bury, and the mass of country drained by the Capertee Wiseman's Ferry, and here the newly made road and Wolgan streams. northward commences at the ten mile stone. 69 On the left is King George's Mount,-this is the From Twelve-mile Hollow, a branch road may be made saddle-backed hill seen from Sydney. extending easterly, to Brisbane water, avery interest- 77 Head of the Grose River; the Darling Causeway ing portion of the country, and where there is much divides it from the River Lett; descend to good land but partially taken up. There is already 78 Collett's Inn, on the Great Western Road. (See a track across Mangrove Creek, a branch of the page 109). Hawkesbury, on which are many small farms and set- tlers, and across the heads of Popran creek, a branch of GREAT NORTH ROAD. the Mangrove, and Mooney Mooney Creek, another branch of the Hawkesbury ; this track reaches Brisbane 49% Cross the river Hawkesbury by a punt, the breadth of water, at about 20 miles from the Hollow. the river being about 260 yards. 629 On the left the Huts, at a small place called Frog 504 Reach the summit of the ridge, by the new ascent, Hollow, belonging to Mr. Wiseman. Mangrove Creek which, as compared with the old road to that point is about two miles on the right, many streams flow to from the river, is shorter by 23 miles. Here, on the it from the valleys below the road. left, is the Soldier's encampment and stockade on a 622 On the right, Mount Macleod and beyond it, nearly little stream running into the Macdonald river, or first parallel to the road, is a deep ravine, with a fine rivulet brancbThe Macdonald is seen on the left, with a part of the purest water running to Mangrove Creek. of the Hawkesbury, the many cultivated farms on On the left, Mount Baxter, the ravines on the left also their banks forming a noble view ; the Macdonald is contain running streams of water which fall into the navigable for a considerable distance, and is thickly river Macdonald. studded with grants as far up as Boree Swamp ; there 642 The road crosses a narrow neck on the right, under are not less than 50 or 60 farms in cultivation on this Judge Dowling's range, formerly named the " Devil's river, which takes its rise under the mountains of War- Back Bone," when the path was alongits summits. This reng and Yengo. Further to the west, and running range affords an agreeable shade in the afternoon to tra- almost parallel with the Macdonald, is Webb's Creek, vellers on the new road, which is cut across its eastern on which there are also many farms. slopes in a line nearly level. To the north-west, 55 Streams on either side running on the right to the Yengo, a remarkable flat-topped mountain is seen, and Hawkesbury river, and forming Mill Creek, and on further to the westward, Tayan, and the summits of left into the Macdonald river. mountains about Capertee. 58 On the right, heads of Sugee-bag Creek, a branch of The road reaches a low and flat part of the chain, and Mangrove Creek, and of Gauderman Creek, flowing onapproaching Hungry flat, the mountain of Warro- into the Hawkesbury ; the road from the summit at wolong, an important point in the trigonometrical sur- 603 is along a barren ridge, and continues in a winding vey, appears cleared, with the exception of a few trees direction to left on its summit, which is 1,700 feet above its im- 59j) Twelve mile Hollow-this spot is 94 miles from mediate base. This mountain is well known at sea by thename of Hat Hill. From Warrawolong, the moun- About a mile and a half on the riglit is a mountain called tain of Jellore, in Camden, distaut 98 miles, may be Kulinbun, and east, about 8 miles in direct distance, distinctly seen. Warrawolong. The stream which the road follows, 68 On the left, Hungry Bat, where there is however good is sometimes called .Sugar-loaf Creek, but is more water flowing to Mangrove Creek. p-roper1 the Wollombi ; it takes its rise on the south 71 On the left, about a mile off, is Mount Lockyer. side of karrawolong, and on the north side of War- 714 Simpson's Pass ; here you cross the ridge, and de- rawolong, the Watagan Creek rises, joining the Wol- scend by a very favourable natural terrace, to Circuit lombi just below Laguna. Flat, which extends to 874 On the right, Laguna, Heneage Finch, Esq. A large i5Q On the right, Mount Manning. and never failing lagoon, part of the Wollombi stream, There are various fine streams in the ravines on the left, is the principal feature of this estate. which being of easy access, might be available for % On the right is the junction of the Watagan and Wol- Mills. lombi, before alluded to, down the Watagan are some 7% On the right, Dennis's Dog Kennel, a spot where grants, and farther still are flats of the finest land there are good grass and water. suitable for small farms. 79 On the right, Mount Macquoid:--one continuous flat The road continues along the left bank of the Wollombi range extends from this hill to the South-east in a brook, to very straight direction to Brisbane water, and will ad- 93 Wollombi Bridge. mit of a very good and important intermediate line of 933- GovernmentHuts, and to the left is the junction of the communication with the sea, at that inlet; the distance Ellalong branch of the Wollombi river. At this spot being about 30 miles ; the country on either side is . a reserve has been made for the village of Wollombi, scrubby and of little value. as it is intended that the great north road towards the The range, separating the waters of the Hawkeshury upper and central districts of Hunter's river, is to be from those of the Hunter, extends westward towards continned along a ridge which is connected with the Yengo ; Mount Macquoid and Mount Simpson are Broken-back ridge, and extends from the junction of upon it. the streams to the heights overlooking Blaxland's and 80 On the left, Mount Simpson, beyond which the road Rodd's stations, from thence it would oi~lycross the descends into a long valley which leads to the Wol- Wollombi once,near its jrlnction with the Hunter, and lombi district ;--on the right are the fans of Orpen and just after being joined by the proposed line of road Murray. The improvement of the soil in these farther- from Maitland, it would cross the Hunter at a town- most ramifications of the rich district of Hunter's river, ship reserve named Lemington. At present the way is very perceptible, and the traveller, after crossing a for horsemen is along the valley of the Wollombi, on second small arm of the Wollombi valley, reaches the westward of this intended line, and for Drays 863 On the right, the Inn kept by Mr. Richard Wiseman, along the Maitland road by Pat Dowlan's Inn. where he may enjoy, after a mountain ride, the full Down the Wollombi, about ten miles below the village benefit of a well-cooked dinner, and very clean and reserve, the farm5 commence, and either bank is located comfortable accommodation. all the way to the Hunter. The principal farms are those of hlessrs. Dunn, Townshend and Rodd ; Mr. 1194 Cross another chain of ponds, being the heads of the Blaxland who keeps his sheep here, has a tract of Purendurra Brook. about 8,000 acres, and on the west bank at Parsons 1194 On the right,-. road from Newcastle through Maitland, Creek, is " Mibro Dale," the estate of the Reverend -(See page ). Richard Hill. The horse track is continued from the 1203 Enter Patrick's Plains, and the estate of James Wollombi, up the south bank of the Hunter to Jerry's Mudie, Esq.; a. little further you cross the line of

