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Rubai (Quatrain) As a Classical Form of Poetry in Persian Literature
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH CULTURE SOCIETY ISSN: 2456-6683 Volume - 2, Issue - 4, Apr – 2018 UGC Approved Monthly, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Indexed Journal Impact Factor: 3.449 Publication Date: 30/04/2018 Rubai (Quatrain) as a Classical Form of Poetry in Persian Literature Ms. Mina Qarizada Lecturer in Samangan Higher Education, Samangan, Afghanistan Master of Arts in English, Department of English Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India Email – [email protected] Abstract: Studying literature, including poetry and prose writing, in Afghanistan is very significant. Poetry provides some remarkable historical, cultural, and geographical facts and its literary legacy of a particular country. Understanding the poetic forms is important in order to understand the themes and the styles of the poetry of the poets. All the Persian poets in some points of the time composed in the Rubai form which is very common till now among the past and present generation across Afghanistan. This paper is an overview of Rubai as a classical form of Poetry in Persian Literature. Rubai has its significant role in the society with different stylistic and themes related to the cultural, social, political, and gender based issues. The key features of Rubai are to be eloquent, spontaneous and ingenious. In a Rubai the first part is the introduction which is the first three lines that is the sublime for the fourth line of the poem. It represents the idea if sublet, pithy and clever. It also represents the poets’ literary works, poetic themes, styles, and visions. Key Words: Rubai, Classic, Poetry, Persian, Literature, Quatrain, 1. INTRODUCTION: Widespread geography of Persian speakers during the past centuries in the history of Afghanistan like many other countries, it can be seen and felt that only great men were trained in the fields of art and literature. -
Iranian Leadership Ideals: a Culturally-Based Leadership Approach Azadeh Davari University of San Diego
University of San Diego Digital USD Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2018-05-20 Iranian Leadership Ideals: A Culturally-based Leadership Approach Azadeh Davari University of San Diego Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.sandiego.edu/dissertations Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons, Business Commons, Education Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Digital USD Citation Davari, Azadeh, "Iranian Leadership Ideals: A Culturally-based Leadership Approach" (2018). Dissertations. 113. https://digital.sandiego.edu/dissertations/113 This Dissertation: Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Digital USD. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital USD. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IRANIAN LEADERSHIP IDEALS: A CULTURALLY-BASED LEADERSHIP APPROACH by Azadeh Davari A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2018 Dissertation Committee Afsaneh Nahavandi, Ph.D. Zachary Gabriel Green, Ph.D. Touraj Daryaee, Ph.D. Kaveh Abhari, Ph.D. University of San Diego © Copyright by Azadeh Davari All Rights Reserved 2018 University of San Diego School of Leadership and Education Sciences CANDIDATE’S NAME: Azadeh Davari TITLE OF DISSERTATION: IRANIAN LEADERSHIP IDEALS: A CULTURALLY-BASED LEADERSHIP APPROACH APPROVAL: _____________________________________, Cha ir Afsaneh Nahavandi, PhD- _____________________________________, M -
Influence of Literature Developed by Hafez Shirazi on Poems of Mohammad Ali Shams- Al-Din Revista Publicando, 5 No 16
Influence of literature developed by Hafez Shirazi on poems of Mohammad Ali Shams- Al-Din Revista Publicando, 5 No 16. (2). 2018, 186-200. ISSN 1390-9304 Influence of literature developed by Hafez Shirazi on poems of Mohammad Ali Shams- Al-Din Dr. Soudabeh Mozafari1; Dr. Abdollah Hosseini1; Dr. Zohreh Naemi1; Vahid Mousa Nataj2 1 Member of faculty in Kharazmi University, Arab Language and Literature Department, Iran, [email protected] 2 PhD Student, Kharazmi University, Arab Language and Literature Department, Iran Abstract Hafez Shirazi has influenced on most Arab-speaking scholars. Mohammad Ali Shamsaldin, Leonean poet had maximally influenced by Hafez. When we read book “Fi Shirazat” complied by Mohammad Ali Shams-Al-Din, we will found this important issue that he and Hafez smashed together. His odes in this book has indeed occurred by using his natural creative force. When reader looks at the volume of book “Fi Shirazat”, he can see the name of Hafez Shirazi in the right side of the book and name of Mohammad Ali Shas-Al-Din in the left side and expression “Shirazat” at the middle of both; consequently, he would find the clear technical and spiritual cooperation between both poems. This paper aims to prove the influence of Hafez on Mohammad Ali Shams- Al-Din according to French School; for this purpose, the author has sought for required references and books in national and international libraries; by analytical methodology, the poems of Mohamamd Ali Shams-Al-Din were analyzed and compared to Persian Poems of Hafez to prove that he has influenced by Hafez’s Poets. -
