Journal of Pharmaceutical Research And Opinion 1:3 (2011) 92 – 93 Contents lists available at www.innovativejournal.in

JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND OPINION

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RESEARCH EVALUATION OF ANTIFERTILITY POTENTIAL OF GIGANTEA LINN. IN FEMALE ALBINO RATS.

M. Mishra 1, R. K Gautam2, R. Mathur3*

1School of Zoology and Anthropology, Opp. GDA, Gwalior. Madhya Pradesh, India. 2School of Life sciences, Khandari campus, Agra Univerisity, Agra, Uttar Pradesh. India. 3School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received 22 July 2011 The present study has been undertaken to evaluate antifertility and ovaro-uterotoxic Accepted 28 July 2011 activities of the extracts of Linn. Animals studied were divided Corresponding Author: into various groups control and experimental groups. Crude and ethanolic extracts R.Mathur were prepared and 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight doses were selected. [email protected] Oestrogenicity/antioestrogenicity was tested by using bilaterally ovariectomized School of Studies in Zoology, immature rats. Biochemical parameters viz. uterine glycogen, total protein, acid and Jiwaji University, Gwalior, alkaline phosphatase were measured and compared with control and vehicle. The Madhya Pradesh, India. findings suggest that the extracts are strong antiestrogenic and antiprogestagenic. Sharp decline was found in uterine glycogen, total proteins and acid phosphatase level whereas the level of alkaline phosphatase was found to increase. Though the KeyWords: Antifertility, extracts are highly toxic at higher doses yet they exhibit potential to be elucidated as Calotropin, Endometrium, female antifertility agents with proper control of toxicity. Hyaluronic acid

©2011, JPRO, All Right Reserved. INTRODUCTION Since time immemorial traditional medicinal frugoside(Morris Kupchan et al., 1964). It’s milky latex systems of India, China and other countries of the world rich in lupeol, calotropin, calotoxin and uscharchin. are using wealth of nature. The plants as a crude The present study is aimed to find out the effects preparation or as extracts are used by folk doctors to treat of crude and alcoholic extracts of Calotropis gigantea on a variety of ailments very effectively. Since allopathic female reproductive system. preparations are costly. They are not in the reach of poor population of the developing countries. Moreover, most of MATERIALS AND METHODS the synthetic drugs do cause damage to the body. As far as Plant material: Roots of Calotropis gigantea obtained the plant extracts are mostly nontoxic. If at all otherwise, from the field were sliced and dried in shade and then the toxicity is reversible in short time. powdered which acted as crude extract. The powder was Plant (Calotropis gigantea) extracts and their also used to prepare 50% ethanolic extract by cold flowers are used in treatment of ulcers, poisoning, leprosy, method. Standard doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg body disorders of spleen and digestive system (improper weight were prepared for both extracts. motility), itching and piles. The white flowers are Animal: Fertile female albino rats of Sprague Dawley aphrodiasics, light appetizers and anorexic. They are used strain were selected from animal colony. They were to treat piles and breathing disorders and to increase housed under conditions of temperature (25+1°C), salivation whereas red flowers have wormicidal and relative humidity (65+10%), light and dark cycle (14:10H) homeostatic properties. They are used to treat and fed with standard pallets diet (Amrut Lab. Animal inflammation, cough, digestive disorders and cancer food diet, India) and water ad libitum. The doses were (Morris Kupchan et al., 1964). The white latex is a good administered by intragastric catheter once a day at 10 AM medicine to be used as purgative. Various active principles for 14/21 days durations. Animals were divided into 10 of Calotropis bark and sap are: Madar alban, Madar fluavil, groups, each group comprising of 6 animals. Black acid resin, Caoutchouc (free), Yellow bitter resin (1) Groups 1 and 2 were taken as control (vehicle) (Active principle), Akundarin, Oxiopregnane - receiving 1% 1ml gum acacia for 14 and 21 days oligoglycosides now named as calotropin A and B, respectively. Calotropin D1and D 2. (2) Group 3 and 4 were administered crude extract for Cytotoxic principles of ‘Akond mul ` (root of 14 days at doses 150 mg/kg body weight and 300 Calotropis gigantea) include cardinoloids glycosides, mg/kg body weight respectively while group 5 and 6 calotropin frugosides and 4-O--D glucopyranosyl