Plains and the Goulburn. the 1~ro~osed new road from Maitland. Fol10~-ingthe course of the Ellaloilg branch st The communication between !Uaitland and the upper 95 On the opposite side some small grants have been lately parts of this extensive valley, watered by a river selected, and from whose course in a direct distance from the sea, extends 963 to the 125 miles ; having become of increased importance 100 you pass through several farms recently located to since the introduction of steain navigation, it is most Veterans, there being rich patches of alluvial soil, and desirable that the line of road should be opened in fine forest land, on the banks of this rivulet. the best direction. Wherever two roads can be united 102 On the left, Pat Doulan's Inn. into one, without adding much to their length, it is 1024 Bridge across the Ellalong branch. expedient, as so many roads are wanting at once in an 104 On the right, the road to Maitland and Port Stephens. extensive country, thinly peopled, that they should (See page 1. be joined so as to form the letter T, rather than V, About a mile on the right is Ellalong Lagoon, situated as it is obvious that much road and bridge making in the centre of Mr. R: Crawford's grant, and adjoining may thus be saved. On this principle, it is proposed to the south are the grants of Mr. T. Crawford, and to make the road from Maitland to the upper district, others; to the east for 6 miles up the valleg through join the north road, as already stated, near the junction which the waters of Ellalong Bow, are many grants, of the Wollombi with the Hunter. The present the pasturage being very luxuriant, and the timber in road from Maitland is along the opposite bank of the the gullies very valuable-Cedar, Rosewood, &c. Hunter, and crosses many strong streams from the being found of magnificent growth. mountains,all of which are to be avoided by a straight The road now passes by the east side of the Brokeo- line from Maitland towards Lemington, along the back range, and at very Bat country on the right or southern bank of the 110 is the corner of Macdonald's Farm ; further on, de- river; the whole distance between Maitland and scending the Broken-back, you reach the extensive Lemington being 38 miles, the line passing thro igh open country watered by the Wollombi and Hunter ; the reserves of Purendurra, Whittingharn, Warliwo~th, large farming establishments are to be found on every aud through the farms of Thorpe, Mudie, hlalcombe, side, in this fertile district. Cobb, Longford, and others. 114 Enter the estate of Richard Jones, Esq., who ha8 a 123 Onthe right, CastleForbes, the residence of nfr. Mudie, large tract of 14,000 acres, and keeps all his fine 1239 Cross Munnimbah Brook. woolled sheep here. 124 Enter the Church grant of Whiitingham, or Patrick's 118 Cross Chain of Ponds. Plains. R 1264 On the right, the residence of G. R. White, Esq., township of Lemington; three miles further you Assistant Surveyor. come immediately opposite Jerry's Plains, situated on 128 On the left is a track to the south-west, known as the the southern bank of the Hunter; here some arrange- Bulga, or old road, and by which cattle used formerly ments have been lately made for the establishment to travel to and from Cumberland, passing through of a Police station ; .there is also a track through the estates of M6Dougall, Earl, and Warren, it crosses Jerry's Plains, connecting downwards with the horse the Wollombi, passes through the west end of the road along the valley of the Wollombi, before alluded Rev. Mr. Hill's Farm, and enters the Bulga pass ; to, (yee page 129), and upwards, with the track from thence its course is southerly passing by the now describing, which, following the course of the head of the first branch, under, and to the westward Hunter, reaches Sadlier's farm ; here it brai~chesoff, of the mountains Warreng and Yengo. (See 43 miles the one track going straight on to Twickenham Mea- on Bell7&road, page 122). dows, and more particularly to Merton, the residence 1284 On the left, S~ngleton'sInn, and ford across the of William Ogilvie, Esq., J. P., and the farm of Dr. River Hunter, called Singleton's Ford ; at this spot Peter Cunningham, the author of " Letters from a Post-office has been established. The road con- Sydney;"-these farms are about 25 miles from tinues through an indifferent country, and at Glennie's ; the other track turns to the south, crossing 135 Enters Dulwich estate. About a mile on the left, at the Hunter at Blaxlandysand Doyle's farms, and con-

136 Is Dulwich, the residence of James Glennie, Esq. J.P. , tinuing upwards, along the southern bank of the Hunter, 13* Cross Falbrook, a very considerable branch of the it crossesthe Goulburn River a littleabove its confluence Hunter, taking its rise to the north, in the mountains, with the Hunter, and follows the course of Gunqal the principal of which is known as Mount Royal ; it Brook, being the road to Gammon Plains, Bow is also from this mass that the Patterson, the Allyn, Plains, Waibong, kc. (See road to Mudgee and theWilliam, the Chichester, and the branch erroneously PandoraysPass, page 118 ). called the Hunter take their rise, as well as the To the south of the confluence are some small farms, Gloucester, and other branches of the Manning River. and the grants of Greig, Doyle, and Wilkinson, and Up the Palbrook, above the Ford, are the estates of a curious valley, called Carter's Valley, through Messrs. Coulson, Lethbridge, and A. B. Spark, and which flows a chain of ponds. further, under Mount Dyrrin, are those of figessrs. To the north, as far down the Hunter as Muscle Brook, Black and Busby. The Goorangoolah and Carrow are the whole of the land is located. This tract is known branches of Falbrook, flowingalso from the north ;their as Twickenham Meadows ; the soil is a fine red loam, confluences with Falbrook being also above Glennie's of snch great depth, that although it is very fertile in Ford, upon which is Alcorn's inn and a Post Office. wet seasons, in dry ones it becomes a desert. 