The Tughlaq Dynasty 2
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Muhommad Bin Tughlaq (By Bhawana Singh)
Magadh Mahila College Patna University Department of History Bhawana Singh(Guest Faculty) Email id- [email protected] B.A-3rd Year Paper -5, Unit-4 TughlaqDynasty(1320-1413A.D) Muhommad Bin Tughlaq Tughlaq Dynasty was established by Ghazi Malik who assumed the throne under the title Of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. After Alauddin Khalji's death from illness in 1316AD, a series of Arrests and assassinations followed with Khusro Khan coming to power after killing Mubarak Khalji,the son of Alauddin Khalji. However, he lacked the support of the nobles and aristocrats of the Khalji dynasty. Thus, the aristocrats invited Ghazi Malik, then the governor of Punjab under the Khalji's to remove Khusro Khan. In 1320AD Ghazi Malik Launched an attack and killed Khusro Khan to assume power. Hence, the Khalji dynasty was then replaced by a new dynasty known as Tughlaq dynasty. Ghiayasuddin Tughlaq raised the kingdom with his capacity, intelligence and peace and succeeded in restoring peace. He was a wise and liberal ruler. He re-established the food law of Alauddin Khalji, suppressed the revolt in the unfriendly provinces and resorted harmony, law and order. He structured aim proved Postal System and encouraged agriculture. But after his mysterious demise his son Jauna Khan succeeded him under the title of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq in 1325AD. MuhammadBinTughlaq(1325-1351A.D) He was the successor of Ghiyasudd in Tughlaq and the second ruler of Tughlaq dynasty. Tarikh-i-Firozshahi of Ziauddin Barni and Kitab-i-rehla of Ibn-Batutah gives detailed information about the rule of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq. Ibn Batutah vistited to India from Morroco during his rule in 1333A.D and was appointed as Qazi of Delhi. -
INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been Used to Photo Graph and Reproduce This Manuscript from the Microfilm Master
INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the original text directly from the copy submitted. Thus, some dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from a computer printer. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyrighted material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is available as one exposure on a standard 35 mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. 35 mm slides or 6" X 9" black and w h itephotographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Accessing the World'sUMI Information since 1938 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA Order Number 8824569 The architecture of Firuz Shah Tughluq McKibben, William Jeffrey, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1988 Copyright ©1988 by McKibben, William Jeflfrey. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. -
Sayyid Dynasty
SAYYID DYNASTY The Sayyid dynasty was the fourth dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, with four rulers ruling from 1414 to 1451. Founded by Khizr Khan, a former governor of Multan, they succeeded the Tughlaq dynasty and ruled the sultanate until they were displaced by the Lodi dynasty. Khizr Khan (1414- 1421 A.D.) He was the founder of Sayyid Dynasty He did not swear any royal title. He was the Governor of Multan. He took advantage of the disordered situation in India after Timur’s invasion. In 1414 A.D. he occupied the throne of Delhi. He brought parts of Surat, Dilapur, and Punjab under his control. But he lost Bengal, Deccan, Gujarat, Jaunpur, Khandesh and Malwa. In 1421 he died. Mubarak Shah, Khizr Khan’s son succeeded him. Mubarak Shah (1421-1434 A.D.) He was the son of Khizr Khan who got Khutba read on his name and issued his own coins. He did not accept the suzerainty of any foreign power. He was the ablest ruler of the dynasty. He subdued the rebellion at Bhatinda and Daob and the revolt by Khokhars Chief Jasrat. He patronised Vahiya Bin Ahmad Sarhind, author of Tarikh-i-Mubarak Shahi. Mubarak Shah was succeeded by two incompetent rulers, Muhammad Shah (AD 1434- 1445) and Alauddin Alam Shah (AD 1445-1450). Most of the provincial kingdoms declared their independence. Hence, Alam Shah surrendered the throne and retired in an inglorious manner to Baduan. Finally Bahlol Lodhi captured the throne of Delhi with the support of Wazir Khan. Muhammad Shah (1434-1445 A.D.) He defeated the ruler of Malwa with the help of Bahlul Lodi, the Governor of Lahore. -
M in D O\J£K Hat-Tei^
