. Ryan Crocker on withdrawal, and the consequences for US national security Episode #115 | September 1, 2021 | Danielle Pletka, Marc Thiessen, and Amb. Ryan Crocker Danielle Pletka: Hi, I'm Danielle Pletka. Marc Thiessen: I'm Marc Thiessen. Danielle Pletka: Welcome to our podcast, What the Hell Is Going On? Marc, what the hell is going on? Marc Thiessen: I've never been more disgusted in my life with what's happening with what America is doing than I am right now watching the last planes leaving Kabul, leaving behind American citizens, thousands of Afghans who risked their lives to help us, the blood of 13 dead Americans and hundreds of Afghan civilians. It is the most shameful thing I have witnessed in my entire career in Washington. I'm shifting between absolute abject pain and rage as I watch this happen. Dany, what are your thoughts? Danielle Pletka: It is the worst thing in the world that a country like ours, we've suffered defeats, we've made mistakes, we've done terrible things. Never, I hope willfully, but by mistake, we've done terrible things. And we have betrayed allies before. We've not done enough for people who need us. We've let down the Kurds in Iraq, we've let down the Syrian people, but we have never actually gone in and rescued a group of people who in turn sacrificed all for us and for our security as Afghans did, because make no mistake, we were not in Afghanistan for the Afghan people. -
ISIS: a Product of the United States' Quest for the Neoconservative Identity
Trinity College Trinity College Digital Repository Senior Theses and Projects Student Scholarship Spring 2016 ISIS: A Product of the United States' Quest for the Neoconservative Identity Christopher White Trinity College, Hartford Connecticut, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/theses Part of the International Relations Commons Recommended Citation White, Christopher, "ISIS: A Product of the United States' Quest for the Neoconservative Identity". Senior Theses, Trinity College, Hartford, CT 2016. Trinity College Digital Repository, https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/theses/535 ISIS: A Product of the United States’ Quest for the Neoconservative Identity Christopher White Trinity College—Hartford, CT Class of 2016 1 Table of Contents: Introduction: pg 3 Ch 1: Four Theses on the Role of the United States Within the International Order pg 5 Ch 2: America and the Iran-Iraq War (1982-1988): the Development of the Four Theses of America’s International Position? pg 21 Ch 3: A New International Order: The Gulf War and the Changing Role of the Untied States in the Post Cold War Security Environment pg 45 Interlude: President Clinton—Continuing an American Tradition in Iraq pg 74 Ch 4: The Invasion of Iraq 2003: Resuming the Neoconservative Tradition of American Foreign Policy in the Middle East pg 81 Conclusion: The Threat of ISIS—A Product of the Long Tradition of Neoconservatism and the American Identity in Iraq pg 100 2 Introduction Today the United States is engaged in a war against the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). The Islamic extremist group poses real life threats to people all over the world. -
Congressional Record—House H8337
September 22, 2005 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H8337 power which constitutes the greatest threat Contrary to their claim of nation-building visional ethnic terminologies have become to Israel’’ and that a division of Iraq ‘‘into in Iraq and nurturing democratic institu- conspicuously common in daily political dis- provinces along ethnic/religious lines . is tions, the neoconservatives have made sure course. possible. So three (or more) states will exist that every effort must be made to prevent Regardless of the outcome of the ongoing around the three major cities: Basra, Bagh- the Iraqis from exercising their rights to run debate concerning the constitution, the dad and Mosul, and Shiite areas in the south their own country and establish an open and neoconservatives have already inflicted dam- will separate from the Sunni and Kurdish free country. When General Jay Garner at- age to the fabric of Iraqi society. north.’’ tempted, in early 2003, to allow Iraqis to Fragmenting Iraq and kindling sectarian/ Critics and political commentators agree chart their own destiny, he was immediately ethnic discords are weapons of cultural and that the neoconservatives are obsessed with replaced. His successor, Paul Bremer, closely national destruction, a menace to civiliza- a grand design to militarize the globe and followed the neoconservatives’ agenda. tion. They represent a threat to American globalize fear. Knowledgeable observers, The Israeli newspaper Haaretz reported interests and to regional stability. More im- however, acknowledge that the core of the (June 3, 2005) that the occupational author- portantly, they evidence a purposeful activa- neoconservatives’ thinking revolves around ity has institutionalised corruption. The cor- tion of the clash of civilizations. -
Gambling with History: the Making of a Democratic Iraq
Gambling with History: The Making of a Democratic Iraq Captain Jodi Vittori Dr Brent J. Talbot United States Air Force Academy The authors would like to thank the Air Force Institute for National Security Studies (INSS) for its support and funding of this research. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the US Air Force, the Department of Defense or that of the US Government or any other of its agencies. Please direct comments to [email protected]. If we think there is a fast solution to changing the governance of Iraq, then we don’t understand history… God help us if we think this transition will occur easily. —General (retired) Anthony Zinni, former Commander US Central Command1 Democracy in Iraq—everyone talks about it, but no one knows what it means. —Anonymous Shia in focus group session, Sadr City, Baghdad2 Introduction The United States finds itself at a critical moment in its history of US-Arab relations, and indeed, in US-Islamic relations. The US has endeavored to change the status quo of Iraq, and in doing so, it will most likely affect the status quo of the entire Arab world. What remains in the balance is whether that change in the current situation will enhance US interests or threaten them for many years to come. Considering the liberation of Iraq, National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice underlines the great opportunity towards stability in the Middle East and increased security throughout the world, “much as a democratic Germany became a linchpin of a new Europe” at the end of World War II.3 Should the US succeed in creating a recognizable form of democracy, there is significant potential for that to act as an impetus in the region over the coming decades.