137& Cross a chain of ponds. 1389 Cross a chain of ponds-a branch of Foy Brook. On the left is the track towards the Goulburn ; it first 140 Enter the estate of Doctor Bowman, a tract of passes through the farm of Weller, a village reserve, 11,000 acres, used principally as a sheep run. Cross the farm of Powditch, and the Church grant of Vane. several chains of ponds, branches of Foy Brook ; Dr. At ahout nine miles is Tooth's farm, here the track Bowman's farm buildings are to the right of the road. crosses the new line of North ~oadjust above the 143 Enter the Church grant of Liddell,-to the left is a village reserve. Kingdon Ponds ; following the course of these 1448 And ~onds,at 147 Cross chains of ponds, forming a creek that has no 1714 On the leftis the Bridle track to Liverpool Plains; this other name ; the water is brackish. track first crosses Kingdom Ponds, then enters Hols- ' - 150 One mile on the left is the marked line for the new worthy Downs, then crosses Dart Brook, to the estate North road. of J. Bingle, Esq., J. P., consisting of many purchased 154 Farms of the Misses Jenkins. farms ; the track now follows the course of Dart Brook, 155 Enter the estate of Chief Justice Forbes. along its southern bank, ttirol~ghthe grants of Messrs. 156 Cross AIuscle Brook, and enter a village reserve. Scales and Bell, and about 184 n~ilesfrom Sydney is 1579 To the left, about a quarter of a mile, Rluscle Brook the grant of E. Spark, jun. on the oppositeside of the enters the Hunter, and a little further down, the new brook, and at about 188 on the left, is the track, road will cross that river. extending southerly to Waibong, par:icularly to the From this neighbourhood there is a track extending residence of Mr. Forsyth, and onwards by Gain- north-westerly to the Waibong. mon Plains, Bow Plains, and Bilong, to RIrldgee and 160 Cross St. Hellier's Brook, and enter the estate of Bathurst, or to the Talbraga country, being the line of Colonel Dumaresq. co~nmunicationbetween the most distant parts of the 1614 On the left is the house of St. Hellier's, a splendid northern and western counties, (see road to Mudgee mansion, and a little further up, the Dart Brook joins and Pandora's Pass, page 116) and from the west to the Hunter from the west. the sooth, by way of Burrandong,Wellington Valley, 164 Enter a village reserve, extending to the Boree country, Warwick Plains, Burrawa Plains, 1654 Where you ford the Hunter, and enter the County and so to Yass and theMorumbidgee,(see road to Goul- of Brisbane, and the lands of Messrs. Dangar and bicrn Plains, page 101) thus forming a line of com- M'Intyre. munication bet~veenLiverpool Plains on the north, One mile up the Hunter, Segenhoe, the magnificent and Yass Plains on the sooth. This Waibong track estate of Potter McQueen, Esq., commences, contain- connects also with the Gungal track, leading to the ing 24,000 acres,and extending six miles up theHunter, confluence of the Goulburn and Hunter. and about eight miles up Page's River. Enough has Continuing up Dart Brook, at 193 miles from Sydney, been said of the park-like scenery of the Hunter, but you gain the sunimit of the Liverpool range, and con- nothing in the Colony, if taken as a whole, can tinuing along it about a mile and a half, descend into compare with Segenhoe. Further up the Hunter, the Plains ; on your left, the nearest point of the range about ten miles, is the grant of H. C. Sempill, Esq., is Tcrell, distant about four miles, and about eight and up the Page are the grants of Stewart, at Gunda miles further is Wereid, or Oxley's Peak-Moan, or Gunda, and White, and a recent selection of 15,000 Mount McArthur, and others, the most prominent acres for Hart Davis, Esq. points in the range ; to the right is Towarra, about The road continues through St. German's Meadow. two miles off, and Tinagroo, some six miles further. 167 On the left is the confluence of Dart Brook with the Continuing up the valley of the Kingdon Ponds on thd east bank, at 1724 Is a large Government reserve. With a few ex- interior country is known. From this point, Major ceptions, the locations now cease, but the whole dis- Mitchell, the Surveyor-General, has lately set out on trict, from Muscle Brook, upwards, is entirely located, an exploring expedition ; much anxiety is entertained the soil being somewhat similar to Twickenham Rfea- dows, but the surface more undulating. for the result ; and from the known talent of that Officer, the Colonists are satisfied that the most valu- 176 Pass through the grants of Dale, and William able information will be derived from his tour. Dumaresq, Esq. ; on the west is a Township, and another Government reserve. BRANCH OF THE GREAT NORTH ROAD LEADING 177 Pass through another Government reserve. FROM THE WOLLOMBI, THROUGH MAITLAND, 179 Mr. George Sparke's grant, and on the west is the TO THE WILLIAM RIVER, PORT STE- grant of Dr. Little. PHENS, THE MANNING, AND 184 About a mile on the right is the burning hill of Win- PORT MACQUARIE. gen, the only mountain of a volcanic nature at pre- sent known in New Holland. The whole of the sur- 1039 011the left, leave the Great North Road. rounding country is strewed with petrifactions, and The road in present use, between this and Maitland, has interesting geological specimens. been but lately made. There are two old tracks, ex- 187 On the left 1s a grant of Mr. A. Levingstone. tending from this point to the north and north-east. 188 Cross the range dividing the waters of Kingdon Ponds, That to the north, on the left of the present road, from those of Page's river ; about a mile on the left is crosses Black creek at McDonald's farm, at 113 miles Merrylaw, a lofty conic mountain, a point in a range from Sydney ;-three miles further, at Coulson's farm, connecting with the Liverpool range, at Tinagroo. it meets the road from Newcastle to Patrick's plains, 192 Meet the waters of Page's river, which takes its rise at the 32d mile (see that road, page ) ; 2& miles between the Merrylaw and the Liverpool range, and further, it meets an old track from Rfaitland upwards, flows easterly to Stewart's and White's grants, at and at 120 miles from Sydney it crosses Anvil creek ; Gunda Gunda ; on the north bank of the Page are the at 123 miles from Sydney it crosses the Hunter, at grants of Warland and Onge, following up the course Rfaziere's farm, now the residence of George Wynd- of the Page and crossing its channel two or three ham, Esq. called Dalwood. The track now passes times at through the Church grant and village reserve of Wol- 198 You cross the dividing range, and enter Liverpool fingham, and follows the course of Bundanbing Plains ; on these extensive