M in d o\J£K H a t - t e i ^ wO £ s ($L ■ • { ^ J ^ A x QJLa ACOj Vfl/vU<vva; I u d d ttu j J\I<Uo fkX l\L, j 2 -0 0 ^ J _y ( Two Indian Theorists of the State Barani and Abu'l Fazl Irfan Habib The pre-modern Indian state has been the subject of discussion in much recent writing, the various theories ranging from the concept of Oriental Despotism to that of Segmentary State. The state’s taxation capacities, the extent of centralized control, and the degree of systematic administration tend to be assessed and re assessed. While these concerns were generally not present in medieval writings on the state (except for the role of despotic authority), there were at least two writers, who, some two and a half centuries apart, provided reflections sufficient in scope and consistency to be given the designation of ‘theories’. I propose to deal with them separately, since their premises and conclusions appear in sharp contrast to each other. At the end, I would try to sum up what these contrasts tell us about both the circumstances of the times and the intellectual traditions which produced them. I . Barani has been much studied and commented upon as a historian, and since the work of Mohammad Habib and Afsar Khan in the 1950’s,1 his position as a political theorist has also been recognized. The following pages thus partly represent the re-visiting of explored ground; such verification may perhaps perform some service, even where it confirms what was previously known; and, therefore, one may proceed to one’s task without a long apology. -
Ba Islamic History
Maharaja’s College, Ernakulam (A Government Autonomous College) Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam Under Graduate Programme in Islamic History 2020 Admission Onwards Board of Studies in Islamic History Sl. Name of Member Designation No. 1 Sri. I K Jayadev, Associate Professor Chairman, BoS Islamic History 2 Dr. A B Aliyar External Member 3 Sri. Anil Kumar External Member 4 Dr. Muhammad Riyaz V B External Member [Industry] 5 Sri. K U Bava External Member [Alumni] 6 Sri. Muhammad Ali Jinnah Sahib I Internal Member 7 Dr.Shajila Beevi S Internal Member 8 Dr. Salooja M S Internal Member 9 Sri. Ajmal P A Internal Member 10 Smt. Subida M D Internal Member 11 Smt. Sheeja O Internal Member MAHARAJA'S COLLEGE, ERNAKULAM (A GOVERNMENT AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE) REGULATIONS FOR UNDER GRADUATE PROGRAMMES UNDER CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM 2020 1. TITLE 1.1. These regulations shall be called “MAHARAJA'S COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) REGULATIONS FOR UNDER GRADUATE PROGRAMMESUNDER CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM 2020” 2. SCOPE 2.1 Applicable to all regular Under Graduate Programmes conducted by the Maharaja's College with effect from 2020 admissions 2.2 Medium of instruction is English except in the case of language courses other than English unless otherwise stated therein. 2.3 The provisions herein supersede all the existing regulations for the undergraduate programmes to the extent herein prescribed. 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1. ‘Academic Week’ is a unit of five working days in which the distribution of work is organized from day one to day five, with five contact hours of one hour duration on each day. -
Medieval India TNPSC GROUP – I & II
VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE Medieval India TNPSC GROUP – I & II An ISO 9001 : 2015 Institution | Providing Excellence Since 2011 Head Office Old No.52, New No.1, 9th Street, F Block, 1st Avenue Main Road, (Near Istha siddhi Vinayakar Temple), Anna Nagar East – 600102. Phone: 044-2626 5326 | 98844 72636 | 98844 21666 | 98844 32666 Branches SALEM KOVAI No.189/1, Meyanoor Road, Near ARRS Multiplex, No.347, D.S.Complex (3rd floor), (Near Salem New bus Stand), Nehru Street,Near Gandhipuram Opp. Venkateshwara Complex, Salem - 636004. Central Bus Stand, Ramnagar, Kovai - 9 Ph: 0427-2330307 | 95001 22022 Ph: 75021 65390 Educarreerr Location VIVEKANANDHA EDUCATIONA PATRICIAN COLLEGE OF ARTS SREE SARASWATHI INSTITUTIONS FOR WOMEN AND SCIENCE THYAGARAJA COLLEGE Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode - TK 3, Canal Bank Rd, Gandhi Nagar, Palani Road, Thippampatti, Namakkal District - 637 205. Opp. to Kotturpuram Railway Station, Pollachi - 642 107 Ph: 04288 - 234670 Adyar, Chennai - 600020. Ph: 73737 66550 | 94432 66008 91 94437 34670 Ph: 044 - 24401362 | 044 - 24426913 90951 66009 www.vetriias.com © VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE First Edition – 2015 Second Edition – 2019 Pages : 114 Size : (240 × 180) cm Price : 220/- Published by: VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE F Block New No. 1, 9th Street, 1st Avenue main Road, Chinthamani, Anna Nagar (E), Chennai – 102. Phone: 044-2626 5326 | 98844 72636 | 98844 21666 | 98844 32666 www.vetriias.com E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] / [email protected] Feedback: [email protected] © All rights reserved with the publisher. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the written permission of the publisher, will be responsible for the loss and may be punished for compensation under copyright act. -
1 Component-I
