Earth Moving
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November 30, 2016 Lowell NHP Bus Parking Area Nobis JN 90160.00 Revised: March 3, 2017 SECTION 312000 - EARTH MOVING PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 SUMMARY A. Section Includes: 1. Excavating and filling for rough grading the Site. 2. Preparing subgrades for pavements, and turf and grasses. 3. Base course and subbase course for asphalt paving. 4. Excavating and backfilling trenches for utilities. 1.2 DEFINITIONS A. Backfill: Soil material used to fill an excavation. 1. Initial Backfill: Backfill placed beside and over pipe in a trench, including haunches to support sides of pipe. 2. Final Backfill: Backfill placed over initial backfill to fill a trench. B. Bedding Course: Aggregate layer placed over the excavated subgrade in a trench before laying pipe. C. Borrow Soil: Satisfactory soil imported from off-site for use as fill or backfill. D. Excavation: Removal of material encountered above subgrade elevations and to lines and dimensions indicated. 1. Authorized Additional Excavation: Excavation below subgrade elevations or beyond indicated lines and dimensions as directed by Engineer. Authorized additional excavation and replacement material will be paid for according to Contract provisions for changes in the Work. 2. Unauthorized Excavation: Excavation below subgrade elevations or beyond indicated lines and dimensions without direction by Engineer. Unauthorized excavation, as well as remedial work directed by Engineer, shall be without additional compensation. E. Fill: Soil materials used to raise existing grades. F. Structures: Underground structures and curbs. G. Subbase Course: Aggregate layer placed between the subgrade and hot-mix asphalt pavement base course. EARTH MOVING 312000 - 1 November 30, 2016 Lowell NHP Bus Parking Area Nobis JN 90160.00 Revised: March 3, 2017 H. Subgrade: Uppermost surface of an excavation or the top surface of a fill or backfill immediately below subbase, drainage fill, drainage course, or topsoil materials. I. Utilities: On-site underground pipes and conduits. 1.3 INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS A. Material test reports. B. Sieve Analysis. C. Compaction test report. 1.4 FIELD CONDITIONS A. Utility Locator Service: Notify utility locator service for area where Project is located before beginning earth-moving operations. B. Do not commence earth-moving operations until plant-protection measures and erosion control measures are in place. 1.5 DRAINAGE AND DEWATERING A. The contractor shall provide, at his own expense, adequate pumping and drainage facilities to keep excavated area sufficiently dry from groundwater and/or surface runoff so as not to adversely affect construction procedures or cause excessive disturbance of underlying natural ground or excavation bottom. B. The contractor shall grade and ditch the site as necessary to direct surface runoff away from open excavations and subgrade surfaces. Positive drainage (minimum 1.0% slope) shall be maintained at all times. C. Water from trenches and excavations shall be disposed of in such manner as will not cause injury to public health nor to public or private property, nor to existing work, nor to the work completed or in progress, nor to the surface of roads, walks, and streets, nor cause any interference with the use of the same by the public. The method of disposal of pump effluent shall not cause erosion or siltation. D. Under no circumstances place fill, or install piping and appurtenances in excavations containing free water. E. There shall be sufficient pumping equipment, in good working order, available at all times to remove water. EARTH MOVING 312000 - 2 November 30, 2016 Lowell NHP Bus Parking Area Nobis JN 90160.00 Revised: March 3, 2017 F. Where, in opinion of the testing laboratory, pumping of excavations is not effective in maintaining a dry firm subgrade, other dewatering methods acceptable to the testing Laboratory, shall be employed. This may include the use of well points or deep well dewatering. 1.6 FROST PROTECTION A. Do not excavate to subgrade when freezing temperatures may be expected. B. Frozen material shall not be placed as fill or backfill. 1.7 SHORING AND SHEETING A. Provide shoring, sheeting and/or bracing at excavations, as required, to prevent collapse of earth at side of excavations in accordance with local, state and federal regulations. B. Remove sheeting and shoring and the like, as backfilling operation progress, taking all necessary precautions to prevent collapse of excavation sides. PART 2 - PRODUCTS 2.1 SOIL MATERIALS A. General: Provide borrow soil materials when sufficient satisfactory soil materials are not available from excavations. B. Subbase Course: Shall conform to MassDOT M2.01.7 Dense Graded Crushed Stone for Subbase C. Bedding Sand: Shall conform to MassDOT M1.04.1 Sand Borrow, or pipe manufacturer’s recommendations. D. ¾ Inch Crushed Stone: Shall conform to MassDOT M2.01.4. E. 1 ½ inch Crushed Stone: Shall conform to MassDOT M2.01.1. 