flats are manystations, and brook, up L'amb's valley, and leading to the east, the road thus far is a very well-marked cart track at crosses the Paterson river at Adair's farm, 134 miles present, across a low part of that mountain barrier from Sydney, and half a mile further joins the road which forms the present limits of the Colony, on the to Port Stephens, now describing, at the 141st mile. north. This is the point by which the Surveyor Gene- The track on the right of the present road, throl~ghan ral has been guided, in laying down a road, northward unlocated cou~~try,passes by Tornalpin hill ; here a from Sydney ; how far it may be necessary to carry branch goes off, passing throiigh the farms of Rf'Gil- that road beyond, remains to be determined, when the livary and Bloomfield, (called Lochdon ald Dag- worth,) to Wallis' plains ; the other branch continues onwards, crossing Wallis' creek at the farnls of Brooks here also is a lock-up, and a school-house, used as a and Rlrs. Palmer, about 118 miles from Sydney ; chapel. Froin Swan's you cross the Paterson to about 8 ~nilesfurther it meets the road from New- a track called Binder's path, leading easterly to Cla- castle at the 12tli mile ; then, passing through several rence Town, at the head of the navigation of the farms, crosses the Hunter, a little below its confluence William river, and connecting thereabouts with the with the Williuni, from whence the track is through tracks from Nelson's plains to the upper part of the the farms of Hood, Pennington, Thew, and King ; William, and with the Port Stephens roads. and then north-easterly, through a sandy poor country 131 Village reserve ; to the west are the lands leased by to the Iiarrnali riler, which ~t crosses, and turns sooth- the Government, to Mr. Nowlan, for a sheep run. easterly, to the Port Stephens settlement. 133 Cross Pumbe creek, dividing the farms of Webber, 1054 Bridge ; and, on the left, the farm of Mr. E. C. (called Tucal) and of Phillips (called Bonavista) ; Atkinson. their residences are on the right. The road bends eas- 109 Campbell's farm. terly to the river at 110 Bridge. The road from this is through an unlocated 135 Where there is about 100 acres of land, recently pur- country-unlil, at chased by the Government for a public wharf and 118 You rzach a krm belonging to T. M. W. Winder, Esq. resting-place ;-the road follows the course of the 119 Bridge across a chain of ponds running to Wallis' river, winding under mount Johnson, and a range creek. called Bnnduckaluck. 120 Bridge ; and join the road from Newcastle to Pa- 136 Enter Broughton's farm, called Tillingby. trick's plains at 254 miles (see page ), which road 137 The navigation of the Paterson ceases. is followed through the farms of Dwyer, Itutherford, 139 Leave Broughton's farm, and enter Vasy, a purchase Stranger and others, to of Mr. John Cory's. 1244 Ford across the Hunter. A more detailed account 140 Cross the Paterson, and enter the estate of Mr. Adair. of this interesting part of the country will be fonnd 140$ On the right is Pattimore, Mr. Adair's residence. in the description of tlie road from Newcastle to Pa- 141 Meet the track by Black creek, Winder's and trick's plains (see page ). Lambe's valley, alluded to at the commencement of You now enter the county of Durham, and pass through this road. the fine farms of hI'Dougal1, of Brown (called BIII- The road now takes an easterly course, and at warra), of S. L. Harris (called Goulburn Grove) and 142h Crosses the Allyn river, a branch of the Paterson, of Dr. Evans (called Bellevne.) Dr. Evans' residence and enters the estate of Mr. E. G. Cory, who has is to the left, on the banks of the river Paterson, to about 5000 acres here. To the right, on the banks of which the road eradually approaches. the Paterson, is Vineyard cottage, formerly Mr. Cory's 130 Enter tlie Church grant of Paterson's plains, occupy- residence, but now about to be let for an inn, Mr ing both sides of the Paterson river. These plains Cory having built a new house called Gostwick, a were amongst the spots first cultivated in this dis- little to the east. Mr. Cory has also a water mill trict. An old man, named Swan, has a farm between here, just above the navigation. the road and the river, in a high state of improvement: The Paterson and Allyn, as before stated, take their rise 6 in the Mount Royal mountains, to tlie north-west. known as Wallarobba. The soil is not rich, but the They flow nearly parallel to each other, at an ave- grass is plentiful, the timber being very scanty ; there rage distance of about two miles, being divided by a are also small plains clear of timber. ridge, whose spurs form many picturesque valleys, in 148 On the right, grant of Mr. Matthew Chapman. which are spots of the richest soil. Much tobacco is l50+ Head of Uwarabin creek. cultivated here, by Messrs. Townshend, Webber, 151 On the right, village reserve of Uwarabin. Park, Boydel, and others, whose grants are upon 152 Cross the track from Clarence Town to the Upper these rivers. William; on the left, it joins theupper William road at There is a track, from the neighbourhood of Adair's the 153d mile (see page 132), and also leads across the and Cory's, passing upwards between the rivers for William to Major Sullivan's grant, called Thalaba, sit- about ten miles, crossing the Allyn, and then that uated at the confluence of, and between the William part of the range dividing the Allyn and William, and the Wangi, or Thalaba rivers. On the right, the called Mount Windeyer, and reaching the upper part track passes through the Church grant of Uffington to of the William. No road has yet been planned in Clarence town, distant about 5 miles !-in the north- this direction, but it will no doubt be the road even- east corner of the Church grant is Singleton's water tually followed, instead of the very circuitous one mill, very judiciously placed, so as to grind for all this now travelled by Wallarobba, and the Myall creek extensive district. On the left are the grants of (see road from Wallarobla to the Upper Ffilliam, M'Donald, Hillier, Fowler, and Smeothman. page135). 