The Land of Glory and Beauties
IRAN The Land of Glory and Beauties Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization www.tourismiran.ir Iran is the land of four seasons, history and culture, souvenir and authenticity. This is not a tourism slogan, this is the reality inferred from the experience of visitors who have been impressed by Iran’s beauties and amazing attractions. Antiquity and richness of its culture and civilization, the variety of natural and geographical attractions, four - season climate, diverse cultural sites in addition to different tribes with different and fascinating traditions and customs have made Iran as a treasury of tangible and intangible heritage. Different climates can be found simultaneously in Iran. Some cities have summer weather in winter, or have spring or autumn weather; at the same time in summer you might find some regions covered with snow, icicles or experiencing rain and breeze of spring. Iran is the land of history and culture, not only because of its Pasargad and Persepolis, Chogha Zanbil, Naqsh-e Jahan Square, Yazd and Shiraz, Khuzestan and Isfahan, and its tangible heritage inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List; indeed its millennial civilization and thousands historical and archeological monuments and sites demonstrate variety and value of religious and spiritual heritage, rituals, intact traditions of this country as a sign of authenticity and splendor. Today we have inherited the knowledge and science from scientists, scholars and elites such as Hafez, Saadi Shirazi, Omar Khayyam, Ibn Khaldun, Farabi, IRAN The Land of Glory and Beauties Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Ferdowsi and Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi. Iran is the land of souvenirs with a lot of Bazars and traditional markets. -
Gulshan Zubair Under the Supervision of Dr. Parwez Nazir
ROLE OF MUHAMMADAN EDUCATIONAL CONFERENCE IN THE EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL UPLIFTMENT OF INDIAN MUSLIMS ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS Submitted for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In History by Gulshan Zubair Under the Supervision of Dr. Parwez Nazir Center of Advanced Study Department of History ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2015 ABSTARACT Since the beginning of the 19th century the East India Company had acquired some provinces and had laid down a well planned system of education which was unacceptable to the Muslims. For its being modern and progressive Dr. W.W. Hunter in his book ‘Indian Musalmans’ accepted that the newly introduced system of education opposed the conditions and patterns prevalent in the Muslim Community. It did not suit to the general Muslim masses and there was a hatred among its members. The Muslims did not cooperate with the British and kept them aloof from the Western Education. Muslim community also felt that the education of the Christian which was taught in the Government school would convert them to Christianity. This was also a period of transition from medievalism to modernism in the history of the Indian Muslims. Sir Syed was quick to realize the Muslims degeneration and initiated a movement for the intellectual and cultural regeneration of the Muslim society. The Aligarh Movement marked a beginning of the new era, the era of renaissance. It was not merely an educational movement but an all pervading movement covering the entire extent of social and cultural life. The All India Muslim Educational conference (AIMEC) is a mile stone in the journey of Aligarh Movement and the Indian Muslims towards their educational and cultural development. -
Hosseini, Mahrokhsadat.Pdf
A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details Iranian Women’s Poetry from the Constitutional Revolution to the Post-Revolution by Mahrokhsadat Hosseini Submitted for Examination for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Gender Studies University of Sussex November 2017 2 Submission Statement I hereby declare that this thesis has not been, and will not be, submitted in whole or in part to another University for the award of any other degree. Mahrokhsadat Hosseini Signature: . Date: . 3 University of Sussex Mahrokhsadat Hosseini For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Gender Studies Iranian Women’s Poetry from the Constitutional Revolution to the Post- Revolution Summary This thesis challenges the silenced voices of women in the Iranian written literary tradition and proposes a fresh evaluation of contemporary Iranian women’s poetry. Because the presence of female poets in Iranian literature is a relatively recent phenomenon, there are few published studies describing and analysing Iranian women’s poetry; most of the critical studies that do exist were completed in the last three decades after the Revolution in 1979. -
