110// Here Followeth the Feast of St. Peter Ad Vincula, at Lammas [August 1]
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Easter Services in and Around Leighton Buzzard
Easter Services in and around Leighton Buzzard Do come join us at a church near you CHURCH OF ENGLAND St John the Baptist Church, Stanbridge Telephone: 01525 210828 All Saints Church, Church Square Tuesday 11th 8.00 pm Holy Communion Telephone: 01525 381418 Good Friday 12.00 pm to 3.00pm Church open for prayer Monday 10th 8.00 pm Holy Communion with Address Tuesday 11th 8.00 pm Holy Communion with Address St Giles of Provence Church, Totternhoe Wednesday 12th 8.00 pm Holy Communion with Address Telephone: 01582 662778 Maundy Thursday 10.00 am Holy Communion Maundy Thursday 7.00 pm Maundy Supper and Service 7.30 pm Sung Eucharist with Ceremony of Washing Good Friday 12.00 pm to 3.00pm Church open for prayer of Feet followed by Vigil Easter Day 10.00 am Holy Communion Good Friday 12 noon Reflections and Music METHODIST 12.45 pm Preaching of the Passion Trinity Methodist Church, North Street 2.00 pm Good Friday Liturgy 3.00 pm to 5.00pm Church remains open Telephone: 01525 371905 Easter Eve 9.00 am Quiet Service of Reflection Monday 10th 8.00 pm Reflective Service 9.00 pm Vigil and First Eucharist of Easter Tuesday 11th 10.00 am Morning Service Easter Day 8.00 am Holy Communion 8.00 pm Reflective Service 9.15 am Easter Eucharist Wednesday 12th 8.00 pm Reflective Service 11.15 am Messy Mass for Easter Maundy Thursday 8.00 pm Holy Communion 6.00 pm Festal Evensong Easter Day 10.30 am Easter Day Communion Service 6.00 pm Reflective Service St Barnabas’ Church, Linslade Telephone: 01525 372149 SOCIETY OF FRIENDS Monday 10th 9.30 am Eucharist -
The Evolution of the Roman Calendar Dwayne Meisner, University of Regina
The Evolution of the Roman Calendar Dwayne Meisner, University of Regina Abstract The Roman calendar was first developed as a lunar | 290 calendar, so it was difficult for the Romans to reconcile this with the natural solar year. In 45 BC, Julius Caesar reformed the calendar, creating a solar year of 365 days with leap years every four years. This article explains the process by which the Roman calendar evolved and argues that the reason February has 28 days is that Caesar did not want to interfere with religious festivals that occurred in February. Beginning as a lunar calendar, the Romans developed a lunisolar system that tried to reconcile lunar months with the solar year, with the unfortunate result that the calendar was often inaccurate by up to four months. Caesar fixed this by changing the lengths of most months, but made no change to February because of the tradition of intercalation, which the article explains, and because of festivals that were celebrated in February that were connected to the Roman New Year, which had originally been on March 1. Introduction The reason why February has 28 days in the modern calendar is that Caesar did not want to interfere with festivals that honored the dead, some of which were Past Imperfect 15 (2009) | © | ISSN 1711-053X | eISSN 1718-4487 connected to the position of the Roman New Year. In the earliest calendars of the Roman Republic, the year began on March 1, because the consuls, after whom the year was named, began their years in office on the Ides of March. -
What the Romans Knew Piero Scaruffi Copyright 2018 • Part II
What the Romans knew Piero Scaruffi Copyright 2018 http://www.scaruffi.com/know • Part II 1 What the Romans knew Archaic Roma Capitolium Forum 2 (Museo della Civiltà Romana, Roma) What the Romans Knew • Greek! – Wars against Carthage resulted in conquest of the Phoenician and Greek civilizations – Greek pantheon (Zeus=Jupiter, Juno = Hera, Minerva = Athena, Mars= Ares, Mercury = Hermes, Hercules = Heracles, Venus = Aphrodite,…) – Greek city plan (agora/forum, temples, theater, stadium/circus) – Beginning of Roman literature: the translation and adaptation of Greek epic and dramatic poetry (240 BC) – Beginning of Roman philosophy: adoption of Greek schools of philosophy (155 BC) – Roman sculpture: Greek sculpture 3 What the Romans Knew • Greek! – Greeks: knowing over doing – Romans: doing over knowing (never translated Aristotle in Latin) – “The day will come when posterity will be amazed that we remained ignorant of things that will to them seem so plain” (Seneca, 1st c AD) – Impoverished mythology – Indifference to metaphysics – Pragmatic/social religion (expressing devotion to the state) 4 What the Romans Knew • Greek! – Western civilization = the combined effect of Greece's construction of a new culture and Rome's destruction of all other cultures. 5 What the Romans Knew • The Mediterranean Sea (Mare Nostrum) – Rome was mainly a sea power, an Etruscan legacy – Battle of Actium (31 BC) created the “mare nostrum”, a peaceful, safe sea for trade and communication – Disappearance of piracy – Sea routes were used by merchants, soldiers, -
Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome William E. Dunstan ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Lanham • Boulder • New York • Toronto • Plymouth, UK ................. 17856$ $$FM 09-09-10 09:17:21 PS PAGE iii Published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 http://www.rowmanlittlefield.com Estover Road, Plymouth PL6 7PY, United Kingdom Copyright ᭧ 2011 by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. All maps by Bill Nelson. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. The cover image shows a marble bust of the nymph Clytie; for more information, see figure 22.17 on p. 370. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dunstan, William E. Ancient Rome / William E. Dunstan. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7425-6832-7 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-7425-6833-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-7425-6834-1 (electronic) 1. Rome—Civilization. 2. Rome—History—Empire, 30 B.C.–476 A.D. 3. Rome—Politics and government—30 B.C.–476 A.D. I. Title. DG77.D86 2010 937Ј.06—dc22 2010016225 ⅜ϱ ீThe paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/ NISO Z39.48–1992. Printed in the United States of America ................ -
Vocabulary Unit 13
Vocabulary Unit 13 Origin of the days of the week Sunday: The name comes from the Latin dies solis, meaning "sun's day": the name of a pagan Roman holiday. It is also called Dominica (Latin), the Day of God. [French: dimanche; Italian: domenica; Spanish: domingo German: Sonntag;] Monday: The name comes from the Anglo-Saxon monandaeg, "the moon's day". This second day was sacred to the goddess of the moon. [French: lundi; Italian: lunedi. Spanish: lunes. German: Montag] Tuesday: This day was named after the Norse god Tyr. The Romans named this day after their war-god Mars: dies Martis. [French: mardi; Italian: martedi; Spanish: martes.] Wednesday: The day named to honor Wodan (Odin). The Romans called it dies Mercurii, after their god Mercury. [French: mercredi; Italian: mercoledi; Spanish: miércoles. German: Mittwoch] Thursday: The day named after the Norse god Thor. In the Norse languages this day is called Torsdag. The Romans named this day dies Jovis ("Jove's Day"), after Jove or Jupiter. [French: jeudi; Italian: giovedi; Spanish: jueves.] Friday: The day in honor of the Norse goddess, Frigg. To the Romans this day was sacred to the goddess Venus, and was known as dies veneris. [French: vendredi; Italian: venerdi; Spanish: viernes. German: Freitag] Saturday: This day was called dies Saturni, "Saturn's Day", by the ancient Romans in honor of Saturn. In Anglo- Saxon: sater daeg. [French: samedi; Italian: sabato; Spanish: sábado. Origin of the months of the year January: Named after the Roman god of beginnings and endings Janus (the month Januarius). Janus was the keeper of the gates of heaven. -
List of Religious Holidays Permitting Student Absence from School
Adoption Resolution May 5, 2021 RESOLUTION The List of Religious Holidays Permitting Student Absence from School WHEREAS, according to N.J.S.A. 18A:36-14 through 16 and N.J.A.C. 6A:32-8.3(j), regarding student absence from school because of religious holidays, the Commissioner of Education, with the approval of the State Board of Education, is charged with the responsibility of prescribing such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purpose of the law; and WHEREAS, the law provides that: 1. Any student absent from school because of a religious holiday may not be deprived of any award or of eligibility or opportunity to compete for any award because of such absence; 2. Students who miss a test or examination because of absence on a religious holiday must be given the right to take an alternate test or examination; 3. To be entitled to the privileges set forth above, the student must present a written excuse signed by a parent or person standing in place of a parent; 4. Any absence because of a religious holiday must be recorded in the school register or in any group or class attendance record as an excused absence; 5. Such absence must not be recorded on any transcript or application or employment form or on any similar form; and 6. The Commissioner, with the approval of the State Board of Education, is required to: (a) prescribe such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this act; and (b) prepare a list of religious holidays on which it shall be mandatory to excuse a student. -