155& Cross the William ;--on the left is the junction of There is also a track to the west, from the neighbour- Doorel Doorel creek. You now enter the county of hood of Adair's, passing by the head of Glendon Gloucester, and the largest Church grant that has yet brook, on which stream are the large estates of Messrs. been made, being the entire seventh of the county of R. and H. Scott, consisting of about 10,000 acres ;- Gloucester; this grant and that of the Australian Ag- passing also the heads of West brook and Wattle ponds, and joining the Great North road at Glennie's, ricultural Comppny, forms a prominent feature on the thus connecting this portion of the country, and all the map of this Settlement. districts of the east, Port Stephens, William's river, Passing through a very broken cduntry, you cross, at the and other places, with the western districts of Twic- Karuah river, into the Company's grant, at their store- kenham meadows, Dart brook, Gammon plains, Tal- house, called Booral : the road now turns to the south-east, at 170 miles you cross a branch of the braga, &c. &c. ; a more northerly communication Karuah, and at 180 miles you reach Carrington, the being at present impracticable, in consequence of the Company's settlement. intervention of the mountains, in which the streams From Booral the track towards the Manning is up the flowing southerly to the Hunter take their rise. valley of the Karuah ; keeping the east bank, at 147 On the right, road to the Upper William and Chi- chester rivers see ~a~e144); you now descend the 170 On the left, junction of the Stroud river, a branch of range, which 6ivides the waters of the Paterson and the Karuah river; here is one of the Company's William, and enter upon a fine dry grazing district, sheep stations, called Aldirlee. 172 Strood, the Company's principal Agricultural estab- danger there is to be apprehended from the natives. lishment. The Delta of the Manning forms several islands, 178 Cross Brogden's river, a branch of the Stroud, and named Mitchell, Oxley, Dumaresq, and Jones'islands. enter Campbell's valley. The river has two, outlets, Farquhar to the south, 188 Cross Ward's river, one of the sources of the Karuah. and Harrington inlet to the north. There are some On the right is the range dividing the Karuah from the fine alluvial plains bere, but they are subject to flood : Myall* and other rivers, flowing into the coast lakes the principal are St. Vincent plains and Jamaica plains. called Wallis' and Smith's, or Myall lake. Passing up the west branch, opposite Dumaresq island, On the left is a broken inaccessible country. you cross at 189 Cross the range dividing the waters of Port Stephens 234 Damon's river, and enter one of the estates of Hart from those of the Manning, and enter the vale of Davis, Esq. consisting- of 15,000 acres ; it is inter- Glouceater ; both the vallies of the Karuah and Glou- sected at - cester are well watered, and form noble sheep runs : 237 By Dickinson's creek ; it is mostly fine forest land. following on the east bank the course of the Avon To the right is Mr. Guilding's grant. river, you reach, at 240 Cross Lamdown river. To the right, on the sea 204 On the left, the confluence of the Avon with the coast, is a large township reserve, extending from Gloucester river, and at Harrington inlet to Crowdy bay. Proceeding nor- 208 On the left, the confluence of the Gloucester with therly, you leave M'Leay's ranges to the west, and, on the Manning. approaching Watson Taylor's lake, you leave, to the 210 Cross the Manning river ; this ford is about 30 miles west, the hills known as the South and West Ero- from the mouth of the Manning. You are now be- thers. yond the Company's grant, and in the county of Mac- 252 Reach Watson Taylor's lake. quarie : the track is down the Manning ; at 256 Cross John's river flowing into Watson Taylor's lake, 226 You cross the Dingo river flowing into the Manning, and pas round the base of the North Brother, to where there is a track for cattle towards Port Mac- 259 The soldiers' hut. When Port Macquarie was a quarie. penal settlement, soldiers were placed here to prevent 229 Cross Cruikshank creek. the runaways from getting across these waters to the 231 Grant of Wm. Wpter, Esq. of the Royal Navy, who Manning and Port Stephens. resides here with his family ; he is the on1 settler at 260 Arm of Queen's lake. To the left is Queen's lake, a present in this neighbourhood : formerly fessrs. On- pwtty circular sheet of water ; to the right is Cam- slow and Guilding, who have grants here, were resi- den haven ; the bar has six feet water. There is also dents. Mr. Wynter has lived here for two or three an arm connecting the haven with Watson Taylor's years, thus affording sufficient evidence of the little lake. These arms and lakes are navigable for boats, and tbe whole surrounding country is very interesting. This river must not be mistaken for the Myall creek, a branch of the The three Brothers, before alluded to, being promi- William Myall, in the native language, signifies "wild," and many ' rivers and places, not well known to the natives, have obtained this nent featn1;es in the landscape, they are visible at a appellation. great distance, a pd arc well known at sea. Having crossed the arm of Queen's lake, there is a sea Wilson's river, a branch of the Maria. Bahlingarrah coast track, as well as a Cart track, to Port Mac- is about 12 miles from the settlement, and was for- quarie, following the Cart track, at merly one of the Government establishments, but is 268 Cross Ten-mile creek, at the village reserve of Kow- now reserved for a township. On the left is a very ara : from this to Five-mile creek you skirt the Burra- high mountain, called Mount Cairncross or Coulah- wan, a fresh water lake, lying to the east between patamboh ; here you cross the Wilson twice, and, you and the sea. following its course about five miles, you reach Rol- 271 Enter Campbell's grant. lins' plains, where there was another large Govern- 272 Cross Five-mile creek : on the left is a track leading ment agricultural establishment, and extensive build- through the farm of Warlters, across the Narran or ings :-four miles further you reach Crotty's plains on King's river, and north of the Brokenbago ranges to the south bank, and Vincent's plains on the north the village reserve of Barombin on the Hastings, be- bank of the Wilson ; these are fine tracts of land. yond which there are no locations ; but many beauti- The grants of the Rev. Mr. Cross, Messrs. Parker, ful spots on either bank of the river, aud a very fine Allan, and Geary, and Mrs. A. C. Innes, are situated interior country both to the north and south ; p.arti- here. cularly between the Ellenborough and the Hastings, From Blackman's point, about five miles up the Hast- on the south. ings river, is the townshi of Hay ;-this is at the On the right you enter Major Innes' grant, his residence head of the navigation of t\ e Hastings, and at a spot is beautifully situated on the banks of the lake. particularly favourable for laying out a large town. 275 You enter the township reserve of Port Macquarie. Further down, between Hay and Barombin, are the 277 Cross the Kooloonbung creek. grants of John hlaughan Esq., Lieut. Mitchell, R. N. 278 Gain the settlement or town of Port Macquarie. This Messrs. Cross, Waterton, and Mrs. Parker. town