Component-I (A) – Personal details: Prof. P. Bhaskar Reddy Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati. Dr. Krishnendu Ray Dept. of AIHC, University of Calcutta. Dr. Swati Biswas Dept. of IHC, University of Calcutta. Prof. Bhaskar Reddy Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati. 1 Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Economic History of India (from the Earliest Time Paper Name to 1707 AD) Delhi Sultanate : Agrarian Taxation and the Module Name/Title currency System Module Id IC / EHI / 23 Pre requisites To know the Evolution of the tax system introduced by the Delhi Sultanate, the Objectives implementation of the new tax system, the features of the currency system of the Delhi Sultanate and the types of coins and heir value Keywords Delhi Sultanate / Tax System / Currency System E-Text (Quadrant-I): 1. Agrarian Taxation There is no reference which clearly states as to how the agricultural surplus was appropriated by the state before the Ghorian states. It is difficult to ascertain how it was exacted from the primary producers in the form of landowners claim or as taxes. The inscription gives the name of a number of taxes. The nature of it is not known though. The share of the produce is all the more difficult to ascertain. With the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate the older system was not immediately changed. The new rulers superimposed their demands on the existing system. The ruling class of the older regime paid the demand as tributes. Thus initially there are very little information as to how much was extracted from the peasantry. In the rebellious territories or mawasat such arrangements could not be made. -
Politics Affected by Ulema Under the Delhi Sultans and Mughal Emperors: a Historical Review
International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 9 Issue 5, May 2019, ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell‟s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A Politics affected by Ulema under the Delhi Sultans and Mughal Emperors: A Historical Review Ishan Khan* Abstract Ulema is the Muslim scholars in the Islamic world. Ulema played an important role in the polity, society and culture during the Medieval Indian History. The contribution of Ulema attracted in social, religious and intellectual dynamisms in medieval India. The Ulema played an important role in the Muslim society to learn the literature, law, and doctrines of Islam. They were the judges, jurist, priests, leaders, scholars, teachers, readers of Quran and Hadith, recitals of traditions, Sufis, functionaries of mosque and madrasa in the medieval Indian society. Ulema helped to carry on the teaching of Islam, enforced its moral, upheld its law, proclaimed its doctrines, suppressed corruption and vice. The present study analyse the role of Ulema in medieval India. This paper focuses on the contribution of Ulema in the Slave Dynasty, Khilji Dynasty, Tughlaq Dynasty, Sayyid Dynasty, Lodhi Dynasty, and at the reign of Mughal rulers such as Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shahjahan, and Aurangzeb. This paper also focuses on the fatawa literature imposed by Ulema on the Muslim society during the medieval India. -
Dr. Md. Neyaz Hussain
DR. MD.NEYAZ HUSSAIN ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR & HOD PG DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY MAHARAJA COLLEGE, VKSU, ARA(BIHAR) Barani was an eminent scholar and had written numerous valuable books. The two most well known his works are Tarikh-i-Firozshahi and Fatwa-i-Jahandari, which provide valuable information about the history of that period. He completed his work Tarikh-i-Firozshahi in 1357 and dedicated to the ruling sovereign Firozshah . His other historical work Fatwa-i-Jahandari which he completed after Tarikh-i- Firozshahi analyses the qualities, virtues and talents that a good monarch should possess. He also describes the principles of administration and ideals of government and illustrates them by examples from the history of Iran and other Muslim countries. Barani held that his work was superior to the work of earlier writers. Barani, the first Indian Muslim to compose a history of India as well as connected with the ruling circles of Delhi. As an eye witness of some events and with easy access to the court he had ample opportunity of knowing the accurate details. Barani was the historian who always deals with the king and his administrative success and failures . As professor John Dowson welcome the approach of Barani rather than earlier Muslim writers. He says’ yet has a care for matters besides the interests of his religion and them warlike exploits of the sovereign representatives of his faith’. He freely criticize the action and characters of the kings and great men of the time dealing out his praises and censures in no uncertain terms. Apart from the above two famous eminent writings, he wrote many other valuable books on various subjects (1) Sanai-i- Muhammadi (2) Salat-i- Kabir (3) Enayatnamah-i-Elahi (4) Maasir -i-Saadat (5) Hasrat Namah (6) Tarikh-i-Barmikia Sana-i-Muhammadi deals with the prophet Muhammad and his life. -
MPSE-004 Social and Political Thoughts