Celebrating the Seasonal Holy-Days
Celebrating the Seasonal Holy-Days Waverly Fitzgerald 1 Copyright © 1991 by Waverly Fitzgerald Published by Priestess of Swords Press Contact: [email protected] Priestess of Swords Press 1463 E Republican #187 Seattle WA 98112 2 3 Celebrating Candlemas February 2 is one of the great cross-quarter days which make up the wheel of the year. It falls midway between the winter solstice and the spring equinox and in many traditions is considered the beginning of spring. Awakening the Ground In Western Europe, this was the time for preparing the fields for the first planting. Even in Seattle, you can begin turning over and enriching the soil in anticipation of the first sowing in March. Pamela Berger has written a book, The Goddess Obscured: Transformation of the Grain Protectress from Goddess to Saint about the rituals celebrated at this time of year, when the ground is first awakened and the seed placed in the belly of the earth. This is a significant moment in a community which depends on the earth for sustenance. The fields were purified and offerings were made to the goddess. This medieval Anglo-Saxon plowing charm, recorded by Berger, was said by the farmer while cutting the first furrow: Whole be thou Earth Mother of men. In the lap of God, Be thou as-growing. Be filled with fodder For fare-need of men. The farmer then took a loaf of bread, kneaded it with milk and holy water and laid it under the first furrow, saying: Acre full fed, Bring forth fodder for men! Blossoming brightly, Blessed become; And the God who wrought the ground, Grant us the gifts of growing, That the corn, all the corn, May come unto our need. -
Calendar of Roman Events
Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th. -
Religious/Holy Days 2020-2021
Religious/Holy Days 2020-2021 Some days may require absence from school or fasting or other specific observance. All absences will be reviewed on an individual case-by-case basis in accordance with Plano ISD Board of Trustees’ Policies FEA, FEB, FNA, FNAB and state and federal laws and regulations. If questions arise, it is suggested that the campus administration work with Central Administration regarding such absences. Also note that some holidays may vary slightly based on local custom, group preference or moon sightings. This information is updated annually and an effort is made to be inclusive though the list is not exhaustive and any omissions of particular holidays is not intentional. BAHA’I HOLIDAYS July 9, 2020 *Martyrdom of the Bab October 20, 2020 *Birth of the Báb November 12, 2020 *Birth of Baha’u’llah November 26, 2020 *Day of the Covenant March 21, 2021 *Naw-Rúz (New Year) April 16, 2021 *First Day of Ridvan April 24, 2021 *Ninth Day of Ridvan May 2, 2021 *Last Day of Ridvan May 23, 2021 *Declaration of the Bab May 29, 2021 *Ascension of Baha’u’llah BUDDHIST OBSERVANCES December 8, 2020 **Bodhi Day (Rohatsu) February 8, 2021 Nirvana Day March 28, 2021 **Magha Puja Day May 19, 2021 **Visakha Puja - Buddha Day CHRISTIAN HOLIDAYS August 15, 2020 Assumption of Blessed Virgin Mary November 1, 2020 All Saints Day December 8, 2020 Immaculate Conception of Mary December 16-25, 2020 Posadas Navidenas December 25, 2020 *Christmas January 1, 2021 Mary, Mother of God January 6, 2021 Epiphany February 17, 2021 Ash Wednesday – Lent begins March 28, 2021 Palm Sunday April 2, 2021 Good Friday April 4, 2021 Easter May 13, 2021 Ascension of Jesus May 23, 2021 Pentecost NOTES: BOLD titles are primary holy days of a tradition. -
Fort Bend Harris Retired Educators News and Notes