is situated on a square point of land bounded From Port Macquarie, northerly, there is no beaten by the ocean on the east, and by the Kooloonbung track, and the country may present some obstructions creek on the west. There is a Church, Government to the formation of a road ; travelling is not, however, House, Commissariat Stores, Barracks, &c. here al- difficult : the blacks follow the coast, which is a suc- ready, together with some cottages and other ingre- cession of sandy beaches, extending from Port Mac- dients of a town, and many allotments have been re- quarie to Point Plomer, from thence to Crescent cently alienated. The town is governed, at present, head, thence to Point Korogoro, thence to Smoaky by a Military Commandant. From the town there is Cape, and thence to Trial Bay. The customary way a road crossing the mouth of the Kooloonbung creek, is by boating up the Maria, the most important river by a bridge of some extent ; two miles on this road is in this coentry, being navigable in a direct dktance Settlement farm : and two miles further, at the con- northerly for about twenty miles. In passing up this fluence of the Hastings and Maria rivers, you cross the river, from Blackman's point,. the country on either Hastings by a punt to Blackman's point, and the road side is swampy and low ; thee miles up, is a remark- continues to the north-west through Mr. Richard able bend of the river, almost forming an island, and Smith's grant, and across to Bahlingarrah, on the on the left are Roberts' plains ; three or four miles further is tlie confluence with tlie Wilson river, at 158 On the right, village rescrrc of \Viliurgl~~~lly; here Penelon's island ; on the right is a pretty country, the Rlyall Creek joins the William, tlie road follow- known as John's plains and Lovely banks. Three ing the collrse of the Myall, along its western bank. miles further is the confluence with Piper's creek, and 159 Cross Derriga and hlontyac, two small streams r~~nning at the head of the navigation is a village reserve,* even into the Myall, through Mr. C. L. Brown's grant at this distance from the sea and very near the 1594 On the right, Dungog, a high hill, part of the range, source of the river the tide is seen to flow, the coun- dividing the waters of the William and Myall. try being so level that ttds stream is more like a canal 161& Cross the Myall, under another high hill called Pun- than a river. From the head of the navigation is a tolba, situated in Mrs. Thompson's grant. portage of about six miles, to the New, or MCLeay 16% Hut. river ; here your boat is again launched, and you na- 1633 Grant of Charles Windeyer, Esq., J. P., called Til- vigate a sort of salt water inlet, to Trial Bay, where legrah-about a mile on the left is Codagot Hill. thereis goodanchorage for vesselsof various descriptions. 164 Cross the William river to Canningalla, Mr. Justice This country presentsgrest capabilities for improvement, Dowling's farm. About a mile on the right is the con- but will not perhaps advance much until a closer con- fluence of the William and Chichester rivers. Lower nection be formed with the market at Sydney, by the down the William on the north bank are the farms of means of regular steam packets. Mr. W. Foster, and Mr. Lawrence Myles-From Til- ROAD FROM WOLLAROBRA TO THE UPPER legrah there is a track to the south west, following upwards the course of the Myall, to the right of WILLIAM AND CHICHESTER RIVERS. Mount Narroni, and crossing the range by Mount 147 On the right, leave the road from Wollombi to Port Windeyer, to Park's grant, on the Ally11 river. The Stephens and the Manning (eee page138). course of the William and Chichester is from the 150 Pass the north-west corner of Mr. Chapman's farni. west, their sources being in the Mount Royal Hills, l5Of Cross Wallarobba creek, and follow its course they run parallel to each other like the Paterson and through the grants of A. M. Baxter, Esq. and Mr. Allyn, and about two miles apart ; between these rivers Verge the builder. are the grants of Rookin and the Messrs. Rlossman, 153 The village reserve of Wallarobba ; here, on the and on the south bank of the William are the grants right, is a track to Clarence TOWII,orossing about of Mr. Mann, called Munni; Messrs. MCLean and three miles off the road from the Wollombi to Port Rf'Kenzie, called Tanumbuc, and Messrs. Scott and Stephens, at 162 miles from Sydney (eee page139). . Adair. 154 Enter Hook's grant; on the west is Tabbit hill. The principal characteristics of this district, from Cla- 156 Cross Tabbit creek ; higher up this creek are the rence Town upwards, are open forest land, affordir~g grants of Mr. Ferdinand Anley, and Mr. Grayson exoellent sheep pasture, and on the banks of the rivers Hartley ; to the east is Wihughullybill. small flats of alluvial soil, and strips of Vine brush, in 157 Melbee, the grant of Mr. D. F. Maokay. which are found cedar and other valuable timbers; Marble of various colours has just been discovered in this neigh- the track between the William and Chichester, is said bourhood. to be the Anest bit of sheep country in the whole T Colony. Immediately over the range, at the head of miles extent, by which you may travel to the southern these rivers, sonie plains are visible-here also the shores of Port Stephens ; here are the grants of Cro- waters of the Manning take their rise. The country marty, Blackford, and of Lieutenant Caswell, R. N., extending from the William, northwards towards the called Tenilba. From the south shore you can cross Manning, for thirty or forty miles, is entirely unlocated the harbour of Port Stephens to Carrington, on the being very difficult of access, and much broken by north, or you can head the harbour and cross the scrubby ranges, separating the many small streams Karuah that flow to the Manning and to the Gloucester river, 1) From Newcastle, on the right, is a Government Cot- which is the principal branch of the Manning. tage, lately purchased by Mr. Weller'; here you cross ROAD FROM NEWCASTLE THROUGH MAITLAND a small stream. TO THE GREAT NORTH ROAD AT 8 Cross another stream. PATRICK'S PLAINS. 44 Enter Platt's farm ; the road approaches the banks of Newcastle is prettily situated,at the mouth of the Hunter, the Hunter, opposite Ash or Greville Island, on which and although there is a Church and resident clergy- a grant has been recently selected by Mr. Scott. man-a Government House, Gaol, Stores and Hospi- I 8 Cross Iron-bark creek ; this creek is navigable for three tal, and numerous allotments alienated, the place is or four miles,' a low range divides it from Cockle almost deserted, the preference being given to Mait- creek a stream running into Lake Macquarie, also land, which is at the head of the navigation. There navigable ; at the heads of these creeks are the grants is an Inn at Newcastle, called the Ship Inn, kept of the Messrs. Weller, Mr. and Mrs. Brooks, Maziere by Mr. James Pausey ; coal mines were first open- and others. ed here, they are now worked by the Australian The road passes through a Village Reserve. Agricultural Company. 