MPSE-004 Social and Political Thoughts POLITICAL THOUGHT INDIA: THE DIVERSE STRANDS Structure 1.1 Jntroductioti 1.2 State and Sovereignty in Ancient India 1.3 State and Sovereignty in Medieval India 1.4 Religion and Polity l .S Summary 1.6 Exercises 1 .I INTRODUCTION To understand ~nodcrnIndian political thought, it is essential to have a broad view of the historical processes through which the modern polity has emerged. We have civilisation which is comparable with the Grcek civilisation and as Plato and Aristotle are considered as the pionecrs of westcrn political tradition, so are our ancient and medicval texts on statecraft. Whether it is tlie concept of monarchy, republicanism, council of ~ninisters,welfare state, diplomacy, espionage syste~nor any other political concept/inslitutio11isitutioi which is known in 111odet-npolitical parlance, all tliese Iiave refercnces in our early political traditions. Stale, society and governance are interlinked to each other. If we look at our past we will find that there was a rime when people used to live in small groups based on kinship ties and there was no need felt for a11 authority to coiltroi people's life. But with the growth of population atid claslics between groups of people, the need was felt for an authority wlio would provide the rcquired protection to his people and whose order would be obeyed by all. With the coming of groups of peoplc together, society came into existeilce which was followed by the emergence of state aiid the art of governance. So in a way we can say that individual nceds led to tlie c~licrgc~~ceof society and it is the collective need of the society which in turn led to tlic forn~ulationof various structures and theories related to state and governance. -
Rulers of Delhi Sultanate for SSC & Bank Exams
Rulers of Delhi Sultanate for SSC & Bank Exams - GK Notes The Delhi Sultanate refers to five Muslim kingdoms or dynasties that ruled over the territory of Delhi between the years 1206 to 1526 CE. In the 16th Century, the last rulers of the Delhi Sultanate were defeated by Mughals, who then laid the foundation of the Mughal Empire in India. Before the Mughal Empire came into existence, the Delhi Sultanate was considered to be the most powerful State in the Northern India. Many government exams include the topic of history in their questions, thus knowing facts about history is important for you to crack these exams. Read this article to know in detail about the Rulers of Delhi Sultanate. The five dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate include: • The Mamluk Dynasty (1206-1290) • The Khilji Dynasty (1290 -1320) • The Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1414) • The Sayyid Dynasty (1414-1451) • The Afghan Lodi Dynasty (1451-1526) Let's find out more about these great dynasties and the Rulers of Delhi Sultanate. The Mamluk Dynasty (1206-1290) Here is a list of the Mamluk Rulers of the Delhi Sultanate in this era. Ruler Reign Qutb-ud-din Aibak 1206–1210 1 | P a g e Aram Shah 1210–1211 Shams-ud-din Iltutmish 1211–1236 Rukn-ud-din Firuz 1236 Raziyat-ud-din Sultana 1236–1240 Muiz-ud-din Bahram 1240–1242 Ala-ud-din Masud 1242–1246 Nasir-ud-din Mahmud 1246–1266 Ghiyas-ud-din Balban 1266–1286 Muiz-ud-din Qaiqabad 1286–1290 Kayumars 1290 • Qutb-ud-din Aibak was the first ruler of the Mamluk Dynasty (also called the slave dynasty). -
Rulers of Delhi Sultanate and Important Information Related to Them Part- 1
Rulers of Delhi Sultanate and Important information Related to Them Part- 1 31- Jan -18 Dynasty of Delhi Sultanate Clan State time Chief ruler Mamluk or Ghulam Dynasty 1206 - 1290 Qutubuddin Aibak, Iltutmish, Razia Sultan, Giasudin Bolan Khilji dynasty 1290 - 1320 Alauddin Khilji Tughlaq Dynasty 1321 - 1413 Muhammad bin Tughluq, Firuz Shah Tughlaq Syed dynasty 1414 - 1450 Khizr Khan Lodhi dynasty 1451 - 1526 Ibrahim Lodi IMPORTANT RULERS AND INFORMATION RELATED TO THEM The ruler Information Qutubuddin He was a slave of Mohammed Gori. Aibak He was the founder of the Ghulam dynasty (Mahaluk Sultanat) and the first Sultan of Delhi. He ruled for only four years, from 1206 to 1210 CE. He Died while playing polo in Lahore. He built the Kawwat-ul-Islam Mosque of Delhi and a two-day hut of Ajmer. He started constructing the Qutub Minar of Delhi dedicated to the famous Sufi saint Kutubuddin Bakhtiar Kaki. For his generosity, he is also remembered by the name of Lakhbakhsh. Iltutmish He used two silver coins and two important coins of copper (the standard weight of a coin was 175 cereals grains). He initiated the Integrity System, in which the empire was divided into coins and handed over to the nobles and officers in lieu of the wages. In 1230 he constructed Hauz-e-Shamshi reservoir of Mehrauli. Completed the work of Qutub Minar started by Qutubuddin Aibak. The Sultan watch, which is considered to be the first Islamic Tomb of Delhi, created the memory of his eldest son, Prince Naseeruddin Mahmud. Mongolian attacker Genghis Khan, during his reign, first attacked the Indus river on the banks of the river.