Fort Bend – Harris Retired Educators News and Notes Editor: Eleanor Blain Vol. 7 Issue 5 January 1, 2020 Photo by Evelyn Smith Heaven’s Echo Handbell Choir Entertains FBHRE Members Sally Buck, director, and thirteen handbell ringers from the Heaven’s Echo Handbell Choir provided entertain- ment for our December FBHRE meeting. Members of the choir are also members of various churches in the area, including Methodist, Baptist, and Mormon. They performed delightful arrangements of “Spirit Song,” “Japanese Time Clock,” “Lord of the Dance,” “Bare Necessities”; a medley of patriotic songs including “America the Beautiful,” “God of our Fathers,” and “My Country ‘Tis of Thee”; “Let There Be Peace on Earth”; and ended with “Jingle Bells.” Sally explained the history and technique of bell ringing. Bells dating back to 5th Century BC have been found in China, and Chinese bells with handles date back to the 1600s. Handbells used in the U.S.A. are descendants of England’s tower bells, which were arranged in numerical order and rung in patterns called change ringing. Smaller bells were developed so bell ringers could practice indoors and not disturb the community. The use of handbells peaked in the 1800s, waned, but once became popular again in the 1950s and 1960s and remain popular. Handbells are made of tin and copper, with handles made of vinyl, leather, or wood. Ringers wear gloves to avoid tarnishing the bells, and they can ring the bells or strike them with mallets. The smaller bells can be played two in hand. Special tonal qualities can be gained by ringing the bell and gently placing it on the padded table for an echo effect, moving it from side to side for vibrato, and damping it with the thumb, shoulder, or table. -
0 Contents.Qxd
Chronology Chart 1-6 Roman Calendar Explanation At the time of Christ, the Roman calendar and dating system were used throughout the Roman Empire. The calendar derived from the old lunar calendar of the Etruscans, which was designed to keep record of times for religious observances and festivals, and which retained as principal days of the month the kalends (first), nones (fifth or seventh), and ides (thirteenth or fifteenth), based originally on the phases of the moon. The months had been restructured by the Romans into a solar calendar of twelve months with several intercalary days at the end of February. March was the first Roman month, making September the seventh, October the eighth, etc. These names derive from the Latin words for seven (septem), eight (octo), and so on. The Roman calendar was reformed by Julius Caesar in 45 B.C., which version operated in New Testament times and still forms the basis of our own modern calendar today. Roman years were numbered ab urbe condita, “from the founding of the city.” The year we call 753 B.C. was the Roman year 1, the year that Rome is believed to have been established. References John F. Hall, “March Gods and the Etruscan New Year,” in By Study and Also By Faith (Provo, Utah: FARMS, 1990), 1:643–58. A. K. Michels, The Calendar of the Roman Republic (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967). Charting the New Testament, © 2002 Welch, Hall, FARMS Roman Calendar Kalendae First day of the month Named for Mars, Martius the god of the New Year Named for Aprilia, Aprilis Idus The fifteenth of March, a goddess of spring May, July, and October, but the thirteenth of all Named for Maia, other months. -
Have a Blessed Easter
Weekly Newsletter for St Martin’s Anglican Church Campbelltown Easter Sunday, 4 April 2021 Living God, we thank you for your vision for the whole 7 creation and that you call us When you enter any of our PLEASE REGISTER to share in your mission. church buildings, remember… We pray that you grow your church; REMINDER: DAYLIGHT SAVING ENDS EASTER SUNDAY MORNING Bring more people to – PUT YOUR CLOCKS BACK 1 HOUR BEFORE GOING TO BED SATURDAY NIGHT! faith in Jesus; Deepen our trust in you and knowledge of you; Help us to serve and bless our community; And strengthen us to be generous with the money and resources you give us. May we grow as disciples of Jesus and make disciples of others for the blessing of the world you love. In Jesus’ name we pray. Amen. I pray this every day; please join me and let’s put it into action. Rev’d Canon Mara Diocesan Have a Blessed Easter Vision Statement 2022 Changes to Parish Email Addresses “We will be a Following on from last week’s advice that the email addresses for Diocese of St Martin’s Office and The Message had been suspended temporarily, the flourishing Anglican new addresses are as follows: communities, united St Martin’s Office [email protected] and connected, whose The Message [email protected] members are This information will appear on the back page of The Message each week. confident and competent to live as St Martin’s mission is to do God’s work and message through disciples of Jesus Worship - Spiritual formation - Christ in the power of the Holy Spirit.” Service to others & Building Community.