9 Enter Spark's farm; to the left is a large swamp called Before entering upon the road to Maitland, it is neces- i Barrahinebin, here the locations commence, and the sary td observe, that there is a track from Newcastle whole country to the west, in what may be called the leading south westerly to Lake Macquarie, which it Delta of the Hunter, is one mass of grants, and im- reaches, at the residence of the Reverend Mr. Threl- provements present themselves on every side. keld, situated in the centre of a tract of 10,000 acres, 11 On the right, Sparkie's Inn. Here the Hunter bends to reserved for the aboriginal natives. The scenery of the north east, for five or six miles, it then receives Lake Macquarie h pretty, but rather tame ; at its en- the waters of the William, and turns to the west. trance, called Reids Mistake, is a dangerous sand-bar ; 1 12 Meet the Crack from Wollombi to Port Stephen, by there are many grants on its shores, the principal of Tomalpin-hill. (See branch of the Great Norlh which are Biddaba, Mr. Warner's; Milloba, Mr. Road, page 135). Brooks ; Teralba, Rlr. Ranclaud's ; Punte, Mr. Threl- 14 On the right, Cottage on Gumming's grant. keld's and Wanzi Wanzi Mr. Cory's. Coal abounds 16 Bridge across Four-mile creek. through the whole of this neighbourhood. 17) Enter the town of Maitland; the ground here is very Opposite Newcastle, is a low sandy point, and there is favourable for the formation of a large town, and an uninterrupted sandy beach of eighteen or twenty much pains have been bestowed on laying it out, many I allotments have been located, and a School-house and and there is a great disposition to build, a considerable Chapel erected, but the preference is still given to the population is already collected, but as before stated, low lands on the other side of Wallis creek, these are, the place is subject to flood. At this spot is the Ford however, subject to flood, and, ere long, the houses across the Hunter, to Patterson's Plains, being the may be washed away, and the superior situation of the branch of the Great North Road from Wollombi, to new Town will then be made evident. Port Stephens ; this Ford is 1244 miles from Sydney, From this neighbourhood it wodd be possible to form a by the new roads. (See page 1. track towards the Manning river, as a continuation of Cross chain of Ponds in Strangers farm. the road from the Wollombi, and as the best commu- On the left, meet branch of the Great North Road, nication north-easterly from the town of Maitland ; from Wollombi, to Port Stephen's at the 120th mile. this track would cross the Hunter at Nelson's Cot- (See Page ). Pass through the extensive estate tage, pass through the Church grant of Nelson's-plains, of T. M. W. Winder, Esq. and the farms of Warren, Dison, Torrence, Hill, 27 On the right, and Fisher and others, to Clarence Town, then cross the 28 On the right, Cottages. William, a little above its confluence with Doorel 31 Bridge. The land about here is not yet located. Doorel creek, and so onwards into the upper part of 32 Bridge in Coulson's farm, and meet track from the the valley of the Karuah river. Wollombi to Port Stephens. (See branch of Great 19 On the right is the New Inn, built by Alexander North Road, page ). M'Leod, Esq., and kept by Mr. B. Cox, also the road 334 Cottages in Coulson's Grant. to the St. Michael Store Ship, distant about three 34 Cross Black Creek. miles, but the distance by water, owing to the wind- 37 Enter Jones's farm before alluded to. ing of the river, is about twelve miles ; on the left is Cross chains of Ponds, heads of the Purend~ra the track through Allman's and Alaughan's farms, 39An- - t River and ioin the Great North Road, at 119& mlles towards Mulberring and Brisbane water : and joining 'from sydne;. (See page 129). the tracks by Tomalpin-hill, leading to the Wollombi. The new line of road from Maitland to Patrick's Plains has (See road from Briebane Water to Maitland, been before alluded to, in the general description of page 149). the New North Road. (See Great North Road, 194 Bridge over Wallis' creek, on either side of this bridge, page 124). There is also an old track to Patrick's on the banks of the river are the small farms that were Plains.- - from Maitland, following- somewhat in the di- allowed to those who had cultivated here, when this rectiod of the new line. was a Penal Settlement. ROAD FROM BRISBANE WATER TO MAITLAND. 21 The navigation of the Hunter ends: at this spot is This Road may be considered as a continuation of the Hewitt's and other Inns, and a mass of houses built coast track, northerly from Sydney, (see the coast road mostly upon the small original grants, before alluded to Pitt Water and Broken Bay, page 79). From to, as belonging to the first cultivators. To the north Burrenjeuy the east bead of Pitt Water, there is a ferry, and south, veterans have been lately located ; Messrs. across Broken Bay to the head of Brisbane Water, the Blaxland, M'Queen and Semphill, have wharfs here, distance being about 10 miles. At Brisbane Water are many very industrious small settlers, and the estab- Cross the range dividing the Tuggerah Creek, from the lishment of a Village, Church, &c. is contemplated. Wyong Creek; a mile on the right, is a place on Excellent crops of corn, and wheat are produced here, this range called Tangi-Dangi, this place is 28 miles also abundance of fine onions. of measured distance from Mount M'Quoid, along the To the west of the Inlet, the land is rocky and useless, range before alluded to, and of which this is a branch ; and remains unlocated. To the east, between the In- two miles further, to the right, is the shore of Tuggerah let and the Sea, are numerous locations on bits of the beach Lakes, and on either side extending out into the finest alluvial soil ; the country being much broken Lakesare the mouths of the Wyong &Tuggerah Creeks. up by secondary inlets from Brisbane Water and the There are three of theseLakes; the first extends from this sea, known as Cockle Creek Broadwater, Cockrone, about eight milep northerly, and is separated from the and Bulbararing, as well as by some navigable Creeks, . second by a narrow channel called Wallarah ; the se- known aa Erina, King-Cumber, Egan Creek, &c. cond is only two or three miles broad and is separated The Road commences at the head of the Inlet, about a from the third, which is smaller than the