2.2 BACKFILL MATERIAL A. On Site material for use in compacted backfill shall be natural, inorganic, granular soil, taken from areas of excavation after stripping of topsoil and removal of unsuitable material. On site material may only be used as backfill in landscaped areas. B. Material containing organic matter, topsoil, organic silt, peat, or soft or frost susceptible soil is unsuitable for any of the following uses: 1. Backfill beneath pavement and within 5 ft. of subgrade EARTH MOVING 312000 - 3 November 30, 2016 Lowell NHP Bus Parking Area Nobis JN 90160.00 Revised: March 3, 2017 2. Bearing strata material 3. Bedding C. Backfill materials shall be free from rock greater than 8 in. in diameter or length, having largest dimension greater than ¾ lift thickness, or greater than ½ cf in volume, and foreign matter, such as construction debris, trash, wood, roots, leaves, sod, organic matter, or soft clay and silt. Backfill shall be clean, non-organic material, of non-swelling character, capable of being readily compacted to form a solid, stable embankment. Material containing ice or frozen lumps shall not be employed. D. Backfill material shall be well graded within the specified limits. Gradation of materials shall be determined in accordance with ASTM C 136. 1. Granular Fill (for over-excavation) shall be sand-gravel mixture, graded within the following limits: Sieve Size % Passing by Weight 1 – ½ in. 100 No. 4 20-60 No. 40 10-35 No. 200 0-8 2. ¾ inch Crushed Stone (for utilities) shall be gravel, crushed quarry rock or crushed gravel, from off-site source graded within the following limits: Sieve Size % Passing by Weight 1 in. 100 ¾ in. 90-100 3/8 in. 20-55 No. 4 0-10 No. 8 0-5 3. 1 ½” inch Crushed Stone (for access drive) shall be gravel, crushed quarry rock or crushed gravel, from off-site source graded within the following limits: Sieve Size % Passing by Weight 2 in. 100 1 1/2 in. 95-100 1 in. 35-70 ¾ in. 0-25 EARTH MOVING 312000 - 4 November 30, 2016 Lowell NHP Bus Parking Area Nobis JN 90160.00 Revised: March 3, 2017 4. Common Fill (in Landscape areas) shall be bankrun sand, gravel, or mixture thereof graded within the following limits. Sieve Size % Passing by Weight 6 in. 100 No. 4 30-95 No. 200 0-15 5. Dense-graded Crushed Stone (for Subbase) shall consist of inert material that is hard, durable stone and coarse sand, free from loam and clay, surface coating and deleterious material. Gradation requirement for gravel shall be determined by MassDOT M2.01.7 and shall conform to the following limits. Sieve Size % Passing by Weight 2 in. 100 1- 1/2 in. 70-100 ¾ in. 50-85 No. 4 30-55 No. 50 8-24 No. 200 3-10 PART 3 - EXECUTION 3.1 PREPARATION A. Protect structures, utilities, pavements, and other facilities from damage caused by settlement, lateral movement, undermining, washout, and other hazards created by earth-moving operations. B. Protect and maintain erosion and sedimentation controls during earth-moving operations. C. Protect subgrade soils from freezing temperatures and frost. Remove temporary protection before placing subsequent materials. 3.2 EXCAVATION, GENERAL A. Unclassified Excavation: Excavate to subgrade elevations regardless of the character of surface and subsurface conditions encountered. Unclassified excavated materials may include rock, soil materials, and obstructions. No changes in the Contract Sum or the Contract Time will be authorized for rock excavation or removal of obstructions. EARTH MOVING 312000 - 5 November 30, 2016 Lowell NHP Bus Parking Area Nobis JN 90160.00 Revised: March 3, 2017 3.3 EXCAVATION FOR PAVEMENTS A. Excavate surfaces under pavements to indicated lines, cross sections, elevations, and subgrades. B. Subgrades should be cleared of asphalt, vegetation, stump and debris and grubbed, and any loose, wet, organic, or other unsuitable materials should be removed and replaced with compacted Processed Gravel or Reclaimed Pavement Borrow Material. After clearing and removal of unsuitable materials the subgrade should be proof-rolled. C. Backfill should not be placed over a subgrade with standing water or that is frozen. Standing water, if any, should be removed and any soft and yielding soil should be removed and allowed to dry prior to backfill placement. If the subgrade is frozen it should be thawed and recompacted prior to placement of backfill. D. Proof-rolling shall consist of at least 6 passes of 10 ton vibrating drum compactor. Any soft or loose zones or rutting identified by the proof-rolling shall be evaluated by excavation and replaced with compacted Processed Gravel or Reclaimed Pavement Borrow Material, as necessary. 3.4 EXCAVATION FOR UTILITY TRENCHES A. Excavate trenches to indicated gradients, lines, depths, and elevations. B. Excavate trenches to uniform widths to provide the following clearance on each side of pipe or conduit. Excavate trench walls vertically from trench bottom to 12 inches higher than top of pipe or conduit unless otherwise indicated.