Persian Manuscripts
A HAND LIST OF PERSIAN MANUSCRIPTS By Sahibzadah Muhammad Abdul Moid Khan Director Rajasthan Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Arabic Persian Research Institute, Tonk RAJASTHAN MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD ARABIC PERSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAJASTHAN, TONK 2012 2 RAJASTHAN MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD ARABIC PERSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAJASTHAN, TONK All Rights Reserved First Edition, 2012 Price Rs. Published by RAJASTHAN MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD ARABIC PERSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAJASTHAN, TONK 304 001 Printed by Navjeevan Printers and Stationers on behalf of Director, MAAPRI, Tonk 3 PREFEACE Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Arabic Persian Research Institute, Rajasthan, Tonk is quenching the thirst of the researchers throughout the world like an oasis in the desert of Rajasthan.The beautiful building of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Arabic and Persian Research Institute Rajasthan, Tonk is situated in the valley of two historical hills of Rasiya and Annapoorna. The Institute is installed with district head quarters at Tonk state Rajasthan in India. The Institute is 100 kms. away at the southern side from the state capital Jaipur. The climate of the area is almost dry. Only bus service is available to approach to Tonk from Jaipur. The area of the Institute‟s premises is 1,26,000 Sq.Ft., main building 7,173 Sq.Ft., and Scholar‟s Guest House is 6,315 Sq.Ft. There are 8 well furnished rooms carrying kitchen, dining hall and visiting hall, available in the Scholar‟s Guest House. This Institute was established by the Government of Rajasthan, which has earned international repute -
Nuclear Fatwa Religion and Politics in Iran’S Proliferation Strategy
Nuclear Fatwa Religion and Politics in Iran’s Proliferation Strategy Michael Eisenstadt and Mehdi Khalaji Policy Focus #115 | September 2011 Nuclear Fatwa Religion and Politics in Iran’s Proliferation Strategy Michael Eisenstadt and Mehdi Khalaji Policy Focus #115 | September 2011 All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © 2011 by the Washington Institute for Near East Policy Published in 2011 in the United States of America by The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1828 L Street NW, Suite 1050, Washington, DC 20036. Design by Daniel Kohan, Sensical Design and Communication Front cover: Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei delivering a speech on November 8, 2006, where he stated that his country would continue to acquire nuclear technology and challenge “Western fabrications.” (AP Photo/ISNA, Morteza Farajabadi) Contents About the Authors. v Preface. vii Executive Sumary . ix 1. Religious Ideologies, Political Doctrines, and Nuclear Decisionmaking . 1 Michael Eisenstadt 2. Shiite Jurisprudence, Political Expediency, and Nuclear Weapons. 13 Mehdi Khalaji About the Authors Michael Eisenstadt is director of the Military and Security Studies Program at The Washington Institute. A spe- cialist in Persian Gulf and Arab-Israeli security affairs, he has published widely -
DEPARTMENT of PERSIAN UNIVERSITY of LUCKNOW LUCKNOW-226007 Structure of M.A. in Persian Under Choice Based Credit System Syllabu
DEPARTMENT OF PERSIAN UNIVERSITY OF LUCKNOW LUCKNOW-226007 Structure of M.A. in Persian Under Choice Based Credit System Syllabus applicable for the students seeking admission to the M.A. in Persian Program of Study w.e.f. academic year 2020-2021 subject to approval from Academic Council PROGRAMME OUTCOME The Department of Persian, University of Lucknow, has a distinct vision for Masters Degree program offered by it in Persian language and literature. The Department believes in imparting to the learners a training that would enable them to become responsible, perceptive and functional citizens who would contribute to the well-being of the society and the nation. Persian language and literature has one of the richest collections of the works produced on humanism and Sufism etc. So, along with academic excellence, present course is thus designed to inculcate a student with the sense of human values for the benefit of the society and the nation. The objective of promoting humanism through Persian literature can only be achieved through an intensive approach to literature. The curriculum focuses on the lingual as well as moral and ethical aspects of Persian literature that would help an individual to cope up with the challenges of the contemporary world. One of the prime objectives of the course is to introduce the learner about the universality of Persian literature in dealing with global issues like degradation of human values and challenges of materialism etc. There is a close relation between literature and language, hence the course primarily stresses on the comprehensive aspect of literature. Therefore, utmost care has been taken in choosing the prescribed text which has both lingual and didactic features. -