92 Mathur et. al / Evaluation of Antifertility Potential of Calotropis Gigantea Linn. in Female Albino Rats.

received the doses crude extract for 21 days at doses ethanolic extract for 21 days at doses 150 and 300 150 and 300 mg/kg of weight respectively. mg/kg of weight respectively. (3) Group 7 and 8 were administered with ethanolic All the animals were sacrificed after the last treatment by extract for 14 days at doses 150 mg/kg body weight using diethyl ether. Tissue homogenate was prepared to respectively while group 8 and 9 received the measure acid and alkaline phosphatases following Manning et al., (1966). RESULTS Table1 Showing levels of uterine glycogen, total proteins, acid and alkaline phosphatases for 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight doses of crude and ethanolic extracts given for 14 and 21 days. Biochemical Control Doses of crude extract Doses of ethanolic extract Parameters 150 mg/kg 300 mg/kg 150 mg/kg body 300 mg/kg body weight body weight weight body weight 14 Days 21 Days 14 Days 21 Days 14 Days 21 Days 14 Days 21 Days 14 Days 21 Days Glycogen 55.18 + 55.89 + 50.06 + 48.06 + 43.06 + 35.03 + 51.03 + 49.05 + 44.14 + 36.34 0.84 0.44 1.26 1.09 0.49 1.05 0.76 1.04 0.48 + 1.03 Protein 137.95 + 140.8 + 129.02 + 126.06 + 110.05 + 105.07 130.06 + 125.06 + 115.06 + 109.03 1.94 1.44 1.66 1.33 1.29 + 1.55 1.76 2.04 1.49 + 1.40 Acid 95.18 + 93.20 + 100.02 + 114.03 + 105.01 + 120.05 + 97.06 + 109.06+ 101.05 + 117.03 phosphatase 3.84 3.54 3.66 1.65 3.29 2.45 2.26 4.24 3.39 + 4.05 Alkaline 621.54 + 613.2+ 602.02 + 598.06 + 597.05 + 590.07 + 598.06 + 595.06 + 594.06 + 588.03 phosphatase 8.84 3.51 12.6 11.4 11.4 12.4 11.2 10.2 11.9 + 10.01 DISCUSSION REFERENCES A typical oestrogen is well known to increase uterine 1. Demer’s LM., Yoshinaga, K. and Greep, RO., (1972): glycogen (Demers et al., 1972), protein (protein and Uterine glycogen metabolism of rat in early pregnancy. nonprotein nitrogen Dutta et al., 1968) and acid Biol Reprod., 7, 297-304. phosphatase activity (Dugan et al., 1968) as well as alkaline 2. Dugan, FA., Radhakrishnamurthy, B., Rudman, RA. and phosphatase (Prakash et al., 1983). In the present study, Berenson, GS., (1968): Stimulation of synthesis of the crude and ethanol extracts reduced glycogen, total glycoprotein enzymes in the rat uterus by oestradiol. J. protein and alkaline phosphatase which could be attributed Endocr., 42, 261-266. to antiestrogenic nature of the extracts, however, there is 3. Dutta, IC., Karkun, JN. and Kar., AB., (1968): Studies on considerable increase in acid phosphatase level. physiology and biochemistry of cervix. Effects of Histological (not shown by photomicrographs) findings oestrogen and on the rat cervix. Acta boil. also reveal the fact that there is increased lysosomal Med germ., 20, 155-162. acitivity suggesting degenerative changes in uterine 4. Morris Kupchan, S., John R. Knox, John E. Kelsey and J. endometrium. Calotropins which are similar in nature to A. Saenz Renauld (1964): Calotropin, a cytotoxic cardiac glycosides, may be responsible for the extracts principle isolated from curassavica L., Science, (Morris Kupchan et al., 1964). There is profound leucocytic 146, 1685-1686. infiltration in the endometrium. Endometrial detachment 5. Manning JP, Steinetz BG, Babson AL, Butler MC. (1966): at certain places indicates loss to matricial binding A simple and reliable method for estimation of alkaline constituents such as hyaluronic acid and laminin proteins. phosphatase in tissue homogenates. Enzymologia., Increased phagocytosis may be one of the causes of 30;31(5):309-20. increase in alkaline phosphatase, however, biochemical 6. Prakash, AO., Saxena, V., Chand, GK and Mathur, R., parameters indicate that the extracts are (1983): Antifertility investigation on embelin- an oral antiprogestagenic. contraceptive of plant origin. Effects on uterine biochemical constituents of ovarietomized albino rats. Comp. Physio. Ecol., 8 (4), 271-275.

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