second, by mile east of the mo~lthof Narara, a navigable Creek. a still narrower channel called Podgewoy. These From this neighbourhood is the track westerly to Lakes approach, in some places, within a few chains Twelve-mile Hollow, at 694 miles, and that to the of the sea, from which they have probably been gained north-west,along the continuous range to Mt. M'Quoid, by the accumulation of sand banks, formed by the ac- at 79 miles from Sydney (ees great North Road, tion of the prevailing winds and the coast current ; page 124). To the east is a track passing through this supposition is strengthened, by the presence of Bean's farm, and by Tarrigul Lagoon, along the coast perpendicular cliffs to the west of the Lakes, supposed to Holden's farm, at a place called Tuggerah, the to have formed the original sea barrier ; this is also mouth of the Tuggerah Lakes. Tuggerah, as is well the case with the Illawarra, indeed the same theory known, means "coldv in the native dialect, and the might be applied to the whole of the eastern coast, as points there being low and exposed to the sea breeze and it is backed by salt water Lakes, and the circumstances southerly gales, are cold and bleak, whence the name. are similar. From Wallarah, about two miles east is f On the left is the Watch-house, a remarkable point on the coast, known as Bungary- If Enter the estate of F. A. Hely, Esq. Norah, to the north of which there is a boat harbour. 2 On the left is Mr. Hely'a residence, situated on the called Cabbage-tree harbour ; from which large quan- east bank of Narara Creek, which is navigable thus far. tities of Cedar, cut in t11e mountains to the west, is em- 2 On the left is Newrabung, a high hill, in the grant of barked for Sydney. Mr. Robert Cox. 14Grants of F. A. Hely, Esq, called Tangi-Dangi, and 5 Enter the estates of J. E. Manning and T. M'Quoid, Wollongongine. Esquires, further to the right is the grant of Matcham, to the left is that of Holt. 12& Cross Wyong Creek, on its north bank are the grants 84 Cross Tuggerah Creek; to the south-east, towards the of Mr. Cape, and further to the north that of Mr. Far- sea is a track of the richest land heavily timbered, and re1 : at its mouth is the grant of Mr. Larnock; and fur- quite unlocated. ther north, that of Mr. Slade, at Podgewoy : these are lateral ranges of the Sugar-loaf, called the Sugar- all the grants in this npighbourhood, although, both loaf Hills. To the left are the grants of Palmer, the quality of the land, and the value of the timber, are Vincent, Johnson, Baldwin, and Brown. From calculated to induce its location. The Wyong takes 38 to its rise under Warrewolong, flowing to the south-east, 41 On the west bank of the creek, are the grants of in a tolerably straight direction, about equi-distant from Ironside, Fairs, Rae, and Blackburn. At this spot the Mount M'Quoid range, and that which divides the there is track from the Ellalong grants, called Tuggerah Lake waters from those of Lake Macquarie. Carter's Track. 18 Cross the range just alluded to as separating the waters Two miles to the right is the Sugar-loaf, a remarkable of the Wyong Creek, from those flowing into the high-pointed hill visible in every direction. The road Lake Maoquarie. onwards to Maitland, passes through located lands. 254 Cross Nekinda, or Dory Brook, on whose banks are 44 Cross the Sugar-loaf branch of the Mulberring, and the grants of Messrs. Percy Simpson, Tingcombe, meet the track passing by Tomalpin-hill, from Wol- and Campbell, also a Village reserve, About four lombi to Port Stephens. miles from its entrance into the lake, at its confluence 46 On the left, track connecting with the tracks leading with a creek running from the south-west through by Tomalpin-hill to the Wollombi. Tingcombe'e grant, the Nekinda assumes the name of 47 Cross some streams and swamps, flowing to a large the Badge, or Manning River ; Lake Macquarie is swamp on the left, in Bloomfield's grant. more particularly described in the Road from New- 48 Maughan's grant. castle to Patrick's Plains (see page 146) on its 49 Maughan's Lagoon, and enter Allman's grant. southern shores, and between it and the sea there are 429 Enter $own of Maitland. many picturesque spots, with tolerable land, still 50 On the left, present Police Barracks. unlocated. 504 Meet the road from Newcastle to Patrick's Plains, at SO On the right is a track to the north-east, crossing 19 miles fiom Newcastle, opposite the New Inn (See Cockle Creek at the north end of Lake Macquarie, page 148). and continuing onwards to Newcastle. The road continues onwards to the head of the naviga- 34 Cross a low part of the Myall Range; about three tion, which it reaches at 53 miles. miles to the left is the Myall Mountain, and im- mediately under it the Mulberring or Wallis' Creek takes its rise. The whole of this country, from Wyong to the Myall, and from Warrewolong to the Lakes, is very heavily The roads and tracks throughout the whole colony have timbered, particularly in the gullies; great quantities now been described, and although not arranged with all of cedar and other valuable woods abound, but are the precision of an English Itinerary, the traveller will fast disappearing under the hands of the sawyers. have no difaculty in finding his way from one place to 35 Mrs. Maingy's grant, at the head of one of the another, or in ascertaining the distance between any two sources of the Mulberring. The road follows this p!aces; (see note below). The roads beyond the bounda- stream through Sparkes' grant. TOthe right are the rles of the county of Cumberland, are to be considered as U divided into three great roads, leading to the south, and west, and north, and that all the others are merely branches of, or tracks connecting them together; in the arrangement the system has been pursued which is alluded to in the first paragraphs of the Itinerary.

Nms-The distance between any two plrsees may be easily ascertained by a little Arithmetic; thus, suppase the distance bom Maitland to Sin leton's-ford is required, on referring to the road from Newcastle to fatrick'a Plains, it will be found, that the New Inn at Maitland is 19 mila born Newcastle, and that it joins the Great North Road at 40, making the distance &om Maitland to this road 21 miles ; now turn to the Great North Road, and at 11Sl you tind the junction of the Neweastle road, and that Si leton's is 8Q miles further on, add thii to the 21, and you get aen to the distance required.

N. B. The Smle of T& refmed to in tmrimtprtn of this Itirrcrarg ir omitted, it being undcrrtood that an immediate rto*ion of the present chargu ir to k d. NEW SOUTH WALES

CALENDAR,

AND

GENERAL POST OFFICE

bonnrlr :

*.mT,n ,ox TSZ ?.otm., BY STEPHENS AND STOKES,

KING-STREET.