Keywords Iranian Traditional Art, Craft, Mentoring System, Islamic Chivalry (Futuwwah), Old Texts and Documents
International Journal of Arts 2015, 5(1): 1-7 DOI: 10.5923/j.arts.20150501.01 A Glance at Iranian Traditional Art Education History (Referring to Old Texts and Documents) Neda Seifi1,*, Hasan Bolkhari Ghehi2, Mehdi Mohammadzadeh1 1Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran 2University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Abstract Passing through old texts and documents, we encounter many noteworthy points about Iranian traditional art education. Despite the valuable sources, a clear scheme of this art is still missing. For sure, the excellent system of education known as mentoring system has led to such an outstanding past. Meanwhile, some movements such as Islamic chivalry, known as Futuwwah seem to be very influential. Futuwwah was a movement based on ethical principles such as chivalry, generosity, athletics and manliness. Iran researchers believe that this flow has been present since Alexander‟s attack to Iran (334 B.C). Howsoever, Futuwwah became more popular later by the arrival of Islam and it was divided into different classes and sects where the main principle was magnanimity and chivalry. The most important category included chivalrous craftsmen who were actively working since the 12th and 13th (A.D) centuries. These craftsmen had their own doctrine written in Futuwwahnamahs. Study of all these sources may open an entry towards an unknown yet mystical, magical and ethical world. Here in this article the writer aims to focus on the main problem which is tracing the roots of Iranian Islamic art education. The intended procedure is going through as many texts as one is allowed to deal with in such a short time. -
Lives in Poetry
LIVES IN POETRY John Scales Avery March 25, 2020 2 Contents 1 HOMER 9 1.1 The little that is known about Homer's life . .9 1.2 The Iliad, late 8th or early 7th century BC . 12 1.3 The Odyssey . 14 2 ANCIENT GREEK POETRY AND DRAMA 23 2.1 The ethical message of Greek drama . 23 2.2 Sophocles, 497 BC - 406 BC . 23 2.3 Euripides, c.480 BC - c.406 BC . 25 2.4 Aristophanes, c.446 BC - c.386 BC . 26 2.5 Sapho, c.630 BC - c.570 BC . 28 3 POETS OF ANCIENT ROME 31 3.1 Lucretius, c.90 BC - c.55 BC . 31 3.2 Ovid, 43 BC - c.17 AD . 33 3.3 Virgil, 70 BC - 19 AD . 36 3.4 Juvenal, late 1st century AD - early 2nd century AD . 40 4 THE GOLDEN AGE OF CHINESE POETRY 45 4.1 The T'ang dynasty, a golden age for China . 45 4.2 Tu Fu, 712-770 . 46 4.3 Li Po, 701-762 . 48 4.4 Li Ching Chao, 1081-c.1141 . 50 5 JAPANESE HAIKU 55 5.1 Basho . 55 5.2 Kobayashi Issa, 1763-1828 . 58 5.3 Some modern haiku in English . 60 6 POETS OF INDIA 61 6.1 Some of India's famous poets . 61 6.2 Rabindranath Tagore, 1861-1941 . 61 6.3 Kamala Surayya, 1934-2009 . 66 3 4 CONTENTS 7 POETS OF ISLAM 71 7.1 Ferdowsi, c.940-1020 . 71 7.2 Omar Khayyam, 1048-1131 . 73 7.3 Rumi, 1207-1273 . -
(Manouchehri Damghani and Farrokhi Sistani) with the Paintings of the Eighth Century AH
The Comparison of Appeal of the Praised One in Khorasani Style (Manouchehri Damghani and Farrokhi Sistani) with the Paintings of the Eighth Century AH Abstract Art of expression partakes diverse fields and is one of the most comprehensive and concurrently the most interesting type expression is manifested in art, the use of which undoubtedly has a significant impact on the production of quality and luxurious artwork since art is a form of expression and expression is also a practice of art. Meanwhile, in the study of poetry, as an artistic phenomenon, the first phenomenon that attracts the attention is the poet's artistic expression. Works of art, including poetry, act as a prism that presents a diverse perspective from each angle, and the collection of these perspectives provides a general and comprehensive depiction of the prism. One of the significant feature of poets is their relationship with elders and courtiers as for means of encouragement and support, hence, in the poems of such poets, the association between the poet and the praised one is clearly perceived. Among them, poets such as Farrokhi and Manouchehri have addressed “the praised one” in their poetry. This article intends to study and apply the artistic expression of poets such as Farrokhi and Manouchehri in the request for admiration from “the praised one”; moreover, the comparison of such appeals in poetry with the paintings of the eighth century AH is also focused upon. The category of request and appeal, which is one of the sub-branches of lyrical literature, has appeared in the poetry of the mentioned poets in various means and in their poetry they have expressed this feature in an artistic and diverse manner.